英語語法情態(tài)動詞講解及練習 (2)課件

情態(tài)動詞

概說：情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)，需要，可能，愿意和懷疑等。情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，但不完整，必須和主要動詞的原形一起構成謂語。常用的情態(tài)動詞有：can,could,may,might,must,haveto,oughtto,need,dare,shall,will,should,would,beableto,etc.一.can,could,beabletoI.1)can表示體力或腦力方面的能力，或根據客觀條件能夠做某事的能力。Ablindmancannotjudgecolor.Hecanspeakfivelanguages.

2)表示許可，在疑問句中表示要求，否定句中表示不許。

Can(May)Icomein?-----CanIuseyourdictionary?-----Ofcourse,youcan.Thiskindofthingcan’tgoon.3)表示可能性，常用于疑問句和否定句中，指“某事是否是事實”。Canitbetrue?Canthehallseatathousandpeople?Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?Shecan’tbehere.Hecan’tbeserious.Marycan’thavegonetherealone.4)表示溫和的命令或批評Youcangoandfetchsomewater.Youcancleanthewindowsfirst.Youcouldreadmoreinfuture.Youcouldbemorecareful.2.could1)could是can的過去時，除具有can的各種功能外，還可以用來比較委婉，客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。Couldyoucomealittleearlier?I’msorryIcouldn’tlendyouthebooknow.---CouldIborrowyourbicycle?---Yes,ofcourse,youcan.(不可用could)Icouldcomeearlier,ifnecessary.2)can和could還可表示某人或某物一時的特點，可譯為“有可能，有時會”。Hecanbeveryfriendly.Hecouldbeveryproud.Mancanbeascruelaswildbeasts.Childrencouldbeverytrying.(傷腦筋)一、can/could/beableto1.Hedidn’twanttocomewithusatfirst,butwe_____________persuadehimatlast.2.Ifthesnowcarriesonlikethis,veryfewpeoplewill_____________gototheconcert.3.Teachersshould_____________explainquestionsclearly.4.Hisfather____________speakfiveforeignlanguages.wereabletobeabletobeabletocan二.may,might

1）表示許可，允許，譯為“可以”（正式場合）Youmaytakethebookhome.Peoplemaynotpickflowersinthepark.I’dliketoaskaquestionifImayask.---MayIwatchTVtonight?---Yes,youmay.(No,youmustn’t/you’dbetternot.)---MayIsmokehere?---Yes,please./pleasedon’t.2)表示推測，“或許，可能”表示一件事或許會發(fā)生，一般用在陳述句中。Itmayraintomorrow.Theymaynotbetheretoday.Foolsmayaskquestionsmorethanwisemencananswer.Anybodymaygetill.注：may指事實上的可能性,can指邏輯上的可能性Mr.Smithlookspale.Hemaybeill.Mr.Smithisinpoorhealth.Hecanbeillatanytime.3)表示祝愿

Mayourfriendshiplivelong!Mayyousucceed!

Mayyouhaveagoodtime!Mayyoubehappy!Might:might是may的過去式，在表示可能時可以換用，但might可能性較小，或表示更婉轉的語氣。Jimmaylendyoumoney.Jimmightlendyoumoney.MightIaskaquestion?MightIaskforaphotoofyourbaby?IwonderifImightborrowsomemoney?2)must表示“偏要，偏偏”，或“（干嗎）硬要（多指不愉快的事）Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?Mustyougososoon?Thecarmustbreakdownjustwhenwewereabouttostartoff.AfterIgiveheradvice,shemustgoanddotheopposite..3)must也可表示客觀必然性，意為“必然會，總是會”。Allmenmustdie.Truthmustbeout.Wintermustbefollowedbyspring

2.must與haveto的比較：

1).haveto比較強調客觀需要，表示因客觀環(huán)境或事態(tài)促使而不得不做某事；must強調主觀看法，表示主觀上認為有必要做某事。Imustlearnanotherforeignlanguage.Youhavetolearnanotherforeignlanguageifyouwanttoworkhere.Youmustbebackbefore10o’clock.Youhavetobebackbefore10o’clockbecausethetrainistoleaveat10:15.2)haveto多表示義務或習慣動作；must則表示一種重要或急迫的事情。Youhavetocarefortheyoung.Shehastobeattheofficebeforeeighteveryday.Youmustgotothemanageratonce,oryou’llbedismissed.3）haveto可用于不同時態(tài)，可同其他情態(tài)動詞連用，而must則只有一種形式.WewillhavetobuyanotherTVset.Sheisalwayshavingtomakedecisions.Hehashadtoreconsiderhisposition.Shemayhavetostaytherelonger.Ihaveto/mustleavenow.3.need的用法：

1）作情態(tài)動詞用時，多用于疑問或否定句中。回答need提出的問句時，肯定常用must否定常用needn’t/don’thavetoYouneednotdoanythinghere.Heneverneedknow.Sheneedhardlysayanythingtohim.Idon’tthinkheneedcome.

