大學(xué)英語四級考試翻譯練習(xí)十

大學(xué)英語四級考試聽力備考筆記⑷找工作的步驟：1、搜集信工作息，bulletinboard公告板flier傳單2、打電話確認(rèn)工作是否還available：makeaphonecallo3、準(zhǔn)備工作簡歷resumev.重新開始;n.個人簡歷。4、面試interview：需攜帶證書certificates;需出示身份證明identification;判斷你是否具有qualification;出示推薦信referrencelettero注意發(fā)音：keys-kisssheep-shipsteel/steal-stillbreakup分手;下課=letusout下一課（meet上課）makeup重歸于好oldflame舊情人date約會abigdate玩通宵的約會ablinddate被人介紹的第一次約會（相親）standsb.up約會爽約，放鴿子注:must表猜測。語氣題：重復(fù)反問型：第二個人用不可思議的語氣重復(fù)第一個人話中的詞,認(rèn)為第一個人的表達(dá)的程度不恰當(dāng)，然后進(jìn)一步申述自己的意思。在四級考試中重復(fù)的多是形容詞，認(rèn)為程度不夠。例句1：A:It'sabitwarmouttoday.B:Warm?Youcanfryaneggonthesidewalk.例句2：A:Maryseemshappywithhergrades.B:Happy?Shecouldhardlycontainherse工作場景：1、找到工作高興。2、失去工作傷心。3、拒絕工作令人奇怪。聽力中的虛擬語氣：與過去相反：mighthave/couldhave/shouldhave把后面內(nèi)容反過來為正確選項。2、與現(xiàn)在相反：ifIwereyouIwould應(yīng)理解成youshould語氣詞總結(jié)：1、糟糕系列：It'stoobadWhatapityTuffluck.It's(really)tuff.Ohno.UhuhShitFuck2、吃驚系列：（Oh）Boy!（Oh）Man!Ohmy!Ohdear!OhmyGod/Goodness.Wow!3、贊美系歹U：wonderfulterrificmyfavoritecoolsupercoolultracool4^贊同和否定系列：Yeah.Youbet.Uhhuh.Nope.5^臟話系歹U：dummyidiotmoronjerkassholes.o.b.=sonofbitch注：1.DoyoumindifI...生活中常常省略為MindifI...回答相反。Notatall.理解成no節(jié)日：Christmas圣誕節(jié);Valentine'sDay情人節(jié)健忘表達(dá)方式：forgetful:Heisforgetful.Isn'theforgetfull?（有責(zé)備的語氣）Howforgetfulheis!（語氣更強(qiáng)）absentminded表示人內(nèi)向：shyembarrassedkeeptooneselfkeepone'smind/thoughttooneselfconscious（streamofconsciousness意識流）self-conscious自我意識注：bedroom臥室livingroom起居室，客廳restroom廁所住房場景：1、房子難找。2、房子太貴。3、房子太吵。段子題：詞匯（很少考生詞含義）題材（拋棄題材，注重結(jié)構(gòu)）抓共性，總結(jié)規(guī)律（一）解題步驟Proceduretofollow：1、看選項：找相同的詞;找數(shù)字在聽題之前先看選項。四個選項縱向看，找相同的詞，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞一定是段子所敘述的對象，確定文章的論述范圍、論述主題。另外如果選項中有數(shù)字,迅速記下來，段子題中聽到什么數(shù)字選什么，原則上不考數(shù)字計算。如P64Testl4的第一個段子。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)類型：1、介紹型introduction：介紹新的概念。說明起源、發(fā)展過程、現(xiàn)狀、展望未來，對我們的影響和用途（正負(fù)兩方面）?！韭犃χ谐？肌?、討論型discussion：根據(jù)問題進(jìn)行討論，分析原因一、原因二，最后說明如何解決。2、聽兩頭：選熟悉的選項。文章的兩頭是一篇文章的重點，文章的開頭是觀點(Idea),即文章的Topic。而中間是細(xì)節(jié)，是用來支持觀點的論據(jù)(examples)。聽段子，聽結(jié)構(gòu)。文章的開頭與結(jié)尾要出考題。一般正確選項基本會是原文的重現(xiàn)(copy)。所以，能作到邊聽邊記。結(jié)尾提示詞：⑴有重復(fù)詞出現(xiàn)。⑵表結(jié)果連詞出現(xiàn)：therefore,so,that,asaresult等。做題原則：聽到什么選什么。1、適合邊聽邊看選項：選項短，問的是細(xì)節(jié)題，問題的順序與行文順序一致。2、集中精力聽完文章：選項長，主線題，問的是中心思想。大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀講義（五十三）Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:UniversityPhysicsisintendedforstudentsofscienceandengineering.Primaryemphasisisonphysicalprinciplesandproblem-solving;historicalbackgroundandspecializedpracticalapplicationshavebeengivenaplaceofsecondaryimportance.Manyworked-outexamplesandanextensivecollectionofproblemsareincludedwitheachchapter.Inthisnewedition,thebasicphilosophyandoutlineandthebalancebetweendepthoftreatmentandbreadthofsubject-mattercoverageareunchangedfrompreviouseditions.Wehavetriedtopreservethosefeaturesthatusersofpreviouseditionshavefounddesirable,whileincorporatinganumberofchangesthatshouldenhancethebook'susefulness.