考研考博-英語-南京師范大學(xué)中北學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京師范大學(xué)中北學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Mrs.Greenreceivedan（）letterthreateningtoexposeherprivatelifeifsherefusedtopay$10,000.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anonymous

B.apparent

C.arbitrary

D.artificial

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：格林太太收到了一封匿名信，威脅說如果她拒絕支付10000美元，就要揭露她的私生活。因此選A。

2.單選題

ThechancesofinfectionofBSEor"mad-cowdisease"maybeslight,butthatdoesnotstoppeople_______beefenmasse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shunning

B.ignoring

C.disregarding

D.affronting

【答案】A

【解析】shun避開,避免;ignore不理睬,忽視;disregard漠視;affront公開侮辱，冒犯。句意：感染瘋牛病的概率是很小的，但這并不能阻止人們大量食用牛肉。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Thefatherlosthis（

）justbecausehissonfailedagaininthefinalexam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mind

B.mood

C.passion

D.temper

【答案】D

【解析】句意:父親發(fā)脾氣只是因?yàn)閮鹤悠谀┛荚囉挚荚伊恕?/p>

考查固定搭配。loseone’stemper發(fā)脾氣。

4.單選題

MybosshasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceany（

）onwhathepromises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assurance

B.probability

C.reliance

D.conformity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。assurance“保證，擔(dān)?！?；probability“可能性，機(jī)率”；reliance“信賴，信心”；conformity“遵守，適合，符合”。

句意：我老板已經(jīng)讓我失望太多次，我不會再對他的承諾抱任何希望。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish.

國際足聯(lián)宣布海外球迷觀看7月13日決賽的最低門票價格是440美元（約臺幣288英鎊）。

支持者稱，他成功的運(yùn)動生涯以及對2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會做出的努力，足以令他拿到這項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)。

髙爾夫運(yùn)動己成為2016年奧運(yùn)會比賽項(xiàng)目，因此，高爾夫運(yùn)動及該運(yùn)動的贊助商都將對關(guān)天朗寄以厚望，希望他能夠進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)該運(yùn)動蓬勃發(fā)展。

2007年10月28日，足協(xié)在北京召開新聞發(fā)布會，宣布前法國女足主教練伊麗莎白?洛伊塞爾就任中國女足主教練。

不過《每日郵報》此前報道說，穆雷在2013年的新年嘉獎名單上剛剛拿到了大英帝國勛章，以表彰他獲得奧運(yùn)金牌并摘下美網(wǎng)公開賽桂冠，因此他在2014的嘉獎名單上會受到冷落。

【答案】

FIFAannouncedthatthecheapestticketforoverseasfansforthefinalonJuly13is$440(about288pounds).

SupporterssaidthathissuccessfulsportscareerandhiseffortstowardstheLondon2012Olympicsmadehimqualifiedtogainthishonor.

Golfhasbeenincludedinthe2016OlympicGames,sogolfsportsanditssponsorswillplacehighexpectationsonGuanTianlang,hopinghewillpromotethefurtherdevelopmentofgolf.

ThefootballassociationheldanewsconferenceinBeijingandannouncedthatFrancewomen’scoachElizabethLoiselhasbeenappointedaschiefcoachofChinesewomen’sfootballteaminBeijingonOctober28th,2007.

TheDailyMailreportedthatMurraywasawardedanOBEinthe2013NewYear’shonourslistinrecognitionofhisOlympicgoldmedalandUSOpenLaurel,sowouldbeleftoutinthe2014NewYear’shonourslist.

6.單選題

Theyearwas1959.Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinatesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s.

1.Whatisthepassageabout?

2.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica.TheoriginoftheAIDSepidemicwasthoughttobegininthe（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

4.Accordingtothepassage,themanwhocarriedHIVgavebloodbecausehewantedto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThefactthatHTVandtheAIDSviruswerefirstdiscoveredinAfrica.

