如何構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系

如何構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系如何構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系如何構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系xxx公司如何構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度如何構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系一、明確謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的行的區(qū)別（一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表一（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式write/writeshave/haswrittenam,is,arewritingHave/hasbeenwritingwrotehadwrittenwas/werewritinghadbeenwritingshall/willwriteshall/willhavewrittenshall,willbewritingshall,willhavebeenwritingshould/wouldwriteshould/wouldhavewrittenwould,shouldbewritingshould,wouldhavebeenwriting表二（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）式時(shí)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式現(xiàn)在時(shí)amisseenareamisbeingseenarehasbeenseenhave過(guò)去時(shí)wasseenwerewasbeingseenwerehadbeenseen將來(lái)時(shí)shallseenwillshallhavebeenseenwill過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)shouldbeseenwould表三（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式一般式towritetobewritten進(jìn)行式tobewriting完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwrittenVing一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten過(guò)去分詞taken二、明確謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定與謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞否定的區(qū)別謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Hedoesn’tlikemaths.Sheisn’tcomingtomorrow.Theyhaven’tdonetheexperimentTheenginewon’tstart.Youmustn’tleavethingseverywhere.Hedidn’tplaybasketballyesterday.Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.Hetoldmenottoopenthewindow.Notwelldesigned,thebridgecollapsedsoonafteritwascompleted.Hisnotcomingontimeletmedown.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞借助于助動(dòng)詞+not來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)非謂語(yǔ)借助于not來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)三、明確主語(yǔ)與邏輯主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)ThetableismadeinChina.Hecan’tjumpthathigh.Thetallerofthetwoboysisabsent.Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Whathesaidwasrightthen.ItissaidthathewillvisitChina.It’simportantforyoutomasteraforeignlanguage.Itwascarelessofustoforgettolockthedoor.Hetoldmetoleaveatonce.Hespokeinaloudvoicetomakehimselfheard.Heofferedtohelpus.Hisleavingisagreatloss.Doyoumindme(my)smokinghereIrememberWeiFang(WeiFang’s)goingthereWalkinginthestreet,hehappenedtomeetJane.Thetreesplantedlastyeargrowwell.WhenIcametomyself,Ifoundmyselflyinginhospital.Peopletherewereallexcitedatthenews.Howabouttwoofusgoingoutforawalk四、簡(jiǎn)單句的構(gòu)成（一）簡(jiǎn)單句的構(gòu)成（時(shí)間）+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)（方式+地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間）Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.謂語(yǔ)-----時(shí)態(tài)（過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)）、語(yǔ)態(tài)（主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)）、語(yǔ)氣（陳述、祈使、虛擬）（二）五個(gè)基本句型1、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)連系動(dòng)詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下四種：

1.變化類(lèi)表事物發(fā)展變化的過(guò)程，如go,come,become,turn,grow,get,fall等。

2.感覺(jué)類(lèi)表人體部位的感受，如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。

3.狀態(tài)類(lèi)表事物所處的狀態(tài)，如keep,come,run,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove,turnout等。

4.外表特征類(lèi)表外表給人的印象，如appear,seem,look等。

連系動(dòng)詞的作用是后接形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)（如feel，get,become,grow等）外，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。2、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不及物：HelivedinBeijinglastyear.Heisspeakingintheroom.Listencarefully!WouldyougothereIfIwereyou,Iwouldgo.3、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞：?jiǎn)钨e語(yǔ)：此結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)夠成。其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須是及物的動(dòng)詞或及物的動(dòng)詞詞組。賓語(yǔ)須是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。HeisspeakingEnglishnow.Hesawafilmyesterday.ThedeskismadeinBeijing.4、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間賓（人）直賓（物）雙賓語(yǔ)：間賓（人）直賓（物）此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）組成。如，Hebringsmecookieseverymademeabeautifuldress.但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如，Hebringscookiestomeeverymadeabeautifuldressforme.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,

