新人教版英語《江西中考新突破》訓(xùn)練話題十三衛(wèi)生與健康【含解析】

話題十三衛(wèi)生與健康(Hygieneandhealth)Ⅰ.完形填空ADanielGreen,81,couldnotbelieveitwhendoctorssaidhisheartratehaddroppedtojust26beatsperminute,__1__thantheworld'stopplayersatrest,35bpmand33bpm.TheGuinnessWorldRecord__2__isMartinBrady,45,ofGuernsey,whorecordeda__3__of27bpm.Mr.Greenwashavingacheck－upwhen__4__saidhisrestingratewas36bpmbutdroppedto26.DoctorsonlyrealizedMr.Green'sheartrateafterthey__5__himupwithamachine.Theadultman'sheartbeatsat72bpm—it'srightfromaround60bpmto100bpm__6__ondifferentactivities.MrGreen'sperfecthealthcomesfromdaily__7__.Hehasnotbeento__8__since1976,whenhehadabadcold.Hesaid,“Icouldn't__9__itwhenthedoctors__10__me.Ididn'tthinkanybodyeverreallynoticemyheartrate.”“Thedoctorexaminedme__11__andsaidmyheartratewas__12__26beatsperminute.Butthere's__13__toworryabout—I'mstillingoodhealth，”hesaid.“Igoforhour－longwalkseverymorninganddosomelightexercisewithweightsatleastthreetimesaweek.Theytoldmea(an)__14__hasaheartrateofjust28beatsperminute,soIthinkI'mas__15__asanelephant，”headded.B．lowerC．fasterD．smallerB．studentC．holderD．lawyerB．brainC．heartbeatD．breathB．a(chǎn)ctorsC．teachersD．doctorsB．clearedC．cheeredD．checkedB．livingC．workingD．lookingB．restC．sleepD．newsB．hospitalC．storeD．houseB．mindC．believeD．a(chǎn)greeB．talkedC．toldD．spokeB．differentlyC.luckilyD．happilyB．justC．soonD．moreB．a(chǎn)nythingC．nothingD．everythingB．tigerC．lionD．monkeyB．lonelyC．busyD．healthy【文章馬虎】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了一位英國老人丹尼爾格林的心跳速率為每分鐘26次，打破了世界最慢心跳的紀(jì)錄，讓醫(yī)生們?yōu)橹痼@。格林先生把自己擁有這樣低的心跳速率歸功于每天的鍛煉。【答案精析】1．B觀察形容詞的比較級(jí)辨析。higher“更高的”；lower“更低的”；faster“更快的”；smaller“更小的”。前文提到他的心跳是“26beatsperminute”，經(jīng)過與后文的比較“theworld'stopplayersatrest,35bpmand33bpm”，可知，他的心跳速率更低，應(yīng)選B。2．C觀察名詞辨析。player“運(yùn)動(dòng)員”；student“學(xué)生”；holder“保持者”；lawyer“律師”。此處是指MartinBrady是吉尼斯紀(jì)錄的保持者，應(yīng)選C。3．C觀察名詞辨析。pressure“壓力”；brain“大腦”；heartbeat“心跳”；breath“呼吸”。文章介紹心跳速率的比較，故此處表示MartinBrady保持了吉尼斯紀(jì)錄每分鐘27次的心跳，應(yīng)選C。4．D觀察名詞辨析。people“人們”；actors“演員”；teachers“教師”；doctors“醫(yī)生”。結(jié)合上下文語境可知，格林先生做檢查的結(jié)果是醫(yī)生告訴他的，應(yīng)選D。5．D觀察動(dòng)詞辨析。cleaned“打掃”；cleared“清理，除去”；cheered“喝采，振奮”；checked“檢查”。結(jié)合上下文語境可知醫(yī)生們在用儀器對他檢查此后才意識(shí)到他的心率，應(yīng)選D。6．A觀察動(dòng)名詞辨析。depend“依靠，取決于”；live“居住，生活”；work“工作，從事”；look“看”。depend可與后文on搭配，表示取決于，結(jié)合語境可知此處表示正常的心率范圍每分鐘是60到100次，取決于從事的不相同活動(dòng)。