NeedIrepeatit?Thereneedbenohurry,needthere?---NeedIgososoon?---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.2)need作情態(tài)動詞用時，也常用在if，或unless引導的條件狀語從句或wonder后面的賓語從句。IfIneedstartearly,Iwill.IwonderwhetherIneedadvisehim.Iwon’twritetoherunlessIneedwritetoher.3）needhave+過去分詞，表示不必做謀事，但卻做了,有責備之意;didn’tneed/havetodo表示不必做且沒做

Youneedn’thavetoldthemaboutit.Iinvitedonlytwoguests,soyouneedn’thavebroughtsomuchfood.Ididn’thaveto/didn’tneedtogetupearlyonSunday,soIstayedinbeduntil8o’clock.need用做行為動詞時的用法：1)needtodo;needdoing;needtobedone的用法Ineedtobuyanewdictionary.Mybikeneedstoberepaired/repairing.2)在will或shall表示的將來時中need常用做行為動詞。Youwillneverneedtoworryabouthim.Youwillneedtosaynothing四.will和would的用法：1.表示意愿意志和決心或固執(zhí)，用于非人主語時，表示固有性質，傾向Shewon’tlendmethemoney.Heisthemanwhowillgohisownway.I’ll

neverplayajokeonhim.Iwon’targuewithyou.Thewindowwon’topen.Thedoorwon’tshut.2.表示客觀事實Fishwilldieoutofwater.Oilwillfloatonwater.3.表示一種揣想，用于二，三人稱ItwillbeMr.Wangknockingatthedoor.Shewillhaveheardoftheaccident.Sorrytobelate.Youwillhavebeenwaitingforsometime.Youwillnotbefamiliarwiththeserareplants.6.表示意圖或允諾Youwillhaveyourshare.Iwilltroubleyouforthedictionary.7.表示拒絕，用won’tIwon’tlistentoyournonsense.Thedogwon’tstopbarking.8.would與will的用法基本相同，would是will的過去式。如：will表示習慣而would過去習慣；用在疑問句中would比will語氣更溫婉等差異。ItoldhimthatIwouldgoalongwithhim.I’mafraidthejourneywouldbetooexpensive.Wouldlikesomethingtoeat?WhenIwasachild,Iwouldgoswimmingeverysummer.2.用于二，三人稱，表示決心，意志，允諾，命令，警告，威脅，命運或必然的結果等。Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.（允諾）Youshallbesorryforitoneday.（警告）YoushallleavetheroomorI’llshoot.（警告）TheyshalldoasItellthem.（命令或吩咐）Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.Youshallnotsmokehere.（命令或禁止）Deathiscertaintoall;allshalldie.死必臨萬物；萬物皆會死（命運）Whotouchespitchshallbedefiled.玩火者必自焚（必然結果）24＊

ChurchillwarnedHitler“IfyoudaretoinvadeBritain,youshallpayforitwithgreatloss.＊(04湖南）

—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—Youshan’thavemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.B)should的用法1.表示勸告，建議，應該做，且有一種道義上的責任。Youshouldstudythearticlecarefully.Suchathingshouldn’tbeallowedtohappenagain.Ishouldhelphimbecauseheisintroublenow.Youshoulddoitbecauseyouhavepromisedto.2.表示對現(xiàn)在，將來，過去情況的某種推測，譯為“可能，應該，該”。Heshouldarriveatnoon.Jimshouldbeathomenow.Theyshouldhavefinishedtheworkbytomorrow.Theyshouldhavereachedthetownbynow.27should也可以用來表示“推測”，意為“可能；該”,相當于beexpectedto。往往指具有一定的客觀根據或根據推理對現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的“可能性”進行描述，語氣上不如must強。1.—WillMrWangofferusahand？

—He______begladto．Heneverrefusedourrequest．

A．canB．mustC．mayD．should

2.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos？Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They______bereadyby12：00．