return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,owe,hand,pass等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,

sing,save,spare,等。5、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iconsideredhimagoodman,Heaskedmetoleave.Ifoundhimlyingontheground.注意：感官動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ookat,see,watch,notice,observe,listento,hear,feel,find,catch等。表“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞稱(chēng)之為使役動(dòng)詞，如make,let,have,keep,leave,set,send等。后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表達(dá)不同的含義。后接不帶to的不定式表示一個(gè)發(fā)生過(guò)或者還沒(méi)發(fā)生具體的動(dòng)作。后接V-ing形式表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。后接V-ed形式表被動(dòng)意義。

（三）謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系1、他躺在那里。Helaythere。2、他躺在那里望著天空。A.有連詞。Helaythereandlookedintothesky.B．沒(méi)有連詞Helaythere,lookingintothesky.Thebookwrittenbyhimsellswell.Thefallenleaveshaverotten.明確兩種關(guān)系：1、與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系（主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系）2、與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系（同時(shí)、之前、之后）例1Don'tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.【06湖北--34】A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing例2Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto____sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.【06山東--33】A.havebeenmissingB.havegotlostC.bemissingD.getlost例3________withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.【06四川--33】A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface五、并列句Itrains.Iwillstayhome.Itrained.Istayedathome.Itrainedso/andIstayedathome.并列連詞：and,or,but,so,for,when,while,neither…nor,either…or,not…but,notonly…butalso六、復(fù)合句Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.Thereare50studentsinourclass.30ofthemaregirls.Thereare50studentsinourclassand30ofthemaregirls.Thereare50studentsinourclass,30ofwhomaregirls.連詞狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間when,1.當(dāng)…..時(shí)候whenever,every(each)time無(wú)論什么時(shí)候as,當(dāng)……時(shí)候一邊…一邊since,自…..開(kāi)始till,until,直到…時(shí)候?yàn)橹筺otuntil直到…才before,after,在…之前/后assoonas,themoment,immediately,theday,theminute,thesecond一…就…once,一旦nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when一…就…地點(diǎn)Where,在…地方（特指）wherever,everywhere任何地方（泛指）條件if,unless,as(so)longas,只要onconditionthat,條件是incase,萬(wàn)一ifonly，但愿原因because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat,inviewofthefactthat(鑒于)讓步though,although,while,雖然evenif(though),即使as,雖然（需倒裝）whatever,wherever,whoever,however,nomatter+wh詞，盡管whether…or,要么…要么…despitethefactthat盡管比較as…as,notthesameas,notso…as,than方式as,theway按照asif(though)似乎，好像目的that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,恐怕結(jié)果sothat,so…that,太…以致于…ThisissointerestingabookthatIliketoreadit.such…that,ThisissuchaninterestingbookthatIliketoreadit.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞which,as,that,whose,who,whom關(guān)系副詞where,when,why名詞性從句which,that,whose,who,whom,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,where,when,why,how,however四、獨(dú)立主格Itraining,Istayedathome.Withtheproblemstosettle,thebossfeltworried.Withtheproblemssettled,thebossfeltrelaxed.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingagoodtime.A.settled B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettledWithalotofdishestowash,Icannotgowithyou.Withalotofdishestobewashed,thekitchenisoutoforder.后接V-ing形式動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postpone,resist,risk,can’tstand,suggest等。這些動(dòng)詞須接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。后接不定式與V-ing形式意義不同動(dòng)詞類(lèi)

remember,try,regret,mean,forget,stop,goon,can'thelp等后接不定式與V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，表達(dá)含義不同。見(jiàn)下表：動(dòng)詞

接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)接不定式作賓語(yǔ)can'thelp

禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事mean意味著做某事企圖（打算）做某事regret對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示后悔對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾try