應(yīng)選A。7．A觀察名詞辨析。exercise“鍛煉”；rest“休息”；sleep“睡眠”；news“新聞”。由后文說他每天從事各種運(yùn)動(dòng)可知此處表示，格林先生圓滿的健康狀況本源于平常鍛煉，應(yīng)選A。8．B觀察名詞辨析。school“學(xué)?！?；hospital“醫(yī)院”；store“商店”；house“房子”。由上文他經(jīng)常鍛煉身體，可知自從1976年以來當(dāng)他感冒時(shí)，他從未去過醫(yī)院，應(yīng)選B。9．C觀察動(dòng)詞辨析。think“想，認(rèn)為”；mind“介意”；believe“相信”；agree“同意”。結(jié)合上下文語境可知當(dāng)醫(yī)生告訴他時(shí)，他不敢相信這件事。應(yīng)選C。10．C觀察動(dòng)詞辨析。said“說”，后接說話的內(nèi)容；talked“發(fā)言”；told“告訴”；spoke“說話”，后接說的某種語言。此處是指醫(yī)生告訴“我”心率的這件事，故tell符合語境，應(yīng)選C。11．A觀察副詞辨析。carefully“小心地，仔細(xì)地”；differently“不相同地”；luckily“好運(yùn)地”；happily“快樂地”。由上下文醫(yī)生告訴他心率可知這是仔細(xì)檢查的結(jié)果，應(yīng)選A。12．B觀察副詞辨析。so“這樣”；just“不過，只”；soon“不久”；more“更多”。醫(yī)生告訴他，他的心跳只有每分鐘26次，這是一個(gè)很低的數(shù)字，應(yīng)選B。13．C觀察不定代詞辨析。something“一些事情”；anything“任何事情”；nothing“沒有什么事情”；everything“所有事情”。由后文他說自己依舊很健康，可知他認(rèn)為這沒有什么好擔(dān)憂的，應(yīng)選C。14．A觀察名詞辨析。elephant“大象”；tiger“老虎”；lion“獅子”；monkey“猴子”。由后文“asanelephant可知”此處應(yīng)選A。15．D觀察形容詞辨析。easy“簡單的”；lonely“孤獨(dú)的”；busy“忙碌的”；healthy“健康的”。由前文說他經(jīng)常鍛煉保持健康，且大象的心率跟他的心率湊近可知，他說自己跟一頭大象相同健康，應(yīng)選D。B請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其馬虎，爾后用方框中所給的詞的合適形式填空。每個(gè)詞限用一次。activeanotherlaughfatworrybecauseasincreasechooseharderThesedays,adultsareworriedaboutthegrowingnumberofkidswhoareoverweight.Mostpeoplewhoareoverweighthavetoomuch1__fat__.Thenumberofoverweightkidshas2__increased__alotoverthelast30years.That'sbadnews3__because__beingoverweightcanleadtohealthproblems.Overweightkidsalsomaybe4__laughed__atbyotherkidsorfeelsadaboutthewaytheylook.Mostkidssaiditwas5__harder__foroverweightkidstomakefriends.Solotsofkidssaidtheyhadtriedtoloseweight.Eatinghealthyisusuallythebestway.Ifkidsare6__worried__aboutweight,expertssuggesttheythinkaboutwheretheyshouldgoforanswers.Theycantalktoanurseoradoctor7__as__thebesthelp.Doingsportsis8__another__rightwaytoloseweight.Therearemanywaystostay9__active__：dancing,running，orevenwalkingaroundthemall.Makeexercisefunby10__choosing__activitiesyoulike.Walkyourdoginthemorningorhelpyourmomdohouseworkintheevening.【文章馬虎】本文是一篇說明文。越來越多的孩子體重超標(biāo)，肥胖會(huì)影響孩子的健康，可能被其他孩子恥笑，還影響他們結(jié)交朋友，好多孩子說他們想法減肥，而健康飲食和鍛煉平常是最好的減肥方法?！敬鸢妇觥?．fat由havetoomuch可知此處應(yīng)填不能數(shù)名詞，fat有“脂肪”的意思。由句意“大多數(shù)肥胖的人有太多脂肪?！笨芍頵at。2．increased句意為“肥胖少兒的數(shù)量在過去的的過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此應(yīng)填increased。

