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DesignMetricsHistoryMoore’sLawIn1965,GordonMoorepredicted:

numberoftransistorsdoubledevery18months.Moore’sLawElectronics,April19,1965.TransistorCounts1,000,000100,00010,0001,00010100119751980198519901995200020052010808680286i386i486Pentium?Pentium?ProK1BillionTransistorsSource:IntelProjectedPentium?IIPentium?IIICourtesy,IntelMoore’slawinMicroprocessors40048008808080858086286386486Pentium?procP60.0010.010.1110100100019701980199020002010YearTransistors(MT)2Xgrowthin1.96years!TransistorsonLeadMicroprocessorsdoubleevery2yearsDieSizeGrowth40048008808080858086286386486Pentium?procP611010019701980199020002010YearDiesize(mm)~7%growthperyear~2Xgrowthin10yearsDiesizegrowsby14%tosatisfyMoore’sLawCourtesy,IntelFrequencyP6Pentium?proc486386286808680858080800840040.111010010001000019701980199020002010YearFrequency(Mhz)LeadMicroprocessorsfrequencydoublesevery2yearsDoublesevery

2yearsCourtesy,IntelDesignMetricsHowtoevaluateperformanceofadigitalcircuit(gate,block,…)?CostTime-to-MarketReliabilityPerformancePowerDissipation&EnergyCostofIntegratedCircuitsNRE(non-recurrentengineering)costsdesigntimeandeffort,maskgenerationone-timecostfactorRecurrentcostssiliconprocessing,packaging,testproportionaltovolumeproportionaltochipareaNRECostisIncreasingDieCostSingledieWaferFromGoingupto12”(30cm)CostperTransistor0.00000010.0000010.000010.00010.0010.010.1119821985198819911994199720002003200620092012cost:￠-per-transistorFabricationcapitalcostpertransistor(Moore’slaw)YieldDefectsaisapproximately3Time-to-MarketProductivityTrends1101001,00010,000100,0001,000,00010,000,000200319811983198519871989199119931995199719992001200520072009101001,00010,000100,0001,000,00010,000,000100,000,000LogicTr./ChipTr./StaffMonth.xxxxxxx21%/YpoundProductivitygrowthratex58%/YpoundedComplexitygrowthrate10,0001,0001001010.10.010.001LogicTransistorperChip(M)0.010.11101001,00010,000100,000Productivity(K)Trans./Staff-Mo.Source:SematechComplexityoutpacesdesignproductivityComplexityCourtesy,ITRSRoadmapDesignAbstractionLevelsn+n+SGD+DEVICECIRCUITGATEMODULEIP“IntellectualProperty”

AProtocolProcessorforWirelessReliability―

NoiseinDigitalIntegratedCircuitsi(t)InductivecouplingCapacitivecouplingPowerandgroundnoisev(t)VDDPowerDissipationP6Pentium?proc486386286808680858080800840040.1110100197119741978198519922000YearPower(Watts)LeadMicroprocessorspowercontinuestoincreaseCourtesy,IntelWatts5KW18KW1.5KW500W40048008808080858086286386486Pentium?proc0.111010010001000010000019711974197819851992200020042008YearPower(Watts)PowerdeliveryanddissipationwillbeprohibitiveCourtesy,IntelPowerdensity40048008808080858086286386486Pentium?procP61101001000100001970198019902000

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