嘗試做某事努力做某事remember

過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

將來(lái)的動(dòng)作goon

繼續(xù)做未完成的事情

做完一件事后，接著做另一件事forget

忘記以前曾做過(guò)某事忘記做某事stop

中斷正在做的事情中斷正在做的事去做別的事后接不定式動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：

afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,manage,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等動(dòng)詞，后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。含情感色彩的動(dòng)詞：

這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有excite,inspire,encourage,interest,satisfy,delight,please,move,frighten,surprise,amaze,astonish,shock,worry,disappoint,discourage,exhaust,puzzle,tire,terrify等。情感動(dòng)詞后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，有V-ing和V-ed兩種形式，在句中作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，V-ing形式指事物，V-ed形式則指人。帶介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)類(lèi)：

這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)有be(get)usedto,leadto,devote…to,lookforwardto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,thereisnoendto等。當(dāng)它們后面出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用V-ing形式。dress,lose,hide,seat,call,name等動(dòng)詞，可以跟人作賓語(yǔ)還可以用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。need,require,want后接ing與不定式區(qū)別根據(jù)分別作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的詞可以把語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系起來(lái)。所謂的中心就是以動(dòng)詞為核心，明確什么樣的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)（即有正確的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞形式就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）。明確謂語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，明確非謂語(yǔ)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)連詞的功能。語(yǔ)法基本就串講完了，做一個(gè)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)圖，使他們的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)化。分析長(zhǎng)句，是閱讀的基本功、寫(xiě)句子是寫(xiě)作的基礎(chǔ)，從而做到使語(yǔ)法為讀寫(xiě)服務(wù)。練習(xí)：1.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.[2007重慶卷]A.finishing B.finished C.hadfinished D.werefinished2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork________,hegladlyacceptedit.[2007安徽卷]A.finished B.finishingC.havingfinished D.wasfinished3.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.[2007山東卷]A．hasbeenlaunchedB．havingbeenlaunchedC．beinglaunchedD．tobelaunched4.—It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—_______________herthisweekend[2007全國(guó)卷I]A.WhynotvisitB.whynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon’tvisit5.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.[2007湖南卷]A.movedBmovingC.tomoveD.beingmoved6.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted______hisadvice![2007安徽卷]A.totake B.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking7.Mary,______here-everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.【06全國(guó)I卷—35】A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming8.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.[2007全國(guó)卷II]

A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose9.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.[2007上海卷]A.tobecompleted B.havingbeencompletedC.completed D.beingcompleted10.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.[2007四川卷]A．said B．says C．saying D．tosay11.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.[2007遼寧卷]A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break12.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______.[2007浙江卷]A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard13.thatshedidn’tdoagoodjob,Idon’tthinkIamablerthanher.[2007陜西卷]havesaid said say 14.______byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.[2007浙江卷]A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven15.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.[2007四川卷]A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater16.thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.A．Toensure B．Ensuring C．Havingensured. D．Tohaveensured17.—Thelastone__________________paysthemeal.—Agreed![2007全國(guó)卷I]A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving18.Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsideringtothecitycentreforthefashionshow.[2007上海春] A．togo B．going C．tohavegone D．havinggone19.Myparentshavealwaysmademe______aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.[2007江蘇卷]A.feelingwell B.feelinggoodC.feelwell D.feelgood20.—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301—Justa’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.[2007北京卷]C.toshowD.showing21.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglishinashortperiod.[2007福建卷] improve 22.ThereisnothingmoreIcantry______youtostay,soIwishyougoodluck.[2007上海卷]A.beingpersuaded B.persuading C.tobepersuaded D.topersuade23.Pleaseremain_________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.[2007山東卷]A．tosealB．tobeseatedC．seatingD．seated24.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____tomynewjob.(00N)A.expected B.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects25.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem______inhislectures.[2007江蘇卷]A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.tointerest高考單項(xiàng)選擇題的命題角度高考命題者常常利用熟悉的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，或者一些固定搭配來(lái)制造干擾，讓考生在非常神氣的心情中快速地得出錯(cuò)誤的答案。針對(duì)這種情況，我們不妨把它歸納為如下幾種情況：一、利用倒敘的手法將本來(lái)正常的表述內(nèi)容斷開(kāi)，將后半句提前。解題時(shí)可以考慮將題干撫正，或?qū)⒑蟀刖淇醋魇÷詫⑵溲a(bǔ)齊。Idon’tthinkI’llneedanymoney,butI’llbringsome_______.A.atlastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime二、利用思維定勢(shì)干擾的手法Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours______inmystudy.