考試大Thetextbookisadaptabletoawidevarietyofcourseoutlines.Theentiretextbookcanbeusedforanintensivecoursetwoorthreesemestersinlength.Foralessintensivecourse,manyinstructorswillwanttoomitcertainchaptersorsectionstotailorthebooktotheirindividualneeds.Thearrangementofthiseditionfacilitatesthiskindofflexibility.Inanycase,itshouldbeemphasizedthatinstructorsshouldnotfeelconstrained（受約束的）toworkstraightthroughthebookfromcovertocover.Manychaptersare,ofcourse,inherentlysequentialinnature,butwithinthisgenerallimitationinstructorsshouldbeencouragedtoselectamongthecontentsthosechaptersthatfittheirneeds,omittingmaterialthatisnotrelevantfortheobjectivesofaparticularcourse.^^Thistextbooklaysstresson.theexplorationofphysicalprinciplestheprinciplesofphysicsandtheirapplicationthedevelopmentofphysicsD)theapplicationofphysicsindifferentfieldsComparedwiththeoldone,thisnewedition.hasbeenmademoreapplicableiseasiertolearncoversawiderrangeofsubjectmatterhasimprovedthebalancebetweentheoryandpracticeOneofthefeaturesofthistextbookisthat.somecontentsaredealtwithintermsofphilosophyithasanoutlineforeachchapteritintroducesthephysicalprinciplesingreatdepthitcanbeusedfordifferentcoursearrangementsThewords''Conversely,however”(para.4,line1)indicatethat.manytopicscanbeemphasizedthoughtheywerenotcoveredintheoldeditionmanytopicscanbeemphasizedthoughtheywereusuallyomittedbyinstructorsmanytopicshavebeenaddedtotheneweditionastheywerenotcoveredintheoldonemanytopicshavebeenaddedtotheneweditionthoughtheycanbeomittedbytheinstructorsTomeettheneedsofaparticularcourse,theteacherofthisbookcanomitsomeofthecontentsprovidedthat.A)hisselectionisbasedontherequestofhisstudentshisstudentsareparticularlyintelligenthekeepsaneyeontheinternalrelationsbetweenthechapters^^大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀學(xué)習(xí)筆記(10)WhichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureofthenursingsystematBethIsraelHospital?Thedoctorgetsmoreactiveprofessionalsupportfromtheprimarynurse.Eachpatientistakencareofbyaprimarynursedayandnight.Theprimarynursewritescareplansforeverypatient.Theprimarynursekeepsrecordsofthepatient'shealthconditionseveryday.注：第三段末句，B選項dayandnight,C選項everypatient,D選項everydayItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.inmosthospitalspatientcareisinadequatefromtheprofessionalpointofviewinmosthospitalsnursesgetlowsalaries注：1.推理題，正確答案為原文內(nèi)容的同義改寫。2.A項中的patient為耐心的，混淆"病人"意思3.inadequate不完善的，B項為文章第二句的同義改寫句NursingatBethIsraelHospitalproducesthebestpatientcarepossible.Ifwearetosolvethenursingshortage(不足)，hospitaladministrationanddoctorseverywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsrael'sexample.同類型題：ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings(測深)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas.tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceanstocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimalstoestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemadetomeasurethedepthsoftwooceansAprimarynursecanproposeadifferentapproachoftreatmentwhenthepresentoneisrefusedbythepatientthepresentoneprovestobeineffectivethepatientisfoundunwillingtocooperate注：第三段第二句Themaindifferencebetweenanurse-managerandaheadnurseisthattheformer.isamemberoftheMedicalExecutiveCommitteeofthehospitalhastoarrangetheworkshiftsoftheunit'snursescanmakedecisionsconcerningthemedicaltreatmentofapatienthasfullresponsibilityintheadministrationoftheunit'snurses注：1.