A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need3．It‘snearlyseveno’clock．Jack_______behereatanymoment．

A．mustB．needC．shouldD．canDBC3.用于委婉，謙虛的提出意見，請求建議。Ishouldsayitwouldbebettertotryitagain.Ishouldthinkyouareright.I’dliketohaveatalkwithyou.4.用于疑問或感嘆句中，表示意外，驚異等情緒，與what,how,why,who連用，且問句不需回答，有些相當于修辭性問句。WhyshouldIfear?(=Idon’tfearatall.)WhatshouldIseebutmisery?=Icouldseenothingbutmisery.)Shouldwestandbyanddonothing?Shouldyoubesosilly?6.用來表示虛擬（should+do/should+havedone）

1）句中有表示命令，請求，建議，堅持等意義時，名詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬(should+do)TheteachersuggestedthatweshouldpracticespeakingEnglishasmuchaspossible.Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldgowithus.Itissuggestedthatweshouldstartworkatonce.Hemadeasuggestionthatweshouldhelpthepoor.2）在下面結構的主語從句中Itisimportant/necessary/natural/strange/apityetc用虛擬(should+do)Itisimportantthatweshouldstudyanotherforeignlanguage.Itisagreatpitythatsheshouldhavefailedtoseesuchawonderfulperformance.3)在lest,forfearthat,incase引起的狀語從句中，謂語動詞用(should+do)Heclearstheglasswithcareforfearthathe

shouldbreakit.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Theyspokeinwhisperslesttheyshouldbeheard.4)should+havedone表示過去應該做某事卻沒做。含有“責備，內疚”之意。Sheshouldhavehelpedyoualot.Youshouldhavetoldhimaboutit.Theyshould/oughttohavecomebackyesterday.

oughtto

oughtto用于表示“想必會，最好"(語氣較must弱)：他們想必已到那兒了。

Theyoughttobetherebynow.2.他最好不要抽煙了。

Heoughttostopsmoking.

多數(shù)情況下，oughtto可與should互換使用。Oughtto的反意疑問句用shouldn’t替代。比較hadbetter,should&oughtto

三者均表示建議，意為“應該”，“應當”或“最好做…”.三者的語氣程度為漸強。Hadbetter指一般性的建議，最弱。Should&oughtto含義相近，?？苫Q。區(qū)別在于，oughtto常指特殊情況下的“應當”。Should則指一般情況。見下頁例句。Yououghttohelphimbecauseheisintroublenow.(語氣強，有命令意味。)Youshouldhavearestafterfinishingyoursports.（一般性建議）Yououghttocallthepolicewhenyoufindsomethingwronginyourhouse.Heshouldtakecareofthebabiestonight.shall用于第一，三人稱疑問句，征求意見或請求shall第二，三人稱陳述句,命令,警告,允諾,威脅should表勸告，建議，命令，順理成章的＝oughtto

疑問句中常用should代替oughttooughtto表應該，語氣＞should

美語中，oughtto用于否，疑句時to可省shall,should&oughtto---Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.---You______havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.2)---Weneedapersonbadlytothinkupsuchanidea.---______thenewcomerhaveatry?3)Ican’tbelievethathe_______besorudetome.4)---Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?---“Noperson______smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”三、shall/should

shan’tShallshouldshall六.dare的用法1）dare用作情態(tài)動詞常表示現(xiàn)在或將來時間，有時也可表示過去，可用于肯定句，否定句，疑問句或if,unless等引導的從句Hedaregodeepintothemountainsalone.Shedaresaywhatshethinks.Hedarenotcriticizeher.Sheneverdarespeakinpublic.Noonedaregothere.Howdareyoudosuchathing?Dareyougohomealone?Iwonderifshedarecomehome.Iwonderwhethershedaredisclosethesecret.2)dare用作行為動詞時常用作及物動詞，表示“敢于，敢冒，敢于面對，向……挑戰(zhàn)”后可跟名詞，代詞或不定式Hedaresanydifficulties.Hedaresmetojumpoverthewall.他向我挑戰(zhàn)跳過那堵墻Hedaredtoswimintheriver.Shedidn’tdaretotellhermotheraboutit.Iwonderhowhedaredtosayso注：Dare同shall,will,should,would,have,had等連用時，常用作行為動詞.Iwillnotdaretoclimbthetree.Hewouldneverdaretodoit.Theyhaveneverdaredtoswimin

thelake.3）比較need和dare

這兩詞既可做實義動詞用，又可做情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。need作實義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時,后面的to時常可以被省略。

1)實義動詞:need+n./todosth

2)情態(tài)動詞：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為neednot。Needyougoyet?Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn't.

