考研考博-英語-上海師范大學(xué)天華學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海師范大學(xué)天華學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Outof（）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問題1選項

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】句意:純粹出于報復(fù)，他拼命詆毀她的人品，敗壞她的名譽。

考查形容詞辨析。perfect完美的，純熟的；total全部的，整個的；sheer全然的，純粹的，十足的；integral完整的，整體的。因此C項符合句意。

2.單選題

Brazil’sconstitution（

）themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.

問題1選項

A.Withdraws

B.objects

C.interrupts

D.forbids

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。withdraw“撤銷，收回，撤退”；object“反對，拒絕”；Interrupt“中斷”；forbid“禁止”。句意：巴西憲法規(guī)定禁止軍隊使用核能。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

ItoldmyfriendGrahamthatIoftencyclethetwomilesfrommyhousetothetowncentreblitunfortunatelythereisabighillontheroute.Hereplied,“Youmeanfortunately.”HeexplainedthatIshouldbegladoftheextraexercisethatthehillprovided.

Myattitudetothehillhasnowchanged.Iusedto(1)asIapproacheditbutnowItellmyselfthefollowing.Thishillwillexercisemyheartandlungs.Itwillhelpmetolose(2)andgetfit.ItwillmeanthatIlivelonger.Thishillismyfriend.FinallyasIwindmywayuptheincline,I(3)myselfwiththethoughtofallthosesillypeoplewhopaymoneytogotoagymandsitonstationeryexercisebicycleswhenIcangetthesamevaluefor(4).IhaveasmileofsatisfactionasIreachthetopofthehill.

Problems(5)befacedandovercome.Wecannotachieveanythingwithaneasylife.HelenKellerwasthefirstdeafandblindpersontogainauniversitydegree.Heractivismandwritingprovedinspirational.Shewrote,“(6)cannotbedevelopedineaseandquiet.Onlythroughexperiencesoftrialandsufferingcanthesoulbestrengthened,visioncleared,ambitioninspiredandsuccessachieved.”

Oneofthemain(7)ofsuccessinlifeisourattitudetowardsadversity.Fromtimetotime,weallfacehardships,problems,accidents,afflictionsanddifficulties.Someareofour(8)butmanyconfrontusthroughnofaultofourown.Whilewecannotchoosetheadversitywecanchooseourattitudetowardsit.

Howcanyouchangeyourattitudetowardstheadversitythatyouface?Trythesesteps:Confronttheproblem.Donotavoidit.Deliberatelytakea(9)attitudeandwritedownsomebenefitsoradvantagesofthesituation.Visualizehowyouwillfeelwhenyouovercomethisobstacle.Developanactionplanforhowtotackleit.Smileandgetcracking.

Thebiographiesofgreatpeoplearelitteredwithexamplesofhowtheytookthesekindsofstepstoovercomethedifficultiestheyfaced.Thecommonthreadisthattheydidnotbecomedefeatistordepressed.Theychosetheirattitude.They(10)tobepositive.

Theytookonthechallenge.Theywon.

問題1選項

A.grumble

B.fear

C.giveup

D.stop

問題2選項

A.temper

B.control

C.weight

D.sight

問題3選項

A.provide

B.converse

C.deal

D.console

問題4選項

A.good

B.free

C.ever

D.return

問題5選項

A.arethereto

B.whichcan

C.willnot

D.wehave

問題6選項

A.Education

B.Interest

C.Character

D.Friendship

問題7選項

A.causes

B.determinants

C.symptoms

D.components

問題8選項

A.making

B.doing

C.taking

D.thinking

問題9選項

A.special

B.strong

C.negative

D.positive

問題10選項

A.seemed

B.opted

C.had

D.used

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

【解析】1.動詞辨析。grumble抱怨,嘟囔;fear害怕,敬畏,為……擔心;giveup放棄,交出；stop停止,逗留。此處句意為:我對這座山的態(tài)度現(xiàn)在改變了,過去我看到它總是…。因此A符合句意。

2.名詞辨析。temper脾氣，(鋼等)回火，性情，傾向；control控制，管理；weight重量，體重，負擔;sight視力，景象。And連接空格和getfit(變得健康),因此and前面很可能表示“減肥,減掉體重”,故選C。

3.動詞辨析。provide提供，供應(yīng)；converse交談，談話；deal處理，交易；console安慰，慰藉。此處表示“想起這些愚蠢的人去健身房的做法來安慰自己”。故選C。

4.短語辨析。Forgood永久地，一勞永逸地;forfree免費；ever永遠，曾經(jīng)；forever永遠，永恒地；forreturn作回報。這里句意為:自己能免費地得到同樣的價值,故選B。

5.語法題。考查一般將來時。句意:難題是用來被面對和克服的,順風(fēng)順水就不會有進步。因此要用一般將來時,排除B和D。C不符合句意。故選A。

6.名詞辨析。education教育，培養(yǎng)，教育學(xué)；interest興趣，利息；character性格，品質(zhì)，特性；角色friendship友誼，友愛，友善?？崭窈缶湟鉃樘崾拘畔?只有通過磨煉和受難的經(jīng)歷，人的心靈才能被強化,由此可知C符合句意。

7.名詞辨析。cause原因，事業(yè)，目標;determinant決定因素；symptom癥狀，征兆；component成分，組件。句意為:我們對待逆境的態(tài)度是生命中成功的主要決定因素之一,因此選B。

8.名詞辨析。making發(fā)展，制造，造成；doing做，不能接受，難以完成，事件；taking捕獲，收入；thinking思考，意見，見解。這里表示“一些問題是我們造成的”,因此A符合句意。

9.形容詞辨析。special特別的，專門的，專用的；strong堅強的，強壯的，牢固的；negative負的，消極的，否定的，陰性的；positive積極的，確定的?？崭袂熬湟鉃?你怎樣能改變自己對待所面臨的逆境的態(tài)度呢？可以嘗試這些步驟。所以此處表示“故意采取一種積極的態(tài)度”,故選D。

10.動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。seem似乎，像是，裝作，seemto似乎，看起來;opt選擇，optto選擇;have有，從事，允許，haveto必須，不得不；use利用，耗費。這里應(yīng)表示“他們選擇積極地面對”,故選B。

4.單選題

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemold(霉)onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.

Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal—andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.

“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere’snoparticularvirtueindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,”wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:“Howcomenobodythoughtofhatbefore?”

Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromVtoB,theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

1.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtminds”inthefirstparagraph?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdiffersinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?

3.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because______.

4.Thephrase“marchtoadifferentdrummer”(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighlycreativeindividualsare______.

5.Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagemightbe______.

問題1選項

A.Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

B.Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

C.Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

D.Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

問題2選項

A.Thevarietyofideastheyhave.

B.Theintelligencetheypossess.

C.Thewaytheydealwithproblems.

D.Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.