倒數(shù)第二段，former前者指代nurse-manager,反義latter后者2.A選項為竄段選項,B與黑體部分矛盾。D選項對應(yīng)劃線部分。大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀講義（五十九）四、簡答題全真題ShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)赧IonceknewadognamedNewtonwhohadauniquesenseofhumour.WheneverItossedoutaFrisbee(飛碟)forhimtochase,he'dtakeoffinhotpursuitbutthenseemtolosetrackofit.Movingbackandforthonlyayardortwofromthetoy,Newtonwouldlookallaround,evenupintothetrees.Heseemedgenuinelypuzzled.Finally,I'dgiveupandheadintothefieldtohelphimout.ButnosoonerwouldIgetwithin10ft.ofhimthanhewouldruninvariablystraightovertotheFrisbee,grabitandstartrunninglikemad,lookingoverhisshoulderwithwhatlookedsuspiciouslylikeagrin.Justabouteverypetownerhasastorylikethisandiseagertoshareitwithanyonewhowilllisten.Onveryshortnotice,TIMEreporterscameupwith25storiesaboutwhateachisconvincedisthesmartestpetintheworld.Amongthem:thecatwhoclosesthedoorbehindhimwhenhegoesintothebathroom;thecatwhousesatoiletinsteadofalitterbox...andflushesitafterward;thedogwhogoeswildwhenheseeshisownerputtingonbluejeansinsteadofadressbecausejeansmeanitistimetoplay;andthecatwhousedtowaitpatientlyatthebusstopeverydayforalittlegirl,thenwalkherthesixblockshome,andso0n.考試大Thesebehavioursarecertainlyclever,butwhatdotheymean?WasNewtonreallydeceiving?Canacatreallydesireprivacyinthetoilet?Inshort,dohouseholdpetsreallyhaveamentalandemotionallife?Theirownersthinkso,butuntilrecently,animalbehaviourexpertswouldhavegonemadonhearingsuchaquestion.Theworstsinintheirmoralvocabularywasanthropomorphism（擬人化），projectinghumantraitsontoanimals.Adogoracatmightbehaveasifitwereangry,lonely,sad,happyorconfused,butthatwasonlyintheeyeoftheviewer.Whatwasgoingon,theyinsisted,wasthatthedogorcathadbeenconditioned,throughaperhapsunintentionalseriesofpunishmentsandrewards,tobehaveinacertainway.Thebehaviourwasamechanicalresultofthetraining.Questions:WhatdidNewtonseempuzzledabout?歙際源。WhydoestheauthorsayNewtonhaduniquesenseofhumour?^^Whatbeliefaboutpetbehaviourwasunacceptabletoexpertsofanimalbehaviour??^Whatistheexplanationofanimal-behaviourexpertsforthe“clever”behaviourofpets?大學(xué)英語四級考試翻譯練習(xí)四練習(xí)四Directions:Readtheunderlinedsentencescarefully,andthentranslatethemintoChinese.Youmaycheckyouranswersafteryoufinishthem.PassageOneAnybodyover70whowasbroughtupinacountryv川ageortownfindsthesocialcustomsofyoungpeopletodaystrangelyfamiliar.Inthe1800/s,itwasnormaltohaveboysandgirlspairoffinamoreorlessstablefashion,andsuchpairingoftenendedinmarriage.Butthemajorityofgirlswerenotpopular.Theydreadedbeingneglectedinparties.Itmaybethatthelesspopulargirlsweretheoneswhoslowlycreatedthepresentdemocraticsystem,underwhichanygirlwithasteadyisjustaswelloffasanyothergirlwithasteady（'情彳呂）.Sinceeachboywantsasteady,too,andsincethenumberofboysandgirlsareaboutequal,everybodyseemsbetteroffatpresent.Ontheotherhand,girlswouldinsistthatthenewsystemwascreatedbytheboyswhoareaggressive,possessive,andjealousofallrivals.PassageTwoItremainstobeseenwhetherthereservesofrawmaterialswouldbesufficienttosupplyaworldeconomywhichwouldhavegrownby500%.South-EastAsiaalonewouldhaveanenergyconsumptionfivetimesgreaterthanthatofWesternEuropein1970.Incidentally,iftheunderdevelopedcountriesstartedusinguppetrolatthesamerateastheindustrializedareas,thenworldreserveswouldalreadybeexhaustedby1985.Allthisonlygoestoshowjusthowimportantitistosetupaplantoconserveanddivideupfairlynaturalresourcesonaworld-widescale.Thisisamatteroflifeanddeathbecauseworldpopulationisexplodingatanincrediblerate.Bythemiddleofthenextcenturypopulationwillexpandeveryyearbyasmuchasitdidinthefirst1500yearsafterChrist.Inthesouthern,poor,partsoftheglobe,thefiguresareenoughtomakeyourhairstandonend.Evensupposingthatstepsaretakentostability（穩(wěn)定）worldpopulationintenext50years,thenumberofinhabitantspersquarekilometerwillincreasebyfrom4intheUnitedStatesto140inSouth-EastAsia.Whatcanwedoaboutit?Inthefirsthypothesis（假設(shè)）wedonothing.Bytheyear2000,thesouthernpartsoftheworldthenhaveapopulationgreaterthanthetotalworldpopulationtoday.Calcuttawouldhave60millioninhabitants.Itisunthinkable.Alternatively（或）,wecouldstartactingrightnowtobringbirthsundercontrolwithin15yearssothatpopulationlevelsoff.Eventhenthepopulationinthesouthernareaswouldnotstopgrowingfor75years.PassageThreeOneofthemostinterestingparadoxes（逆說）inAmericatodayisthatHarvardUniversity,theoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates,isnowengagedinseriousdebateaboutwhatauniversityshouldbe,andwhetheritismeasuringup.LiketheRomanCatholic（天主教的）Churchandotherancientinstitutions,itisasking-stillinprivateratherthaninpublic-whetheritspastassumptionsaboutfaculty,authority,admissions,coursesofstudy,arereallyrelevanttotheproblemsofthe1980?s.ShouldHarvard-oranyotheruniversity-beanintellectualsanctuary（圣壇）,apartfromthepoliticalandsocialrevolutionoftheage,orshoulditbealaboratoryforexperimentationwiththesepoliticalandsocialrevolutions,orevenanengineoftherevolution?ThisiswhatisbeingdiscussedprivatelyinthebighousesoffacultymembersaroundtheHarvardYard.TheissuewasdefinedbyWalterlippmannadistinguishedHarvardgraduate,severalyearsago.“Iftheuniversitiesaretodotheirwork,"hesaid,“theymustbeindependentandtheymustbedisinterestedTheyareplacestowhichmencanturnforjudgementswhichareunbiasedbypartisanshipandspecialinterest.Obviously,themomenttheuniversitiesfallunderpoliticalcontrol,orunderthecontrolofprivateinterest,orthemomenttheythemselvestakeahandinpoliticsandtheleadershipofgovernment,theirvalueasindependentanddisinterestedsourcesofjudgementisweakened-"ThisispartoftheargumentthatisgoingonatHarvardtoday.Anotherpartistheargumentamongthestudentsthatauniversityisthekeeperofouridealsandmorals,andshouldnotbe“disinterested“butactivistinbringingthenation'sidealsandactionstogether.