B.TherolethatLeopoldville'ssampleplays.

C.ThatLeopoldville'ssamplecontributestosolvingthepuzzleontheoriginofAIDS.

D.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1940s

B.1950s

C.1960s

D.mid-1980s

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheAIDSviruscomesfrommonkeysorchimpanzees.

B.TheAIDSviruswasearliestdiscoveredinKinshasa,1959.

C.BeforeLeopoldvillewaschangedintoKinshasainname,itwasacolony.

D.NootherAIDSvirusdiscoveredanywhereelsecanbeolderthantheonediscoveredinLeopoldville.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.infectotherstotakerevengeonthewholesociety

B.earnmoneytosupporthisfamily

C.makeanameforhimself

D.noneoftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段描述了Leopoldville—位看似健康的男性到醫(yī)院抽血,而后指出長達(dá)四分之一個世紀(jì)后，艾滋病研究者從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)“并不只是發(fā)現(xiàn)了艾滋病病毒這么簡單”,之后詳細(xì)介紹了該部分血液中發(fā)現(xiàn)的艾滋病毒的重要意義。因此B項(xiàng)“Leopoldville的樣本所起的作用”比較能概括文章大意。

2.判斷推理題。文章最后一句指出:...saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample'sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s(對該樣本的DNA分析將假定的艾滋病起源時間往前推了至少十年，至20世紀(jì)50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推斷過去假定的艾滋病起源時間應(yīng)該是20世紀(jì)60年代。

3.判斷推理題。A:艾滋病毒來源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根據(jù)第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans...(Leopoldville的樣本是最早的艾滋病毒單獨(dú)樣本，有助于解開艾滋病毒從動物（猴子或者黑猩猩）傳播到人類的時間和方式之謎……)”可知A項(xiàng)正確。B:艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被發(fā)現(xiàn),由第一段中的“Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS(四分之一個世紀(jì)后，也就是20世紀(jì)80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次對該部分血液進(jìn)行研究，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了體免疫缺乏癥病毒，這是一種導(dǎo)致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B項(xiàng)錯誤。C:在Leopoldville更名為Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的“Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo(地點(diǎn)：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在導(dǎo)致比屬剛果獨(dú)立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名為Kinshasa)”可知C項(xiàng)正確。D:在其他地方?jīng)]有發(fā)現(xiàn)比Leopoldville的樣本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolated....(Leopoldville的樣本是最早的艾滋病毒單獨(dú)樣本)”可知D項(xiàng)正確。故本題選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain(應(yīng)一項(xiàng)由西方國家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到醫(yī)院抽血。然后就離開了，從此再也沒有聽說過他)。A:為了通過感染他人來報復(fù)社會,B:掙錢養(yǎng)家,C:讓自己成名，均不能通過文章推斷出來。故選D。

7.單選題

Manyadvantagescomewithbeingafirst-bornchild.First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.

Thereisyetanotheradvantage:First-bornchildrenshowbettersecondlanguageskillsthanlater-bornchildren.Atleastthiswasthefindingofnewresearchinlastmonth’sissueofFrontiersinPsychology.

Thestudy,ledbyDr.KarinKellerofSwitzerland’sUniversityofBasel,examinedthesecondlanguageskillsof1209immigrantchildrenbetweentheagesoftwo-and-a-halfandthreefromSwitzerland’sGerman-speakingregionofBasel.Thestudywasadministeredviamail;parentsfilledoutasurveyaskingthemtoassesstheirchild’sGermanlanguageability.Theyalsoreporteddemographicinformationsuchashowmanyotherchildrenwereinthehousehold,birthorder,numberofbooksinthehousehold,andparentallanguageskills.

Thefindingsofthestudyareasthefollowing.First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.Thismakessomesense;onemightimaginethatlargerimmigrantfamiliesaremorelikelytopropagatethecommunicationstylesoftheirhomecountry.Furthermore,morechildrenmeanslesstimeforparentstodeveloptheirchildren’ssecondlanguageabilities.