A.lockingB.lockedC.tolockD.tobelocked三、利用答語(yǔ)省略---Nancyisnotcomingtonight!---Butshe___!

A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised---Hewasnearlydrownedonce.---Whenwas______---Itwasin1998______hewasinmiddleschoolA.that,thatB.that,whenC.it,thatD.it,when四、利用文化撞擊：母語(yǔ)干擾型I’llcometoseeyouif______.

A.you’reconvenient

B.itisconvenientforyou

C.youfeelconvenient

D.itisconvenientwithyou五、插入隔離Heranasfastashecould______thebus.

A.catchB.tocatchC.catchingD.caughtJimplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,Mike.A.aswell

B.aswellas

C.sowell

D.sowellas六、規(guī)則硬套型MyfriendMaryis_____beautifulgirl，_____girleveryonelikestoworkwith.

A.a,a

B.a,the

C.the,a

D.the,the

七、詞性的誤用______hewasinJapan,hevisitedmanyplaces.A.During

B.Since

C.While

D.InIwasabouttogoout______thetelephonerang.A.when

B.suddenly

C.assoonas

D.directly八、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)MrsLynnhastwodaughters_____.()，asfarasIremember，arebothworkingintheUS.who（一）明確考點(diǎn)：一、高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞歸納1、連系動(dòng)詞2、感官動(dòng)詞3、使役動(dòng)詞4、含情感色彩的動(dòng)詞5、后接不定式動(dòng)詞6、后接V-ing形式動(dòng)詞7、后接不定式與V-ing形式意義不同動(dòng)詞8、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)意義動(dòng)詞9、主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)詞10、虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞11、省略替代類(lèi)12、否定轉(zhuǎn)移類(lèi)13、帶介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)類(lèi)14、瞬間動(dòng)詞15、計(jì)劃未能實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)16、dress、seat類(lèi)二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)1、考查在語(yǔ)境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過(guò)去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過(guò)去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過(guò)去將來(lái)等。2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題。3、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5、系動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)。6、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法2、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can;could;may;might;must;should;need等表示判斷及推測(cè)與時(shí)態(tài)3、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示是語(yǔ)氣四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別；2、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與不定式的區(qū)別把握一個(gè)核心；明確兩種關(guān)系五、名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句1、考查其關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)別2、考查主謂一致3、考查名詞性從句的時(shí)態(tài)4、考查語(yǔ)序5、考查語(yǔ)氣六、狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)各種從屬連詞的含義及用法比較；狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題；狀語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題；狀語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題；狀語(yǔ)從句與其它從句的區(qū)別。七、簡(jiǎn)單句與并列句考查祈使句的用法：祈使句的構(gòu)成；祈使句的反意問(wèn)句；祈使句的回答；祈使句+and(or)+句子的用法。反意疑問(wèn)句：祈使句的反意問(wèn)句；Ithink+賓語(yǔ)從句的反意問(wèn)句；主從復(fù)合句的反意問(wèn)句；表示判斷的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的反意疑問(wèn)句。并列句：考查并列連詞的用法八、倒裝句完全倒裝、部分倒裝九、名詞考點(diǎn)名詞主要考查名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù);可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；名詞作定語(yǔ)；名詞的搭配;詞語(yǔ)辨析；近幾年高考主要考查名詞詞義的辨析從93年—06年共計(jì)32組，06年全部是詞義辨析。