現(xiàn)代造船技術(shù)-3rdlecture

Modern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyUnit5TechnologyModernShipConstruction

TechnologyModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyShipbuilding

essential

factor

means

the

indispensablecondition

for

shipbuilding

production

activities.

There

are

5important

shipbuilding

essential

factors.Fund:

loan

shipbuilding,

owner

installment.Labor:

manual

labor

(blue-collar)

and

mental

labor(white-collar).Material:

steel,

outfitting

material,

parts,

electricequipment,

instrument

etc.Equipment:

hydraulic

facilities,

process

equipment.Place:

must

have

some

place

near

water

way.Shipbuilding

Essential

FactorModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyShipbuilding

cost

comes

from

labor

cost,

material

costand

management

cost.

It

is

usually

85%-95%

of

the

shiporder

price.Labor

cost:

salary,

bonus,

and

other

labor

fee.Material

cost:

material

purchase

fee,

equipment

runningcost,

parts

and

energy

consumption

etc.Management

cost:

design

fee,

administration

cost,equipment

depreciation,

interest

payment

and

tax

etc.Shipbuilding

CostModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyProfit

= e

-

CostCost

=

Constant

Cost

+

Variable

CostConstant

Cost:

independent

of

number

of

ships,

likeequipment

depreciation,

administration

cost.Variable

Cost:

depend

on

number

of

ships,

like

materialpurchase

fee,

labor

cost.Reduce

cost

could

increase

profit.ProfitModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyBreak

even

balance

graphThe

best

benefit

pointProfitModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyProfitP

I

x

C

xP:

profit

I:

e C:

cost x:

number

of

shipsThen,

on

the

following

condition:dI

x

dC

x

dx

dxWe

can

get

the

best

benefit

point.Modern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyAncientShipbuilding

TechnologyDugout

canoeWooden

boatWooden

sailboatAncient

shipyardModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyDugout

canoe

of

8000

years

ago,

unearthed

in

Xiaoshan,

HangzhouDugout

canoeModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyTri-board

wooden

boatWooden

BoatModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyWooden

SailboatModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyWooden

Sailboat“Z”

trail

against

the

windLap

joint Butt

jointPlate

connection

technologyWooden

Sailboat

TechnologyModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyWooden

Sailboat

Technology

in

ChinaModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyWooden

Sailboat

Technology

in

EuropeModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyWooden

Sailboat

Technology

in

EuropeModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyAncient

Longjiang

Shipyard

in

NanjingModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologySteel

vessels

and

steel

motor

boatsLarge

sailboat

In

1590Speedster

sailboat

in

1850Steelboat

in

1858Seagoing

passenger

ship

in

1907Seagoing

passenger

ship

in

1952in

1976Modern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyDevelopment

ofhull

manufacturingtechnologyFull

Rivet

connectionRivet-weld

connectionOnly

weld

connectionModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyTraditional

ship

construction

technologyHull

constructionInherit

wooden

boat

construction

techniques,

lay

keel

-

setframe

-

paste

s

plate.Outfitting

technologyAfter

nearly

completed

hull

construction,

start

to

outfitaccording

to

ship

systemsPainting

skillFor

surface

treatment

of

steel,

before

70s

20

century,basically

used

manual

beating

and

shoveling

method.

Afterthat,

step

by

step,

started

to

use

compressed

air

spurtingyellow

sand

to

clean

rust.Modern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyTraditional

ship

construction

technologyModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyHull

constructionHull

block

construction

–

unit

assembly

–

outfitting

in

thedock

-

launchingPre-outfittingtechnologyBefore

unit

assembly,

pre-install

some

equipment,machineries,

deck

outfitting,

pipes

and

cable

brackets

etc.Modern

painting

skillAfter

70s

20

century,

start

to

use

steel

pretreatment

flowline:

rolling

surface,

rust

cleaning, coating

and

drying.Modern

ship

construction

technologyModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyModern

ship

construction

technologyModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyDevelopment

ofmolding

andsteel

cutting

technologyFull-scale

molding–1:1

full-scale

molding,

draw

cubic

linesaccording

to

real

size

of

ship

on

molding

floorplatform,

then

smooth.Model-scale

molding–On

molding

floor

platform

shorter

than

shiplength,

use

1:2

model-scale

molding

only

inlongitudinal

direction,

still

use

1:1

scale

ontransverse

and

vertical

directions.Mathematic

molding–Use

mathematic

method

to

smooth

lines

and

partsspread

on

computers.Modern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyUnit

construction

shipbuilding

technologyModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyKnowledge-based

equipmentWith

the

rapid

development

oftechnology,knowledge-based

equipment,automaticmachinesare

coming

true.Knowledge-based

equipment

includes

two

parts:hardware

andsoftware.Modern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyKnowledge-based

equipmentHardwareSoftwareModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyVirtual

reality

shipbuilding

enterprise

utilizes

high-techmeans

to

integrate

real

firms

around

the

world

asaorganized

union

league,

like

shipyards,

support

firms,s,

design

institutes

etc.“Virtual

service

system”

and

“virtual

user

system”

achieveinformation

liaison

and

process

management.Need

a

shared

compute

system

to

connect

members

asstations

of

virtual

reality

shipbuilding

enterprise.The

IT

system

makes

users

can

communicate

and

shareinformation

at

any

time,

including

electronic

technicaldata,

production

data

and

management

data.Management

includes

communications,

planning

andprocess

optimization

.Virtual

reality

shipbuilding

enterpriseModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyChinese

shipbuilding

IT

system

Planning工程設(shè)計共享資源大連武昌719604708江南滬東外部環(huán)大連新境外境部環(huán)經(jīng)營管理綜合管理產(chǎn)品設(shè)計產(chǎn)品