Second,theresearchersfoundthatfirst-bornchildrenexhibitedaminor,butstatisticallysignificant,advantageintheirsecondlanguageabilities.

Whenexplainingthecausesforthelanguageabilitydifferences,theresearcherssuggestthatthedifferenceshavemoretodowithenvironmentalfactors.Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”

Kellerandherteamofresearchers,however,werequicktoputthisfindingincontext.Theynotethattheeffectisquitesmall;theywereonlyabletofinditbecauseofthestudy’slargesamplesize.Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.

Kellerandhercolleagueswrite,“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.Giventheresultsofthisstudy,promotingtheattendanceofearlyeducationinstitutionsisanefficientwayofachievingthisgoal.”

6.Whatdoweknowaboutfirst-bornchildren?

7.WhatdoesthestudyofDr.KarinKellerfind?

8.Whatisoneofthereasonsforlanguageabilitydifferencesbetweenfirst-bornsandlater-borns?

9.Whatistheimportantinformationfromthestudyaccordingtotheresearchers?

10.Whatissuggestedtohelptheimmigrantfamilies?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaremorehelpfulwithhousework.

B.Theyhaveashorterlifespan.

C.Theyseemtobestronger.

D.Theytendtobebetteroff.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Parentswithmorechildrentendtospendlesstimewiththem.

B.Immigrantfamiliespaylessattentiontotheirchildren’slanguageability.

C.Childrenwithfewersiblingshavebettersecondlanguageskills.

D.Childrenwithmoresiblingshavemorechancetopracticeasecondlanguage.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Geneticfactor.

B.Parentingmodel.

C.Resourceallocation.

D.Siblingcompetition.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Immigrantbackgroundscaninfluencechildren’ssecondlanguageability.

B.Earlyeducationcanmakeupforbirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisition.

C.Children’sintellectualdevelopmentisimportantforsecondlanguagelearning.

D.Thebirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisitiondependsonthesamplesize.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Givingfinancialsupporttothosewithfewerresources.

B.Offeringmoreopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofparents.

C.Callingoneducationinstitutionstoofferfreecourses.

D.Carryingoutmorestudiesonlanguageacquisitionabilities.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.（第一個出生的孩子往往比他們的弟弟妹妹賺更多的錢；他們更有可能獲得高級學(xué)位，他們成為總統(tǒng)、總理和諾貝爾獎獲得者的幾率略高。他們甚至比后來出生的兄弟姐妹壽命更長。）”，由此可推斷出先出生的孩子往往境況更好。A選項(xiàng)“他們在家務(wù)方面更有幫助”文章沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“他們的壽命較短”說法錯誤；C選項(xiàng)“他們看起來更強(qiáng)壯”文中也沒有提到；D選項(xiàng)“他們往往比較富裕”正確。A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.（首先，兄弟姐妹多的孩子比兄弟姐妹少的孩子表現(xiàn)出更差的第二語言能力。）”，由此可知兄弟姐妹少的孩子的第二語言能力比較強(qiáng)。A選項(xiàng)“孩子多的父母與孩子相處的時間往往更少”；B選項(xiàng)“移民家庭對孩子的語言能力關(guān)注較少”；C選項(xiàng)“兄弟姐妹較少的孩子有更好的第二語言能力”；D選項(xiàng)“有更多兄弟姐妹的孩子有更多的機(jī)會練習(xí)第二語言”，A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段寫到：Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”（他們引用了一個“資源稀釋模型”，在這個模型中，第一個出生的孩子受益于父母更多的資源投資。研究人員寫到，“每增加一個兄弟姐妹意味著分配給每個孩子的資源份額減少，從而減少了他們智力發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)?！保?。由此可知先后出生的孩子在資源分配上存在著差異。A選項(xiàng)“遺傳因素”；B選項(xiàng)“教育模式”；C選項(xiàng)“資源分配”；D選項(xiàng)“兄弟姐妹競爭”。A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.（此外，接觸早教機(jī)構(gòu)抵消了出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習(xí)得的影響。在研究人員看來，這是這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵。）”，由此可知研究中最關(guān)鍵的發(fā)現(xiàn)就是早期教育可以幫助彌補(bǔ)出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習(xí)得的影響。A選項(xiàng)“移民背景會影響兒童的第二語言能力”；B選項(xiàng)“早期教育可以彌補(bǔ)出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習(xí)得的影響”；C選項(xiàng)“兒童的智力發(fā)展對第二語言學(xué)習(xí)很重要”；D選項(xiàng)“出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z言習(xí)得的影響取決于樣本量”。A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.（考慮到移民家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)資源較少，而這些資源會影響孩子的發(fā)展水平。似乎更重要的是，有很多孩子的移民家庭得到經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持，這樣他們的孩子就能在學(xué)術(shù)生涯中獲得最好的機(jī)會。）”，由此可知移民家庭需要經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的支持。A選項(xiàng)“向資源較少的人提供財政支持”；B選項(xiàng)“為父母提供更多的發(fā)展機(jī)會”；C選項(xiàng)“呼吁教育機(jī)構(gòu)提供免費(fèi)課程”；D選項(xiàng)“開展更多的語言習(xí)得能力研究”。B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thediscussionquicklybecameavery（）argumentaboutincreasingprices.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploded

B.roaring

C.boiling

D.heated

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。exploded爆炸；roaring咆哮；boiling沸騰；heated激烈的。句意：關(guān)于價格增長的討論很快發(fā)展成為一場非常激烈的爭論。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.翻譯題

Howwouldyoucompletethissentence:“ThisisTheAgeof...”?Everygenerationofwritershasfilledinthedotsnotonlyfortheirownage,butforselectedpastages.Iwouldfillinthedotsbysayingthatthisistheageofcomputers,ormoresharply,theageofmathematizations.Thecomputeristheprimeanddrivingmechanismoftheageandinallcomputerapplicationsthereresidessomesortofmathematicalconstruction.Itisanagewhenappliedmathematizationsaffectusall,forgood,forbad,forsomewhereinbetween,andtheseeffectsmaynotdeveloporbecomeapparentforsomewhile.

Mathematicsisnowsouniversallyemployedthatitsteachingcannotbeencompassedinonedepartment.CAD/CAM(computeraideddesign/manufacture)isnowindentistry.Doesthedentistrydevelopmentrequireengineeringtalent?Shoulditstechniquesbetaughtinanengineeringdepartment?Onecantrulywonderwhatcoursesshouldcomprisethebasictrainingfortheappliedmathematicianorcomputerscientist.

Ihavespentagoodfractionofmyprofessionallifeinwhatmightbetermed“atraditionaldepartmentofappliedmathematics”.By“traditional”Imeanadepartmentthatstressesthemathematicsthatmodelsphysicalphenomena,ortoalesserextent,thatmodelssocialphenomenaviastatistics.Theword“traditional”canalsobeexplicatedbynotingthespecificcoursesthataregiveninsuchadepartment.InmydepartmentatBrownUniversity,forexample,therearegraduatecoursesinbiophysicalmodels,genomics,operationsresearch,statisticalinference,dynamicalsystems.andfluids.Thisrepresentsachangefromahalfcenturyago,whenmydepartmentwasarenownedresearchcenterforsolidmechanics:elasticity,plasticity,etc.

Theword“traditional”canalsobeexplicatedbythewell-knownparadigmaticsequence:Description→prediction→comparison→re-tinkeringthedescription.Butthereisnowanothertypeofappliedmathematicswhoseparadigmis:Prescription→adoption→surveillanceandsocietalevaluation→re-prescription.