十、代詞考點(diǎn)：人稱(chēng)代詞：人稱(chēng)代詞的指代問(wèn)題，人稱(chēng)代詞之主、賓格的替換，物主代詞，反身代詞；不定代詞的用法比較：both,either,neither,all,any,none、some/any、one，that和it、another/other/theother/others/theothers、every和each、few,little,afew,alittle,abit;else的用法；it的用法：it作人稱(chēng)代詞,代替前面提到的事物；it作形式賓語(yǔ)、形式主語(yǔ)；Itis…that….的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；it指代時(shí)間,季節(jié),距離。十一、形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞的基本用法；形容詞和副詞的位置；形容詞和副詞的級(jí)別；常見(jiàn)形容詞和副詞的用法比較。十二、冠詞考點(diǎn)：冠詞的基本用法；冠詞泛指、特指、類(lèi)指于專(zhuān)指的區(qū)別；冠詞的習(xí)慣用法；冠詞的語(yǔ)序十三、介詞考點(diǎn)：考查介詞的基本用法；介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞搭配；with后接賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。十四、主謂一致考點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)法一致原則：用and連接兩個(gè)并列成分、介詞、with伴隨主語(yǔ)、各種代詞的主謂一致、短語(yǔ)和從句作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致；就近原則；意義一致原則。十五、交際用語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)交際用語(yǔ)命題的特點(diǎn)是靈活、短小、前后語(yǔ)連接緊湊。大于多呈現(xiàn)省略狀態(tài)，而且語(yǔ)言場(chǎng)景突出。掌握好日常交際用語(yǔ)的41個(gè)項(xiàng)目是得分的關(guān)鍵。二、備考建議（1）把握考點(diǎn)、突破重點(diǎn)、遠(yuǎn)離偏、難、怪，基礎(chǔ)和落實(shí)是關(guān)鍵（2）用好考綱詞匯，突出重點(diǎn)詞匯和高頻詞匯（尤其是活躍動(dòng)詞），強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)境用詞注意一詞多義（重點(diǎn)）(cover,run,reach,play,stand,beat,spare)固定搭配（?？紕?dòng)詞15個(gè)：take,get,bring,ask,catch,put,come,give,keep,make,break,hold,look,go,turn）＋of＋抽象名詞＋形容詞／副詞比較級(jí)，the＋形容詞／副詞比較級(jí)／no／never／nothing＋比較級(jí)4.比較級(jí)＋thananyother＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋比較級(jí)＋of．．．＋形容詞原級(jí)＋（a／an）＋名詞＋as＋形容詞／副詞原級(jí)＋as，比較級(jí)＋thansame＋名詞＋as9.倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than．．．，倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)＋as．．．，倍數(shù)＋thesize／height／length／weight／widthof．．．10.nolonger．．．／not．．．a(chǎn)nylonger11.．．．形容詞／副詞＋enoughtodosth．12.（much）too．．．todosth．13.．．．where．．．14.Howsoon．．．15.Therebe．．．16.Incase．．．17.keep／prevent／stopsb．（sth．）fromdoing（beingdone）18.have／keep／make／get／drive／send／set／leavesb．（sth．）＋賓補(bǔ)19．havesth．Done20．makeoneselfdone21．usedtodosth．22．warnsb．（not）todo／againstdoingsth．23．spend／wastetimeindoingsth．24．can'thelpdoingsth．25．sb．would（should）like（love）todosth．26．Given．．．27．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋（not）have＋過(guò)去分詞28．sothat．．．29．such．．．that．．．30．．．．till／until．．．31．．．．thefirsttime．．．32．．．．before．．．33．It＋be＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句34．Itis／wasthefirst／last／second／thirdtime＋從句35．Asisknowntoall．．．36．nomatter＋特殊疑問(wèn)詞37．What＋（a／an＋adj．）＋名詞／How＋adj．／adv．＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)38．It．．．that／what／whether／how／when．．．主語(yǔ)從句或todosth．／doingsth．39．think／make／find／feel／keep＋it＋賓補(bǔ)．．．40．Itis／was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that（who）．．．41．Only＋副詞／介詞短語(yǔ)／狀語(yǔ)從句……42．Never／Little／Nota／Hardly／Innotime／Innoway／Innocase／Seldom／Scarcely／Barely／Rarely／Nowhere／Bynomeans＋be／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)43．So＋adj．＋be／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)(倒裝)44．a(chǎn)dj．／adv．／n．＋as／though/that＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)．．．45．Nosooner．．．than／Hardly（Scarcely）．．．when（before）46．notonly．．．but（also）．．．47．Neither／Nor＋be／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)48．So＋be／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)與So＋主語(yǔ)＋be／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞49．．．．doyouthink．．．