大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀講義(五十六)Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whateverthecause,theeffectcanbedevastating.AsanAmericanwoman,youhaveanalmostnine-out-of-tenchanceofendingupalone.Eitheryourmarriageisoneofthefourintenthatwillbebrokenupbydivorce,oryouwilloutliveyourmalepartnerbyfourtosixyears—evenlongerifyouareyoungerthanhe(andyouprobablyare).Anddon'tdeceiveyourself.Widowsaren'tallblue-hairedladiesplayingmahjong(麻將)inMiami.They'realsoyourfiftyishbigsistersfromcollege.Whetherbydeathordivorce,youwilllikelysomedaybesolelyresponsibleforyourfinancialsecurityandwell-being.Ifyouaren'tpreparingforthat,youareathighriskofoutlivingyourassets.ThreeoutoffourolderpoorAmericansarefemale.Thispassageismainlyabout.thecauseandeffectofwomen'snotsavingmoneywomen'slowpositioninthesocietywhywomenearnlessthanmenthereasonwhywomendonotsavemoneyWhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?40%Americanfamiliesendindivorce.AmongtheolderpoorAmericans,75%arefemale.Everywomanhastoberesponsibleforherownlivingatoldage.Awomangenerallysurvivesherhusbandby4~6years.AccordingtoAdeleMorrissette,women.shouldnotworktoohardpaymoreattentiontomakingthansavingmoneyshouldthinkoutbetterwaystomakemoneyaresobusythattheyarenotabletomakemoneyThemainideaofparagraph2is.ifawomandoesnotsavemoney,shewillloseherpropertyawomanwillhavetoliveonherownwhenherhusbanddiesorwhenshegetsdivorced90%AmericanoldwomenlivebythemselvesawomanshouldsavemoneyforherpossiblefutureindependenceInparagraph3line2"thelanguage“mostprobablymeans.humanspeechingeneralthespeechusedbythemenlivinginthatsocietythespecialtermsconcerningfinancialmatters大學(xué)英語四級考試翻譯題型講解（二）11.IfIhadrememberedtoclosethewindow,（小偷就不會進(jìn)來）.1例Ineverforget（第一次和你見面）..Maryrushedintotheroom,（抱著一個大紙箱）..Aminuteagotheoldlady（撕開信封）withgreatexcitement..Mywashingmachinebrokedownthismorning.（我打算明天把它送去修理）..Thereportsaidthatthesamplewaterhadtoomuchleadinit,（可能對我們的健康有害）..（盡管不富裕）,theyfeelquitesatisfiedwiththeirstandardoflivingcondition..（我以前常去看電影），butInevergetthetimenow..Thepicturesmake（孩子們理解文字更容易）.大學(xué)英語四級考試聽力精講(5)一、各題主題揭示對話主題將各題所考查的主題內(nèi)容結(jié)合在一起，往往可得出整篇對話的主題。如果某一題目是考查對話主題，其中的一個選項明顯能夠概括其他各題選項的內(nèi)容，那么該選項很可能為答案。二、選項均以動詞的某種形式開頭含有這類選項的問題為考查“行為活動”類型。根據(jù)動詞的不同形式，問題考查的重點也可能不同。選項均以動詞原形開頭，問題大多是關(guān)于建議某人做某事，有時也表示為了某種目的而要做某事。選項均為動名詞，問題大多是關(guān)于正在進(jìn)行的動作或者計劃打算。選項為不定式，問題很可能是關(guān)于做某事的目的，或是計劃、承諾或要求做某事。三、選項中含有表示意愿或建議的詞如果選項中含有should,hadbetter,wouldlike等一類的詞語，問題很可能是考查“觀點或建議”。四、選項中含有表示評論或感受的動詞如果選項中含有think,like,dislike,enjoy,agree,disagree,mind等一類的詞語,聽力材料或問題很可能是關(guān)于對某人或某事物的評價或感受。四個選項中如均含有表示評論或感受的詞，則表示問題是關(guān)于對人或事物的評價或感受;如其中只有個別選項含有表示評論或感受的詞，則表示聽力材料中很可能涉及到對人或事物的評價或感受，問題內(nèi)容則不一定會涉及。五、選項中含有比較結(jié)構(gòu)如果選項中含有形容詞或副詞的比較級或級，或是其他表示比較的詞語，則聽力材料或問題很可能涉及人或事物之間的異同點或優(yōu)劣的比較。四個選項中如均含有比較級或表示比較的詞，則表示問題是關(guān)于人或事物之間的比較;如其中只有個別選項中含有比較級，則表示聽力材料中很可能涉及到人或事物之間的比較，問題內(nèi)容則不一定會涉及。六、選項均為名詞性短語如選項均為概括性較強(qiáng)的名詞或是名詞性的短語，且各項內(nèi)容差異較大，問題則很可能是關(guān)于對話所談?wù)摰闹黝}或?qū)υ捴谐霈F(xiàn)的某一事件或問題的主題。七、與對話主題或其余選項內(nèi)容不同的選項往往不是答案如果某一選項明顯與對話主題不相關(guān)，那么該選項往往不是答案。如果某一選項明顯與其他三個選項內(nèi)容不同，即與該題主題明顯不相關(guān)的選項往往不是答案。八、包含其他選項內(nèi)容的選項往往不是答案有的選項明顯包含其他選項的含義，那么該選項往往不是答案。九、明顯不符常理的選項往往不是答案選項明顯不符合該對話情景下的常識或常理，那么該選項往往也不是答案。