【答案】你會怎么補(bǔ)充這句話：“這是一個_____的時代？”每一代作家不僅為自己的時代，也為所選的過去的時代填滿了點(diǎn)。我會說，這是計算機(jī)的時代，或者更確切地說，是數(shù)學(xué)的時代。計算機(jī)是這個時代的基本和驅(qū)動機(jī)制，在所有計算機(jī)應(yīng)用中都存在著某種數(shù)學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)影響我們所有人的時代，或好或壞，或介于兩者之間，這些影響可能在一段時間內(nèi)不會發(fā)展或變得明顯。

數(shù)學(xué)現(xiàn)在被廣泛使用，以至于它的教學(xué)不能集中在一個系內(nèi)。CAD/CAM（計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計/制造）現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用于牙科。牙科發(fā)展需要工程人才嗎？它的技術(shù)應(yīng)該在工程系教授嗎？人們確實(shí)想知道，應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)家或計算機(jī)科學(xué)家應(yīng)該接受哪些課程的基本訓(xùn)練。

在我的職業(yè)生涯中，我花了相當(dāng)一部分時間在一個可以被稱為“傳統(tǒng)應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)系”的院系中。所謂“傳統(tǒng)”，我指的是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)學(xué)建模物理現(xiàn)象的院系，或者在較小程度上，通過統(tǒng)計學(xué)建模社會現(xiàn)象的院系?！皞鹘y(tǒng)的”一詞還可以解釋為這樣一個系所開設(shè)的具體課程。例如，我在布朗大學(xué)的系里有生物物理模型、基因組學(xué)、運(yùn)籌學(xué)、統(tǒng)計推理、動力系統(tǒng)和流體等研究生課程。這代表了半個世紀(jì)前的變化，當(dāng)時我的系是一個著名的固體力學(xué)研究中心：彈性，塑性等。

“傳統(tǒng)”這個詞也可以用一個著名的范例序列來解釋：描述→預(yù)測→比較→重新修改描述。但現(xiàn)在有另一種類型的應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)，其范式是：處方→采用→監(jiān)督和社會評估→重新處方。

10.填空題

Itcouldperhapsbesaidthattheattractionor________someofusoccasionallyhavetowardsthosewithwealthmayhavepartiallyevolvedfromthisdynamic.(admire)

【答案】admiration

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)or，可知橫線處和attraction都是名詞，admiration意思為“贊賞，羨慕”，指的是對富人的羨慕，符合語境。

【句意】或許可以這樣說，我們當(dāng)中的部分人偶爾對富人的向往或羨慕，可能在一定程度上就是從這種相互作用的方式演變而來的。

11.問答題

(A)Defineambitionandyouinstantly(B)revealagreatdealaboutyourself:Eventhatmostneutralofworks,Webster's,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,(C)givesitselfoff,(D)definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fameandpower.”

【答案】C；改成givesitselfaway

12.單選題

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play“Possum’sUniversalRobots”.(Theword“robot”comesfromtheCzechwordfordrugery,robota.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMyriainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpiece“Metropolis”tothewitheringC3POin“StarWars”andtheruthlessassassinof“Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,coloringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsarealityTheirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall,Sony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2004,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005InAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetal,makingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating（）.

2.Sony'sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT（）.

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner（）.

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theideaofhumanoidrobots

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobots

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilms

D.Theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobots

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.walkingeverywherefreely

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C.findingitsway

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobots

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C.maybeputintomassproduction

D.mayspeaklikeman

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.in2004

B.in2005

C.between2003and2004

D.between2004and2005

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating______.1.在第1段中，作者通過引用______來介紹他的主題。

A.theideaofhumanoidrobotsA.人形機(jī)器人的想法

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobotsB.卡爾?恰佩克創(chuàng)造的機(jī)器人

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilmsC.好萊塢制作的機(jī)器人電影

D.theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobotsD.關(guān)于機(jī)器人的電影的起源和流行