50．Itissaid／reported／thought／believed／announcedthat．．．51．Thisis．．．speaking．52．donothingbutdosth./cannotbutdo/cannothelpbutdo/cannotchoosebutdo../havenochoicebuttodo…53．'dliketo，'dloveto，begoingto，meanto，oughtto，tryto，planto，begladto，behappyto54．I'msorry，but．．．55．Whynot＋動(dòng)詞原形56．Do／Wouldyoumind．．．57．How／Whatabout．．．58．That／Itbe＋adj．ofsb．todosth．59．prefertodosth．ratherthandosth．60．wouldratherdosth．61．Ibelieveso，Ibelievenot，Idon'tbelieveso完形填空根據(jù)2006年部分省市的高考完形的分析我們可以得出如下結(jié)論：

（一）充分利用文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。有時(shí)可能是同義詞，有時(shí)可能是反意詞。行文中的有些句意是上下對(duì)應(yīng)的，這往往也是題型設(shè)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)之一，因而把握好詞義的對(duì)應(yīng)，也是非常有利于解題的。1.…h(huán)edidnotteachmeacceptancewhenhewasstrongandhealthy,butratherwhenhewasandill.A.tired B.weak C.poor D.slow2.Thenheheardit.Hoofbeats（蹄聲）.He

(1).Therebeforehimstoodatall,white

(2).Anoldmanstareddownathimfromitsback….“Comewithme.”