十、意思相近的選項往往都不是答案如果有兩個選項意思明顯相近，那么這兩個選項往往都不是答案。其他：每遇到問答的形式都是考官青睞的考點，而且考試的重點往往落在答語上每一方面的內(nèi)容只考察一道題目，而且出題的順序和文章的順序是一致的在對話的開頭部分一定會出題目。大學(xué)英語四級考試翻譯練習(xí)十練習(xí)十Directions:Readtheunderlinedsentencescarefully,andthentranslatethemintoChinese.Youmaycheckyouranswersafteryoufinishthem.PassageOneAsearlyas1830,whenonly26,heisfoundadvisingBenjaminAustintocarefullykeephislettersforhisdescendents.FortunatelyAustinandothersfollowedhisadvice.Asaresultover10,000lettersinhisownhandhavesurvived,quiteapartfromdictatedlettersandothermemoranda.Disraelirarelykeptadiary,andpouredhisthoughts,desiresandreflectionsintohiscorrespondence.Whattreasurestherelieinstore!Weleavehimin1837withhislonged-forelectiontoParliament,butaheadseemingappearthehighpeaksofhiscareerwiththetwinmountainsofhistwopremiershipsandhisfriendshipwiththeQueenVictoriahadlargelybeendestroyed,butthiswasnotso.Anew,brightandsearchinglightwilleventuallyshineonthatextraordinarypoliticalandromanticrelationship.Theconceptofobtainingfreshwaterfromicebergsthataretowedtopopulatedareasandaridregionsoftheworldwasoncetreatedasajokemoreappropriatetocartoonsthanreallife.Butnowitisbeingconsideredquiteseriouslybymanynations,especiallysincescientistshavewarnedthatthehumanracewilloutgrowitsfreshwatersupplyfasterthanitrunsoutoffood.Glaciersareapossiblesourceoffreshwaterthathavebeenoverlookeduntilrecently.Three-quartersoftheEarth'sfreshwatersupplyisstilltiedupinglacialice,areservoirofuntappedfreshwatersoimmensethatitcouldsustainalltheriversoftheworldfor1,000years.Floatingontheoceanseveryyearare7,659trillionmetrictonsoficeencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.Hugeglaciersthatstretchovertheshallowcontinentalshelfgivebirthtoicebergsthroughouttheyear.Icebergsarenotlikeseaice,whichisformedwhentheseaitselffreezes;rather,theyareformedentirelyonland,breakingoffwhenglaciersspreadoverthesea.Astheydriftawayfromthepolarregion,icebergssometimesmovemysteriouslyinadirectionoppositetothewind,pulledbypiecesofice,icebergshavebeenknowntodriftasfornorthas35degreessouthoftheequatorintheAtlanticOcean.Tocorralthemandsteerthemtopartsoftheworldwheretheyareneededwouldnotbetoodifficult.Thedifficultyarisesinothertechnicalmatters,suchasthepreventionofrapidmeltinginwarmerclimatesandthefunnelingoffreshwatertoshoreingreatvolume.Buteveniftheicebergslosthalfoftheirvolumeintowing,thewatertheycouldprovidewouldbefarcheaperthanthatproducedbydesalination,ofremovingsaltfromwater.PassageThreeThereisperhaps,noothersportintheworldquitesoexcitingasskiing.Forviewers,itisaspectacleofunsurpassedbeauty.Forskiers,itisavividpersonalexperience,athrillingtestofmind,muscle,andnerves.Andmoreandmore,Americansarediscoveringthisthrillforthemselves.Nottoolongago,skiinghadvirtuallynopartintheAmericansportsscene.Ifitwasthoughtofatall,itwaspurelyasaEuropeansport.Thencamethe1932WinterOlympicsatLakePlacid,NewYorkAmericansgottheirfirstgoodlookatskiingandmadeforthehills.Todayskitrainsmakeregularrunsfromourcitiestothegreat,whiteoutdoors.LodgesandChaletsdotthemountainsidesofferingskiersthewarmthoftheirfiresides.ThespecialthrillofskiingiswelldescribedbyBuddyWerner.r/ltisalluptoyou,”hesays."Noteammatescanhelp.You'realone.Itsyouagainstthesnow,themountains,theterrain,yourself.You'reawarrior/7PassageFour大學(xué)英語四級考試聽力精講⑷四級考試短對話聽力共由8組短對話構(gòu)成，每組對話為一個話輪（通常由一男一女各讀一句），對話后有一個針對對話內(nèi)容提出的問題?？