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“類人機(jī)器人的想法并不新鮮。自從捷克作家卡爾?恰佩克在他1921年的戲劇《博森的全能機(jī)器人》中首次構(gòu)想出機(jī)器人以來，它們就一直是想象圖景的一部分。從那以后，好萊塢就這個主題制作了無數(shù)的變種，從弗里茨?朗的無聲杰作《大都會》中性感的FalseMyria，到《星球大戰(zhàn)》中冷酷的C3PO，再到《終結(jié)者》中冷酷的刺客。人形機(jī)器人已經(jīng)走進(jìn)了我們的集體潛意識，為我們對未來的看法增添了色彩?！?，從中可知，作者通過講述與機(jī)器人有關(guān)的電影來引入自己所要講述的話題，即人形機(jī)器人，且舉例的電影有明顯的時間線，從首次構(gòu)想到人形機(jī)器人已經(jīng)走進(jìn)了我們的集體潛意識。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“關(guān)于機(jī)器人的電影的起源和流行”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“形人機(jī)器人的想法”，這是文章的主題，不符合題干，張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“卡爾?恰佩克創(chuàng)造的機(jī)器人”和C項(xiàng)“好萊塢制作的機(jī)器人電影”表述不夠全面，以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Sony’sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT______.2.除了______，索尼的QRIO可以執(zhí)行以下所有任務(wù)。

A.walkingeverywherefreelyA.自由地到處走

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeopleB.理解人們說的一些話

C.findingitswayC.尋路

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumblesD.在它跌倒后繼續(xù)走

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Sony’sQRIO定位至第三段的描述：索尼的QRIO有2.5英尺高，比Asimo更小，更像玩具。它能走路，能聽懂少量的語音指令，還能自己導(dǎo)航。如果它摔倒了，它會站起來，重新回到原來的位置。它甚至可以無線連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，并廣播它的攝像頭眼睛看到的東西。從中可知，索尼公司的QRIO能走路，能理解少量指令，能獨(dú)立行走，摔倒后還能爬起來繼續(xù)行走。而A項(xiàng)“自由地到處走”中的everywhere表述太夸張，故該項(xiàng)不正確，但符合題意。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“理解人們說的一些話”、C項(xiàng)“尋路”和D項(xiàng)“在它跌倒后繼續(xù)走”都符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner______.3.從文章中我們可以推斷出豐田的合作伙伴______。

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobotsA.比任何其他機(jī)器人都好

B.isnomorethanamechanicdeviceB.只不過是一個機(jī)械裝置

C.maybeputintomassproductionC.會投入大量生產(chǎn)

D.mayspeaklikemanD.會像人一樣說話

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Toyota’sPartner定位至倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“豐田希望在2010年之前推出這款機(jī)器人的商用版本”，從中可知，豐田將在2010年之前對這款機(jī)器人投入量產(chǎn)。故C項(xiàng)“會投入大量生產(chǎn)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“比任何其他機(jī)器人都好”，文中并沒有將豐田的機(jī)器人與其他機(jī)器人進(jìn)行比較，無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“只不過是一個機(jī)械裝置”和D項(xiàng)“會像人一樣說話”沒有提到，無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten______.4.從上下文判斷，這篇文章可能寫于______。

A.in2004A.2004年

B.in2005B.2005年

C.between2003and2004C.2003年至2004年之間

D.between2004and2005D.2004年至2005年之間

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“本月，50個‘伙伴’機(jī)器人將在日本愛知舉行的2005年世博會上擔(dān)任導(dǎo)游”，從thismonth可推斷，本文可能寫于2005年。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“2004年”、C項(xiàng)“2003年至2004年之間”和D項(xiàng)“2004年至2005年之間”都不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

13.單選題

Theyearwas1959.Location:ThecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.AseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforaWestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinalesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquarter-centurylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofsample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecade,totheearly1950soreventhe1940s.