Raulfollowedonhishorse.(1)A.lookedup

B.wokeup

C.laydown

D.satdown(2)A.tiger

B.horse

C.lion

D.elephant（二）注意固定的搭配。包括介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等。要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語(yǔ)。完形填空的題型設(shè)計(jì)除了考查考生對(duì)行文邏輯的把握以外，句式結(jié)構(gòu)題的設(shè)計(jì)也越來(lái)越復(fù)雜。詞語(yǔ)放在句中，就要符合詞法、句法、結(jié)構(gòu)習(xí)慣等要求。在文章中運(yùn)用基本知識(shí)，實(shí)際對(duì)考生提出了較高的要求。1.Myfatherwasonceastrongmanwholovedbeingactive,butaterribleillnessallthataway.A.took B.threw C.sent D.put2.---butitalwaysthatafterwegivesomethingup,wegainsomethingnewinitsplace.A.suggests B.promises C.seems D.requires（三）注意詞義的辯析要善于在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中把握詞匯的具體意義，通過(guò)理解詞義進(jìn)行判斷才能準(zhǔn)確的推斷空格的答案。1.Onenight,Iwenttovisithimwithmysisters.Westarted(1)aboutlife,andItoldthemaboutoneofmy(2).Isaidthatwemustveryoftengivethingsupaswegrow---ouryouth,ourbeauty,andourfriends---butitalways(3)thatafterwegivesomethingup,wegainsomethingnewinitsplace.(1)A.worrying B.caring C.talking D.asking(2)A.decisions B.experiences C.ambitions D.beliefs(3)A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything2.Thefarmernoddedinaneighborly.Iwasfilledwithpride.A.senseB.wayC.degreeD.mood（四）根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者選詞1.Tempers(脾氣)ofboththetouristsandwaitershadtomeetthesituation,makingitaratherquarrelsomeenvironment(環(huán)境).A.managed B.expected C.attempted D.risen2.Awaiterappeared.Hepausedforjustasecond,walkedintothewaterto(1)thetableandtaketheir(2),andthenwalkedbacktotheloudcheersoftherestofhis(3).(1)A.set B.wash C.remove D.check(2)A.menu B.bill C.food D.order(3)A.tourists B.customers C.fellows D.assistants3.Minuteslaterhereturnedcarryingabottleofwineandtwoglasses.Withoutpausing,hewentoncemoreintothewatertothewine.A.change B.drink C.sell D.serve（五）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)1.Ilearnedhowtoacceptlifeasitisfrommyfather.,hedidnotteachmeacceptancewhenhewasstrongandhealthy….A.Afterwards B.Therefore C.However D.Meanwhile2.ButinmostThirdWorldvillagesmotherandfatherdonotgomilesawayeachdaytoworkinoffices.,thechildseesmotherandfather,relationsandneighboursworkingnearbyandoftensharesinthatwork.A.AnyhowB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Still（六）通過(guò)理解句意進(jìn)行判斷行文中的句意是上下貫穿的，正確的把握上下句意之間的聯(lián)系，才能明確文章的行文邏輯，理解上下句意的呼應(yīng)，以便能準(zhǔn)確的選好答案。1.…aterribleillnesstookallthataway.Nowhecannolongerwalk,andhemustsitquietlyinachairallday.Eventalkingis.…Thensuddenlymyfatherspokeup.A.impossible B.difficult C.stressful D.Hopeless2.Ilookedatmysistersandsawtearsintheireyes,alongwithhopeandthankfulness.Iwasalso___byhiswords.A.touchedB.astonished C.attracted D.warned(七)根據(jù)常識(shí)以及相關(guān)的知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng)1.OnahotsummerdayinlastAugust,IsoughtshadeandacooldrinkatawaterfrontcafeonaGreekisland.Overahundreddegreesinair.A.fresh B.cool C.still D.thin2.Atawaterfrontcafeatthetablenexttominesatanattractive，well-dressedcouple,waitingfor.A.cheers B.service C.attention D.flowers做完形填空題判斷的依據(jù)：1、環(huán)境線索I’mtiredofseafood,soIdidn’teatmuch________thatday.A.vegetables B.flounder（比目魚(yú)）2、因果線索Hewasbadlyill,sohewas________.A.present B.absent3、轉(zhuǎn)折線索Hewasbadlyill,however,hewas________.A.present B.absent4、讓步線索Hedidn’t________thetest,thoughheworkedhard.A.pass B.fail5、順序線索Afterhewrotetheletter,she________itandthen________it.A.posted/signed