3)need的被動含義：need,want,require,worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動：needdoing=needtobedone

dareandneed情態(tài)動詞實義動詞肯定式

Hedarestoescape.Heneedstoescape.否定式

Hedaren’tescape.Heneedn’tescape.Hedoesn’tdare(to)escape.Hedoesn’tneedtoescape.疑問式

Dareheescape?Needheescape?Doeshedare(to)escape?Doesheneedtoescape?注意對need問句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thavetoneedn’t對其它情態(tài)動詞的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.

--Mustwedoitnow?--No,you__________.

needn’t(don’thaveto)needn’t(don’thaveto)CouldIborrowyourdictionary?(委婉)

----Yes，youcan/may.Sure.Goahead.Pleaseyourself.MayItakethisseat?(第一人稱疑問句)

Yes,youmay.No,youmustn’t.二、need/dare改錯題：1.Achildwhoisunder10yearsoldneedn’taticket.2.Idarenottogooutaloneatnight.3.Daredyoutoaskhimthequestionyesterday?doesn’tneedIdarenotgooutaloneatnight.Idon’tdaretogooutaloneatnight.

Dared

you

ask

himthequestionyesterday?

Did

you

dareto

askhimthequestionyesterday?七.情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成式的用法1.may和might+動詞完成式1）常用于推測過去的行為，表示“可能已經”Hemayhavereceivedtheletter.ItmighthavehappenedlastOctober.2）也可表示將來某時之前的情況Hemayhaveleftwhenyougetthere.Shemighthavediedbeforehereturns.3）表示現(xiàn)在已經完成的情況Hemighthavearrivednow.Shemayhavegotupnow.2.can/could+動詞完成式

1)表示本來能做而沒做的事，有一種對過去未付朱實施的事情的惋惜Icouldhavepassedtheexam,butIwastoocareless.Inthatcasewecouldhavedoneitbetter.

2）對過去某種事實或行為的推測Wherecan/couldshehavegone?3.must+動詞完成式,表示對過去行為的推斷，具有較大的可能性，譯為“一定，想必”Shemusthavegonethroughalot.她一定吃了不少苦Hemusthaveknownaboutit.4.needn’t+動詞完成式和didn’tneedtodo

1）needn’t+動詞完成式,表示一種已經做過的但并無比要的行為Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.

2）didn’tneedtodo,表示沒有必要做某事，實際上也沒做。Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit.八.情態(tài)動詞+動詞進行式該結構表示“應當正在……可能正在……”Shemightbestillthinkingofyou.Whatcan/couldshebedoingnow?Shemay/mightbewateringtheflowers.Shemustbewateringtheflowers.Shecan’tbewateringtheflowers.Sheshould/oughttobewateringtheflowers.九.1)usedto+V.(usedn’tto+V./didn’tuseto+V.

Used+S+to+V./did+S+useto+V.)2)hadbetter/best(not)+V.(Had+S+better+V.)3)wouldrather(not)+V.Youhadbetternotgobyair.Whathadwebetterdo?

Hadn’twebetterleavenow?

Hadwebetternotleavenow?

Bettersayyes,ifheasksyou.

Wouldn’tyouratherworkhere?Iwouldratherhavecomebackyesterdayafternoon.

1)Iwanttoopenthedoor,but______________(就是不開).itwon’topen2)Themanagerisn’tin,buthewillseeyouifyou______waitforhim.3)Oil______floatonwater.4)He_________beaworker,butnowhewritesnovelsathome.will四、will/would/usedto

willusedtoHemustbeadoctor,________?Hemustbereadingabookupstairs,_________?Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastnight,_________?Youmusthavestayedhereforfivedays,____________?isn’theisn’thedidn’thehaven’tyou三、情態(tài)動詞表推測時的反意疑問句:(現(xiàn)在進行時)(現(xiàn)在完成)(一般過去)(一般現(xiàn)在)Practice1:1.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.wouldD.must2.Whereismypen?I____it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost3.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeenBD

B4.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.----It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen

D6.---Didthetrainarriveintime?----No.It_______twohoursago.A.musthavearrivedB.oughttohavearrivedC.mustarriveD.oughttoarrive7."MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?"

"No,

."