忌韪鶕?jù)所聽到的錄音內(nèi)容，從試卷上提供的四個選項中選出一個答案?？荚嚂r，每組短對話和問題只朗讀一遍，每個問題后留有15秒答題時間。短對話聽力部分的取材一般為考生比較熟悉，與考生學(xué)習(xí)、生活或與工作、旅游等密切相關(guān)的常見話題。技巧1聽到什么不選什么嚴(yán)格來說，“聽到什么不選什么”是一個頗有風(fēng)險的“技巧”。可是，正如風(fēng)險投資一樣，風(fēng)險越高，回報率也就越高。此外，由于短對話很"短"，來來回回就兩三句話，考點挖掘的余地全在對話的幾個詞。因此，命題者必然要在選項上做文章，如通過將原文的詞匯加以組合，拼湊成與原文“貌合神離”的干擾選項，讓沒有聽懂全文、只聽到個別詞句的考生上當(dāng)受騙。而正確答案往往是原文的同義替換（或解釋說明）。"聽到什么不選什么”這一技巧尤其適用于一些比較簡單的短對話！技巧2答非所問，必有弦外之音在段對話中，如果一個說話人使用了一般疑問句，第二個說話人該怎樣回答呢?通常來說，第二個說話人應(yīng)該用Yes或No——剛開始學(xué)英語的時候，老師就教我們這一點了。然而，在短對話聽力中，我們經(jīng)常聽到的卻是Yes或N。的變體，即回答中不僅沒有出現(xiàn)Yes或N。,而且有時候還會用問句來回答問句!這時，出題人往往會考查對第二個說話人回答的理解。一般來說，如果第二個說話人對第一個說話人的一般疑問句不作直接回答，則通常表示第二個說話人對第一個說話人所提及的內(nèi)容持一種否定態(tài)度，或者是一種帶條件的肯定態(tài)度。正確答案即可由此選定。技巧3簡單回答不簡單短對話聽力考試中，有時對于第一個說話人的提問或者聲明，第二個說話人的回答會包含"簡單回答+詳細(xì)解說"兩部分。其中，簡短回答部分是日?？谡Z，容易聽懂;然而后面緊跟著的解說部分則往往較長，且充滿了種種艱深的詞匯，令人費解。若詳細(xì)解說前沒有but,則解說部分是對前面簡短問題的補(bǔ)充說明;若詳細(xì)解說前有but,則屬于"中but題"，解說部分含義與簡短回答部分相反，由此可推出答案。通常來說，第二個說話人的簡短回答是其完整回答的“先遣部隊”，對理解對話、解答問題具有重要的價值，應(yīng)留意。技巧4直接排除語義相近選項當(dāng)四個選項中有兩個（以上）選項在意思上相同或相近時，可以初步排除這兩個（以上）的（同）近義選項，再帶著預(yù)先的期待聽錄音，往往事半功倍。本技巧特別適合邏輯分析能力比聽力能力強(qiáng)的考生。技巧5形態(tài)相似的選項預(yù)示答案四個現(xiàn)象中如果只存在一組形似，答案極可能是其中之一，可帶著這個預(yù)選的答案去聽錄音，做到有的放矢。技巧6語義對立的選項預(yù)示答案四個選項中如果存在兩個意思相對的選項，答案可能居于其一，可帶著這個期待去聽錄音，往往收效甚佳。大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀講義(三十六)Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat.customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehaviorthestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustompeoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlookcustomhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinkingWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichheisborn.Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingsofagroupofpeople.Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.Theword“custom“inthispassagemostprobablymeans.theconceptofthetrueandthefalseofasocietytheindependentlydevelopedsocialorderstheadjustmentoftheindividualtothenewsocialenvironmentAccordingtothepassage,aperson'slife,fromhisbirthtohisdeath,isconstantlyshapingtheculturaltraditionsofhispeopleispredominatedbytraditionalcustom考試大D)ischieflyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundhim.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis.tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustomstostressthestronginfluenceofcustomsonanindividualtoexaminetheinteractionofmanandsocialcustomstoshowman'sadjustmenttotraditionalcustoms大學(xué)英語四級考試迷你對話學(xué)口語（1）迷你對話：火上加油Youshouldnothavecriticizeyoursoninfrontofhisfriends.你不應(yīng)該當(dāng)著你兒子的朋友的面批評他。Why?Hedidsomethingwrong.為什么?他做錯事情了呀。A:Iknow.Butatthattimeyourblameisrubbingsaltintohiswounds.我知道，但是你的批評是火上加油。Ionlywantedtohelphim.我只想幫助他。Butitisnottherighttime.但是時機(jī)不對。對話精講第一、地道表達(dá).習(xí)慣用語rubsaltintoone'swounds.