B.signed/posted6、用途線索Ilikemy________,whichgivesmegreathelpintherain.A.umbrella B.bike C.pot7、反義詞線索Heusedtobelazy.Butnowheisquite________.A.hardworking B.handsome8、同義詞線索HemadealotofmistakesinthelasttestThistimewecanstillfind________afewinhispaper.A.quite B.only9、比較線索Weareshorterthanhe,soheisthe________amongus.A.tallest B.shortest10、一般個(gè)別線索Heisveryclever,sohe________gettheanswer.A.can B.can’t作文重點(diǎn)句型：對(duì)比議論：1、我同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Iam_________theplan.2、首先，建工廠會(huì)給人們提供不同的工作。_______,thebuildingofthefactorywillprovidepeoplewithdifferentjobs.3、其次，它可以省許多錢(qián)。______,itcansavealotofmoney.4、最后，它不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境有太大危害。________,itwon’tdomuchharmtotheenvironment.5、我反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Idon’tagree________theplan.(beagainst)6、總之，我們認(rèn)為這不是個(gè)好計(jì)劃。_______,wedon’tthinkitagoodplan.7、在我看來(lái)，它不值得做。_________thatitisnotworthdoing.8.學(xué)生的觀點(diǎn)不一致。Opinionsare_______amongthestudents.Somethinkitisgood,______believeitispoor.圖畫(huà)圖表說(shuō)明1、這幅圖畫(huà)描寫(xiě)了我們的學(xué)校生活。Thisisa_______ofourschoollife.2、有一個(gè)男孩站在那兒。Thereisaboy________there.3、有一些學(xué)生在打籃球。____________areplayingbasketball.4、百分之八十的學(xué)生喜歡校服。Eightypercent________likeschooluniforms.5、三分之一的學(xué)生住得離學(xué)校近。_________ofthestudentsliveneartheirschool.6、一半多學(xué)生要花50分鐘才能到學(xué)校。____________ofthestudentsspend50minutesonthewaytoschool.7、2008年，這個(gè)城市將會(huì)有三百萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)。There________3millioncarsinthecityin2008.8．自從1990年以來(lái)汽車(chē)的數(shù)量翻了一番。Thenumberofcarshas_______since1990.地方介紹1、學(xué)校的中央有一座教學(xué)樓。Thereisateachingbuildingin________oftheschool.2、樓的南邊有一個(gè)游泳池。Aswimmingpool_________thesouthofthebuilding.3、樓的后面有許多樹(shù)。Therearemanytrees________thebuilding.4、樓的前邊有一個(gè)小花園。_________thebuildingisasmallgarden.5、樓的對(duì)面是宿舍。________thebuildingisadorm.6、宿舍的旁邊是食堂。Besidethedorm________thedininghall.7、廚房和客廳挨著。Thekitchenstands________thelivingroom.8、墻上掛著一張世界地圖。Amapoftheworld_______onthewall.人物介紹1、他們雇了一個(gè)叫湯姆的人。TheyhiredapersonnamedTom.2、他高個(gè)子，大眼睛。Heisatallmanwithbigeyes.3、他擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。HeisgoodatEnglish.4、他閑暇時(shí)經(jīng)常聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。Heusuallylistenstomusicinhissparetime.5、他的愛(ài)好是籃球。Basketballishishobby.6、他畢業(yè)于第八中學(xué)。HegraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.7、他曾獲英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽第一名。HeoncegotthefirstplaceintheEnglishcompetition.8、他友善并且隨和。Heiskindandeasy-going.9、他經(jīng)常幫我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)。HeoftenhelpsuswithourEnglish.10、他被認(rèn)為是最好的學(xué)生之一。Heisregardedasoneofthebeststudents.活動(dòng)安排1、我們?cè)缟?點(diǎn)在校門(mén)口集合。Wewillgatherattheschoolgateatseveninthemorning.2、我們7：30出發(fā)。Wewillsetoffat7:30.3、我們將乘公共汽車(chē)去。Wewillgotherebybus.4、在那兒的飯店吃午飯。Lunchwillbeservedintherestaurantthere.5、我們將參觀那兒的工廠和學(xué)校。Wewillvisitthefactoriesandschoolsthere.6、然后，我們將和當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)民聊天。Afterthat,wewillchatwiththefarmersthere.7、一個(gè)小時(shí)后，我們?nèi)メ烎~(yú)。Anhourlater,wewillgofishing.8、我將全程陪同。Iwillbeinyourcompanyalltheway.敘述事件與寫(xiě)信1、故事發(fā)生在倫敦。ThestoryhappenedinLondon.2、起初，他沒(méi)看見(jiàn)那個(gè)人。Atfirst,hedidn’tseetheman.3、然后，他走到汽車(chē)