A.youshouldn't

B.youmightnot

C.youneedn't

D.youmustn'tBC8.Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.He

it.

A.mustn'thaveattended

B.cannothaveattended

C.needn'thaveattended

D.wouldhavenotattendedB9.You________suchalongcomposition.Theteacheronlyaskedfor300words.Youhavewritten600.A.mustn’thavewrittenB.couldn’thavewrittenC.needn’thavewrittenD.donothavetowriteC10、——Don’tforgettobringmynewbookstomorrowafternoon.——No,I＿＿＿＿＿＿A.don’tB.can’tC.won’tD.couldn’t11.——Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.＿＿＿Ihavealook?——Yes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should12.Heseldomlistenstoothers.He＿＿＿＿＿answerforwhathehasdone.A.shallB.willC.canD.would

13.——MayIleavetheofficebefore5o’clockintheafternoon?——No,I’mafraidyou＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.needn’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn'tD.won’t14.——ShallItellJohnaboutit?——No,you＿＿＿＿.Iknowhistelephonenumber.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t15.MrBushisontimeforeverything.How＿＿＿itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must16.Theymusthavebeenherethedaybeforeyesterday,＿＿＿＿?A.mustn’ttheyB.didn’ttheyC.mustn’thavetheyD.hadthey17.——Ididn’tgotoseeheryesterday.——Oh,butyou＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A.musthaveB.oughttoC.shouldhaveD.cannothave18.——MustItakeabus?——No,you＿＿＿＿.Youcanwalkfromhere.A.mustnotB.don’tC.don’thavetoD.hadbetternotto

19.Tom＿＿＿＿＿＿＿showhisexamresultstohisparents.A.darenotB.daredC.daretoD.daresnotto20.Idon’tthinkhe＿＿＿＿＿＿＿anewbike.A.needtobuyB.needsbuyC.needD.needbuy21.——Nacy＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿theletterfromhermother.——No,shecan’thave.Thepostmanhasn’tcomeyet.A.canreceiveB.canhavereceivedC.musthavereceivedD.mustreceive

形容詞和副詞的用法1、形容詞、副詞的作用與位置（1）形容詞短語作定語，定語后置。alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh（2）表語形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語，定語后置。如amanalive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well、faint、ill只作表語。sick既可作表語又可作定語（3）用作定語，修飾由不定代詞one、no、any、some和every構成的復合詞如anything、something等時，通常后置。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.（4）else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。Somethingelse（5）enough、nearby修飾名詞前置或后置，程度副詞一般位于形容詞、副詞前面，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時，必須后置。（6）副詞作定語，定語后置。如：Thepersonthereiswaitingforyou.（7）幾個并列的形容詞作定語，其語序通常為：限定語（The、A）+描繪性形容詞+size（大?。?shape（形狀）+age（年齡、時間）+color（顏色）+origin（國籍、來源）+material（材料）+purpose（目的）+名詞。如：aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella,theman’sfirsttowinterestinglittleredFrenchoilpaintingsOpshacom中op代表opinion，指表示人們觀點的形容詞，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；sh代表shape，指表示形狀的形容詞，如long，short，round,narrow等；a代表age，指表示年齡、時代的形容詞，如old，new，young等；c代表colour，指表示顏色的形容詞，如red,black,orange等；o代表origin，指表示國籍、地區(qū)的形容詞，如British，Canadian，German等；m代表material，指表示材料的形容詞，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。（8）以-ly結尾的詞性辨析。①下列單詞以-ly結尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。②表原意（無-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副詞：deep深wide寬廣high高low位置低deeply深入地widely廣泛地highly高度地lowly地位卑微③有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞：dead完全，絕對bedeadasleepdeadly非常bedeadlytiredpretty相當beprettycertainthat…prettily漂亮地beprettilydressedclose近Don’tsitclose.closely密切地Watchclosely!late晚、遲arrivelate,comelatelately最近Ihaven’tseenhimlately(recently).2、復合形容詞的構成（1）形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted好心的，white-haired白發(fā)的(2)形容詞+形容詞red-hot熾熱的，dark-blue深藍的（3）形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking好看的，easy-going隨和的（4）副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working勤勞的，fast-moving快速轉動的（5）副詞+過去分詞hard-won得來不易的，newly-made新建的（6）名詞+形容詞life-long終生的，world-famous世界聞名的（7）名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving愛好和平的，fun-loving愛開玩笑的（8）名詞+過去分詞snow-covered白雪覆蓋的，hand-made手工的（9）數(shù)詞+名詞+edfour-storeyed4層樓的，three-legged3條腿的（10）數(shù)詞+名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）ten-year10年的,two-man兩人的3、形容詞和副詞的比較等級（1）原級的構成和用法。構成：形容詞、副詞的原級即本身。用法：表示雙方在程度、性質、特征等某方面相等時，用“as+原級形容詞/副詞+as”的結構；表示雙方不相等時，用“notso(as)+原級形容詞/副詞+as”的結構；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時，用“倍數(shù)+as+原級形容詞/副詞+as”的結構。如：XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.（2）比較級的用法。①對方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級+than”的結構表示。如：Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess+原級+than”的結構表示。如：Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.③表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、yet、byfar等修飾。如：Heworksevenharderthanbefore.注意：英語的比較級前如無even、still或yet等時，譯成漢語時可用“較”或“…一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。如：SheisbetterthanshewasyesterdayPleasecomeearliertomorrow.另注意：byfar通常用于強調最高級。用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應在二者中間加“the”。如：Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時，用“the+比較級（主語+謂語），the+比較級（主語+謂語）”的結構（意為“越……越……”）。如：Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.⑤不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時，用“比較級+and+比較級”的結構。如：Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.⑥某些以-ior結尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于……）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在……之前）等。HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.⑦倍數(shù)表達法。（A）Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）。Thenewbui9ldingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍（高三倍）。（B）Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。（C）Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.(3)最高級的用法。①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the+最高級”的結構表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。如：ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much、byfar、nearly、almost、bynomeans、notquite、notreally、nothinglike等詞語所修飾。如：Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notnearly/bynomeans/not