30年里已經(jīng)增加了好多?！?/p>

has后接動(dòng)詞3．because空格處前后兩句話為完滿的句子，再由句意可判斷前后兩句是因果關(guān)系，因此填連詞because。句意為“那是糟糕的信息，因?yàn)榉逝謺?huì)以致健康問題?！?．laughed由后文，肥胖的孩子會(huì)因其他孩子對他們的看法感覺沉痛可知，肥胖的孩子可能會(huì)被其他孩子諷刺。laughat“諷刺”，為固定短語，be動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填

laughed。5．harder

由此句的結(jié)構(gòu)：

It's＋形容詞＋

forsb.

＋

todosth.

可知此處表示“大多數(shù)孩子說，交朋友對肥胖孩子來說更加困難”。故填

harder。6．worriedbeworriedabout“對擔(dān)憂”，為固定短語。句意為“若是孩子對他們的體重感覺擔(dān)憂，專家建議他們考慮應(yīng)該去哪里追求方法?！惫侍顆orried。7．a(chǎn)s

結(jié)合上下文語境可知他們能夠跟醫(yī)生或護(hù)士發(fā)言作為最好的幫助。

as

表示“作為，看作”吻合語境。8．a(chǎn)nother前面提到“Eatinghealthyisusuallythebestway.方法。故填another。

因此做運(yùn)動(dòng)是”另一個(gè)減肥的好9．a(chǎn)ctive后文“dancing,running，orevenwalkingaroundthemall”都是一些積極的活動(dòng)，stay“保持”，是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，此處表示有好多保持積極的方法。故填active。10．choosingby是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞－過選擇你喜歡的活動(dòng)使運(yùn)動(dòng)變得幽默。故填Ⅱ.閱讀理解

ing形式，結(jié)合上下文語境可知此處表示，你能夠通choosing。AAnewschooltermbegins.Isanythingnewatyourschool?Sichuanstudentsaregettinganextrahourtosleepinthemorning.Thisyear,Sichuanschoolsdecidedthatstudentsshouldstartclasseslater.Thisshouldhelpthemfeellesstired.Forjuniorhighschools,thefirstclasswillbeginnoearlierthan8：30am.Thechangeshavemadestudentshappy.LiuXian,15,saidhisclasswasexcitedaboutthenewsonthefirstdayofschool.“It'ssogoodwecangetuplater!”saidLiu.LiustudiesinChengduNo.4MiddleSchool.Heusedtogetupat6：40am.Nowhecangetupat7：40ambecausethefirstclassdoesn'tstartuntil8：40am.WuHongli,15,saidthenewtimetableisgoodforherhealth.“IusedtodrinkcoffeeeverynightorIwouldfeeltoosleepytodomyhomework，”saidWu，“NowIcanfinishitwithoutcoffee.”Sheusedtogetupat6：30am.Nowshecangetupat7：30am.WuHongli'smotherwashappy,too.Shethoughtmoresleepwouldhelpherdaughtergrowtaller.Butsomeparentsworriedthatmoresleepwouldmeanlesslearning.Thereusedtobefiveclassesinthemorning.Nowthereareonlyfour.Manyteachers,though,saythechangeswillhelpstudentslearnbetter.“Studentsusedtodoze(打盹兒)forthefirsttwoclassesinthemorning,”saidWuZongping,anEnglishteacheratChengduNo.12MiddleSchool.“Butnowtheylookfineandtheylearnmuchbetterthanbefore.”(D)1.WhatmadetheSichuanmiddleschoolstudentshappy?A．Thenewschooltermbegan.B．Theirschoolstookonanewlook.C．Theyfeltalittlebittired.D．Theycouldgetuplater.(B)2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extraaccording”meantothepassage?A．LessB．MoreC．NewD．Old(D)3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“itaccording”refertothepassage?A．Coffee.B．Housework.C．Timetable.D．Homework.4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheteacher'swords?A．Shedidn'tlikethechanges.B．Shecouldusethetimetableeasily.C．Shespokehighlyofthechanges.D．Shelookedfinewhenshetaught.【文章馬虎】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了四川一些學(xué)校的新規(guī)定：清早上課時(shí)間推遲一個(gè)小時(shí)。同時(shí)介紹了學(xué)生、家長和老師對此新舉措的看法?！敬鸢妇觥?．D推理判斷題。由第三段“Thechangeshavemadestudentshappy.可知是這”些改變使學(xué)生快樂。再由第一段第二句“Sichuanstudentsaregettinganextrahourtosleepinthemorning.和第”二段第三句“Forjuniorhighschools,thefirstclasswillbeginnoearlierthan8：30am.”可知，這一新規(guī)定帶來的好處就是他們能更晚起床。2．B詞義猜想題。less“更少的”；第五段第二、三句“Heusedtogetupat6