解詞釋義該習(xí)語的字面意思是“往傷口上撒鹽"，引申為"火上加油""雪上加霜"""加深某人的創(chuàng)傷”等意思。其英文解釋為：tomakeadifficultsituationevenworseforsomeoneo.支持范例Torubsaltintoherwounds,hebegantolaughather.為了加深她的創(chuàng)痛，他開始嘲笑她。Losingwasbadenough,havingtowatchthemreceivingthetrophyjustrubbedsaltintothewound.失利已經(jīng)讓我們夠難受的了，看到他們領(lǐng)獎讓我們感到更加難受。第二、詞海拾貝infrontofsb：當(dāng)眾，當(dāng)面e.g.Heenjoysposturinginfrontofanaudience.他喜歡在觀眾面前裝腔作勢。e.g.lnfrontofmelaythewholevalleylikeanuntouchedparadiseonearth.展現(xiàn)在我面前的是整個山谷，猶如一個沒人到過的人間天堂。e.g.Thegoodharvestsceneemergesinfrontofus.豐收景象在我們面前展現(xiàn)出來。e.g.Canyoumakeoutwhothosepeoplearestandinginfrontofher?你能認(rèn)出站在她前面的那些人是誰嗎？2.righttime：適宜的時間，時機(jī)，恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r間e.g.Hecamejustattherighttime,neithertooearlynortoolate.他來的正好，既不早也不晚。e.g.Hehasthefacultyofsayingtherightthingattherighttime.他有在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r候說恰當(dāng)?shù)脑挼牟胖?。這場雪很及時。e.g.ThecallcameattherighttimeforVictor.這個任命的時間對維克托而言是恰到好處。第三、句海拾貝Sbshouldnothavedonesomething.⑴使用情境在描述某人在過去不應(yīng)該做的事情而做了，不應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事情而發(fā)生了的時候，可以用這個句型。⑵支持范例Heshouldnothavequarreledwithhisboss.他本不應(yīng)該和自己的上司吵架的。大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀筆記(22)Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage:By"...challengesexplanation"(Line2,Para.1)theauthormeansthatnoexplanationisnecessaryforsuchanobviousphenomenonnoexplanationhasbeenmadeuptonowit'snoeasyjobtoprovideanadequateexplanationit1shightimethatanexplanationwasprovided注：詞匯題大學(xué)英語四級閱讀超級攻略Thethirdparagraphismainlyaboutthedevelopmentofbabies'earlyformsoflanguagethedifficultiesofbabiesinlearningtospeak注：段落主題題Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthesecondparagraphistoshowthatchildren.usuallyobeywithoutaskingquestionsarepassiveintheprocessoflearningtospeakareborncooperativelearntospeakbylistening注：段落主題題Fromthepassagewelearnthat.earlystarterscanlearntospeakwithinonlysixmonthsimitationplaysanimportantroleinlearningtospeakchildrenhavevariousdifficultiesinlearningtospeak65.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.HowBabiesLearntoSpeakEarlyFormsofLanguageAHugeTaskforChildrenNoiseMakingandLanguageLearning注：標(biāo)題題Itis,everyoneagrees,ahugetaskthatthechildperformswhenhelearnstospeak,andthefactthathedoessoinsoshortaperiodoftimechallengesexplanation.注：1.everyoneagree大眾觀點2.challenge挑戰(zhàn)，難以解釋By"...challengesexplanation"(Line2,Para.1)theauthormeansthatnoexplanationisnecessaryforsuchanobviousphenomenonnoexplanationhasbeenmadeuptonowit'snoeasyjobtoprovideanadequateexplanationit'shightimethatanexplanationwasprovided注：1.首句提出的觀點和事實是矛盾的關(guān)系，所以選C2.no+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)是絕對化選項，不選，所以排除A和B項t'shightimethat早該做…后面接虛擬語氣Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Individualchildrenvarygreatlyintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlatestartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill"obey"spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughthewordobeyishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,many