quite/nothinglikethebiggest.Howmuchdidthesecondmostexpensivehatcost?③表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。④形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時，被修飾的詞往往省略。如：Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.⑤作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。如：Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.

(4)形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。①形容詞最高級前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級前可不加冠詞。②形容詞最高級前有時加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“非常”。如：Heisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(amost=very)Thefilmismostinteresting.(most=very)③表示兩者間“較……的一個”比較級前加the。如：whoistheolderofthetowboys?④在“the+比較級…，the+比較級…”結構中。⑤在same前一般要加the。⑥有些形容詞前加the成為名詞。如thepoor、therich等。（5）由as/so組成的形容詞或副詞短語。asmuchas+不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量。Eachstoneweighsasmuchasfifteentons.Shecouldearnasmuchastendollarsaweek.②asmanyas+可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量多達Ihaveasamanyassixteenreferrencebooks.③asearlyas早在AsearlyasthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheisland.④asfaras遠到；就……而知（論）Wemightgoasfaras(走到)thechurchandback.AsfarasIknow（就我所知），hehasbeentherebefore.⑤may(might,could)aswell不妨、不如Thenyoumightaswellstaywithushere.⑥as…ascanbe到了最……的程度，極其Theyareasunreliableastheycanbe.他們極其不可信。⑦as…asonecanHebegantorun,asfastashecould.⑧as…aspossibleJustgetthemtofinishupasquicklyaspossible.(6)幾組重要的詞語辨析。①very和much的區(qū)別。（A）可分等級的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。(B)表示狀態(tài)的過去分詞前用very。averyfrightenedboy,averytiredchild,averycomplicatedproblem,一般的情況下，以-ing、-ed結尾的分詞多用much、verymuch/greatly等修飾。如：WeweregreatlyshockedbythenewsaboutTom.IwasmuchamusedbyJack’sattitude。(C)已轉化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：veryinteresting/worrying/exciting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.另外，在toomany/much,toofew/little前用far。There’sfartoolittleopportunityforadventuethesedays.We’vegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.（E）關于原級形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結構：（a）修飾絕對意義的形容詞，一般不用very,而用quitecompletely、well、entirely。如：quitewrong(mistaken,sure)、completelydead、quiteimpossible、quiteperfect等。（b）修飾以a-開頭的形容詞，多有特殊的修飾詞：quitealone,verymuchalone,wideawake,fastasleep,verymuchafraid。(c)修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語有：bewellworth,muchthesame,freezingcold,quitedifferent,terriblycold/frightening。②so…that…與such…that…的區(qū)別。so+形容詞/副詞+

that…so+形容詞+a（n）+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that…so+many/much/little/few+名詞+that…such+a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that…such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that…such+形容詞+復數(shù)名詞+that…注意