more“更多的”；new“新的”；old“舊的”。由：40am.Nowhecangetupat7：40ambecausethefirstclassdoesn'tstartuntil8：40am.”可推知在學(xué)校新規(guī)推行此后，學(xué)生清早能夠多睡一個(gè)小時(shí)，故選B。3．D單詞指代題。由前一句話“IusedtodrinkcoffeeeverynightorIwouldfeeltoosleepytodomyhomework.”可知，以前要靠喝咖啡來提神完成作業(yè)，現(xiàn)在能夠不用喝咖啡完成作業(yè)了。故it指代“家庭作業(yè)”。4．C推理判斷題。由老師的話中“nowtheylookfineandtheylearnmuchbetterthanbefore”可推知老師持贊美態(tài)度。B請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其馬虎，爾后依照短文內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇五個(gè)還原到文中，使短文意思暢達(dá)、結(jié)構(gòu)完滿。Therearealotofdiscussionsthesedaysabouthealthykids.Herearesomerulestoliveby,ifyou'reakidwhowantstobefit.1__E__Ifyoueatdifferentfoods,you'remorelikelytogetdifferentnutrientsyourbodyneed.Eatatleastfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesaday—twofruitsandthreevegetables.Drinkenoughmilk.2__G__Andmilkisagreatdrinktohavecalcium.Howmuchdokidsneed?Ifyouareyoungerthan9yearsold,drink3cupsofmilkperday.3__A__4__D__ThemoretimeyouspendonTV,DVDsorplayingvideogames,thelesstimeyouspendonoutdoorgames,suchasbasketball,bikeriding,andswimming.Beactive.Askyourparentstohelpyoudoyourfavoriteactivities.Findwaystobeactiveeveryday.5__B__Soyoucanchooseoneofthemandfollowyourparentswhentheysayit'stimetostopwatchingTVorplayingcomputergames!A．Youcanmixitupwithsomeothercalcium－richfoods.B．Youmightevenwritedownalistoffunthingstodo.C．Youshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeonoutdooractivities.D．Controlscreentime.E．Eatdifferentfoods.F．Kidsliketoeatnewfood.G．Kidsneedcalciumtobuildstrongbones.【文章馬虎】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了若是想做健康的孩子，請依照以下建議：吃不相同食品攝取人體所需營養(yǎng)；喝足夠的牛奶，促進(jìn)骨骼生長；控制屏幕時(shí)間；積極參加戶外活動(dòng)?！敬鸢妇觥?．E由后文內(nèi)容“若是吃不相同種類的食品，就更有可能獲得身體所需要的不相同的營養(yǎng)成分?！蹦軌蚋爬ù硕握f的是要吃不相同的食品。應(yīng)選E。2．G

由后文所說“牛奶是含鈣量豐富的飲品”可知

G選項(xiàng)“鈣能夠幫助骨骼發(fā)育”吻合語境。3．A段末的空白處應(yīng)圍繞前文所述，前文是說喝牛奶補(bǔ)鈣促進(jìn)骨骼發(fā)展，A選項(xiàng)中說能夠跟其他含鈣豐富的食品混雜在一起,it指代的是milk,邏輯關(guān)系和句意皆吻合上下文語境。4．D段首設(shè)空應(yīng)看本段的后文，后文是說看電視玩電腦游戲的時(shí)間應(yīng)該控制好，因此，本段的主題句應(yīng)該是D選項(xiàng)。5．B由后文“Soyoucanchooseoneofthem能夠得出”前文說了一些能夠選擇的活動(dòng)，而B選項(xiàng)中有“alistoffunthingstodo與后文內(nèi)”容響應(yīng)。Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全對話請閱讀下面對話，依照對話內(nèi)容補(bǔ)上所缺的句子，使對話暢達(dá)、合理，意思完滿。(每空一句)W：Goodmorning,doctor.M：Goodmorning.Sitdown,please.Youdon'tlookwell.What'sthematter?W：Ihaveasorethroat.M：Haveyougotafever?W：1__Yes,__I__have.Mytemperatureisalittlehigh.M：Howlonghasitlasted?W：2__Since__yesterday.Iwascaughtintherainyesterdayafternoon.WhenIgothomeIwasallwet.M：Didyouhaveanymedicine?W：No,Ididn't.3__What__should__I__do__now?M：Youshoulddrinksomehotteawithhoney,andtakethemedicine.It'sgoodforyourthroat.W：4__Can__I__go__to__school__as__usual?M：Ofcourse,youcan,ifyoudon'twanttobeabsentfromschool.It'snotthatserious.W：5__Thank__you,__doctor./Thanks__a__lot,__doctor.M：You'rewelcome..書面表達(dá)同學(xué)們馬上就要進(jìn)入高中了，你們將迎來更多的時(shí)機(jī)和挑戰(zhàn)。你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？你認(rèn)為哪些優(yōu)異的習(xí)慣能夠幫助你在高中階段更上一層樓？請結(jié)合下面圖表寫一篇發(fā)言稿。提示：1.短文應(yīng)包括圖表中的所有信息，條理清楚，行文連結(jié)，可合適發(fā)揮想象；2.短文中不能夠出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名和地名；3.詞數(shù)很多于80，開頭、結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dearstudents，Haveyougotreadyfortheseniorhighschoollife?Nowletmetellyousomethingabouthowtogetgoodhabitsinyournewstudylife.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________