管理品

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廣船工程設(shè)計綜合管理系統(tǒng)重工集團(tuán)總部重工集集團(tuán)總部團(tuán)工業(yè)集管團(tuán)總部理渤海統(tǒng)集團(tuán)管

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團(tuán)總部計設(shè)綜合管理經(jīng)營管理綜合產(chǎn)品管設(shè)理計Modern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyUnit6ModernModelModernShipConstruction

TechnologyModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyShipbuilding

model

is

basic

rules

and

methods

of

shipconstruction

and

its

organization.It

concerns

breakdown

rules

for

product

operation

tasks,and

the

organization

type

after

finished

breakdownprocess.It

shows

systematic

integration

of

3

elements,

design

ideas,construction

strategy

and

management

policy.Basic

concept

of

modern

modelModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyFive

stages

of

shipbuilding

modelManagementModelDominant

technModern

Ship

Construction

Technology20s

19

century,

utilized

rivet

technology

to

develop

modernshipbuilding

technology

focused

on

steel

vessels

instead

ofancient

wooden

ships.

–

“system”

model60s

20

century,

welding

instead

of

rivet

became

dominatetechnology,

changed

traditional

“system”

oriented

methodto

modern

“zone”

shipbuilding.

–

“zone”

model70s

20

century,

imported

group

technology

theory,

toyze

common

characters

of

different

type

ships,classified

by

ship

zones,

operation

types

and

constructionstages,

to

build

shipbuilding

process

and

virtual

realityproduction

process

by

“interim

products”

conceptorganization.

–

“multi-lanes”

modelHistory

of

five

shipbuilding

model

stagesModern

Ship

Construction

Technology80s

20

century,

with

application

of

computer

technology,shipbuilding

accuracy

control

and

process

managementdeveloped

a

lot.

On

the

other

hand,

“integration”mechanism

became

more

and

more

important,

itmade“space

parallel,

time

series”

hull-outfitting-painting

mixedshipbuilding

come

true.

-

“integration”

model90s

20

century,

shipbuilding

industry

tried

a

lot

to

build“agile”

shipbuilding

model.

Its

basic

characters

areknowledge-based

and

quick

responses.

–

“agile”

modelHistory

of

five

shipbuilding

modelstagesModern

Ship

Construction

Technology197019801965分段制造勞力密集整體制造勞力密集分道制造設(shè)備密集集成制造信息密集敏捷制造知識密集船臺周期均產(chǎn)量人人均產(chǎn)量（總噸）船載職臺重工同量人期

（數(shù)（萬（月噸萬）

）

）一、船體連接技術(shù)創(chuàng)新—鍛壓技術(shù)12

60

30

30010

50

25

25040

20

20086

304

20

10

100二、船體連接技術(shù)創(chuàng)新—冶金技術(shù)四、造船社會技術(shù)創(chuàng)新—集成五、大規(guī)模的造船社會技術(shù)創(chuàng)新19501955199520001990197519851960船舶大型化職工船人社分?jǐn)?shù)三、造

會技術(shù)創(chuàng)新—

散專業(yè)Efficiency

of

five

shipbuilding

modelstagesModern

Ship

Construction

Technology3

key

points

of

organization

are

“goals”,

“members”

and“communications”.3

elements

of

organization

are

mechanism,

system

andrunning.Mechanism:

division

of

organizationSystem:

rules

for

operationRunning:

detail

actionsMain

difference

between

modern

shipyards

andtraditional

shipyards

is

the

difference

of

“l(fā)evel

oforganization”.

Modern

shipyards

can

organize

complexshipbuilding

processes,

and

traditional

shipyards

mainlydepended

on

“dispatch”

to

control

shipbuilding

processes.Organization

ofshipyardModern

Ship

Construction

Technology3

type

actions

of

shipyard

are

business,

management

andproduce.Business:

external

actions

of

shipyard,

decides

“what

todo”.Management:

internal

actions

of

shipyard,

decides

“how

todo”.Produce:

detail

shipbuilding

actions,

reaches

goals

ofshipyard.Management

can

connect

business

and

produce.Management

of

shipyardModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyManagement

provides

rules

for

employee

actions.Management

has

many

functions,

just

like

“PDCA”.Plan:

includes

prediction,

programming

and

organization.Do:

raise

motivation

and

dispatch

tasks.Check:

includes

inspection,

evaluation

and

control.Action:

adjustment

.-

Check

and

action

sometimes

called

one

word

“control”,so

“PDCA” es

“PDC”.Produce

managementModern

Ship

Construction

TechnologyShipbuilding

industry

usually

enhance

product

quality,raise

produce

efficiency

and improve

company

managementby

utilizing

“PDC”

or

“PDCA”.Produce

management

includes

market,

fund,

material,labor,

equipment,

technology

and

motivation

7

elements.Simply

called

by

process

management,

includes

cost,

quality,plan

and

safety

4

elements.Produce

managementMod