Overthepast15years,scientistshaveidentifiedatleast10subtypesoftheAIDSvirus.Buttheycouldn’ttellwhethertheywereseeingvariationsononechangeablevirusorthehandiworkofseveraldifferentvirusesthathadmadethejumpfromprimatestoman.AcloselookatthegeneticmutationsintheLeopoldvillesamplestronglysuggeststhatallitlooktolaunchtheAIDSepidemicwasoneunluckyturnofevents.

BycomparingtheDNAofthe1959viruswiththatofsamplestakenfromthe1980sand1990s,HoandhiscolleaguesconstructedaviralfamilytreeinwhichtheLeopoldvilleisolatesitsrightatthejuncturewherethreesubtypesbranchout.The39-year-oldspecimenisalsostrikinglysimilartotheothersevensubtypes.Theclearimplication:alltheviralstrainscanbetracedbacktoasingleeventoracloselyrelatedgroupofevents.OnetheoryisthatAIDSstartedthroughcontactwithinfectedmonkeysinaremoteareaandspreadtotherestofthepopulationthroughurbanizationandmassinoculations.

ThefindingsunderscorehowrapidlyHIVcanadapttoitssurroundings,makingitdevilishlydifficulttodevelopeffectivevaccines.NooneknowshowmanymoresubtypesofHIVwillsproutinthenext40years,butchancesarethattheywillbeeverybitaslethalastheonesweseetoday,ifnotmoreso.

1.Whatdoesthephrase“BelgianCongo”mean?

2.Accordingtothisarticle,HIVinhumanbodyoriginatedfrom______.

3.ArethetensubtypesoftheAIDSvirusvariationofone?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.BelgiumwasacolonyofCongo.

B.CongowasacolonyofBelgium.

C.BelgianCongowasanAfricanstate.

D.BelgiumandCongoweretwoseparatecountries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.animals

B.plants

C.food

D.notmentionedinthearticle

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Yes.

B.No.

C.Scientistsarenotsureaboutitatpresent.

D.Itisnotmentionedinthearticle.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alltheviralstrainscanbetracedbacktoasingleevent.

B.HIVcannoteasilyadapttoitssurroundings.

C.AIDSstartedthroughcontactwithinflectedmonkeysinaremotearea.

D.AIDSstartedthroughurbanizationandmassinoculations.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HowtoProtectYourselffromAIDS?

B.WhereDoesHIVComeFrom?

C.ClassificationofHIV.

D.WhenDidAIDSBegin?

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“BelgianCongo”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Location:ThecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.（地點(diǎn)：非洲中部城市利奧波德維爾，現(xiàn)稱金沙薩，就在比屬剛果解放后暴力叛亂浪潮爆發(fā)前不久。），比屬剛果是比利時對剛果殖民統(tǒng)治時期對剛果的稱呼，說明“BelgianCongo”是指“比利時的殖民地剛果”。因此B選項(xiàng)“剛果是比利時的一個殖民地”正確。A選項(xiàng)“比利時是剛果的一個殖民地”，C選項(xiàng)“比屬剛果是一個非洲國家”，D選項(xiàng)“比利時和剛果是兩個獨(dú)立的國家”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二句TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimalstohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.（根據(jù)上周發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的一份報告，利奧波德維爾樣本是迄今為止分離出來的最古老的艾滋病病毒樣本，現(xiàn)在可能有助于解開該病毒是如何以及何時從動物傳染給人類的謎團(tuán)。），說明人體內(nèi)的HIV來源于動物。因此A選項(xiàng)“動物”正確。B選項(xiàng)“植物”，C選項(xiàng)“食物”，D選項(xiàng)“文章中沒有提到”均不符合原文，所以B,C,D錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Overthepast15years,scientistshaveidentifiedatleast10subtypesoftheAIDSvirus.Buttheycouldn’ttell