問題3選項

A.RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity

B.thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysofdoingthings

C.thereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch’spointofview

D.thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresented

問題4選項

A.diligentinpursuingtheirgoals

B.reluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings

C.devotedtotheprogressofscience

D.concernedabouttheadvanceofsociety

問題5選項

A.DiscoveriesandInnovation

B.WhatAreSoSpecialaboutCreativeIndividuals

C.ToBeaCreativeExpertintheStudyofHumanCreativity

D.TheRelationbetweenCreationandDiligence

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“untaughtminds”可以定位到文章第一段第一句Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.（科學(xué)技術(shù)上的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造被“不知內(nèi)情者”看作是靈感的眩目閃現(xiàn)或戲劇性事件的結(jié)果。），接下來第二句以青霉素發(fā)明者弗萊明爵士為例，對首句進行反駁，說明科技發(fā)明的取得都是經(jīng)過長期的艱苦實驗，從失敗走向成功的，只有那些不明真相、不知其艱辛的人才會把發(fā)明創(chuàng)造想象為靈感或戲劇性事件的產(chǎn)物，所以“untaughtminds”在文中是指“不了解發(fā)明與革新的艱辛的人”。因此A選項“對實驗中的艱苦工作一無所知的人”正確。B選項“一個限制個人創(chuàng)造力的社會的公民”，C選項“一個沒有接受過教育的人”，D選項“一個經(jīng)常偶然想出新點子的人”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二句Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.（有創(chuàng)造力的人與他人的最大區(qū)別在于他們對待事物的方法不同。），說明創(chuàng)新者與非創(chuàng)新者的區(qū)別在于對待事物的方法。因此C選項“處理問題的方式”正確。A選項“想法的多樣性”，B選項“擁有的智慧”，D選項“展示他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)的方式”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere’snoparticularvirtueindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,”wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.（語言權(quán)威人士魯?shù)婪?弗萊什寫道：“創(chuàng)造性思維可能僅僅意味著意識到按一貫的方式做事并沒有什么特別的優(yōu)點。”），說明作者引用弗萊什的話是為了支持自己的觀點：有創(chuàng)造力的人經(jīng)常探索做事的新方法。因此B想象“這段話加強了有創(chuàng)造力的人尋找新的做事方法的推斷”正確。A選項“魯?shù)婪?弗萊什是研究人類創(chuàng)造力的最著名的專家”，原文只說它是一位語言權(quán)威，和研究人類創(chuàng)造力無關(guān)，所以A錯誤。C選項“讀者對魯?shù)婪?弗萊什的觀點很熟悉”在文中沒有提及，所以C錯誤。D選項“這段引文為前面介紹的信息增加了一個新的觀點”，由原文可知，弗萊什的話和作者的看法是一致的，并未添加新的觀點和思想，所以D錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“marchtoadifferentdrummer”可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.（極具創(chuàng)造力的人確實是與眾不同的。），說明有創(chuàng)造力的人“不隨波逐流，與其他人所走的道路或所持的思路不同”，這是對文章主旨的一個形象總結(jié)。因此B選項“不愿意遵循普通的做事方式”正確。A選項“勤奮地追求自己的目標”，C選項“致力于科學(xué)的進步”，D選項“關(guān)注社會的進步”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,C,D錯誤。

5.主旨大意題。文章開頭舉例說明了發(fā)明及創(chuàng)新幾乎都來自于反復(fù)嘗試和失敗，接著介紹了創(chuàng)新者與其他人的主要區(qū)別在于處理問題的方法，最后總結(jié)道極富創(chuàng)造性的人的確是標新立異的。因此B選項“有創(chuàng)造力的人有什么特別之處”最適合作為文章標題。A選項“發(fā)現(xiàn)與創(chuàng)新”表述太過寬泛，不適合作為文章標題，所以A錯誤。C選項“成為研究人類創(chuàng)造力的專家”，D選項“創(chuàng)造與勤奮的關(guān)系”在文中沒有提及，所以C,D錯誤。

5.單選題

Webookedroomsatthehotel（

）weshouldfindnovacanciesonourarrival.

問題1選項

A.whenever

B.if

C.since

D.lest

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法中連詞的用法。A項whenever表示“無論何時”；B項if表示“如果；是否”；C項since表示“自從；既然”；D項lest表示“以免，唯恐”，根據(jù)句意以及邏輯關(guān)系可知，本題正確答案為D項。

6.單選題

AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto（）togetherinresearchactivities.

問題1選項

A.specialize

B.participate

C.consist

D.involve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。specialize“使專門化”；participate“參與”；consist“由…組成”;involve“包含，牽涉”。句意：麻省理工學(xué)院教育的一個特色是學(xué)生和老師都有機會一起參與研究活動。B項符合題意，故答案B。

7.單選題

Agreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayforthe（

）ofbecomingwhitecollarworkers.

問題1選項

A.privilege

B.advantage

C.profit

D.preference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。privilege“特權(quán)”；advantage“優(yōu)勢”；profit“利潤，利益”；preference“偏愛，傾向”。句意：很多人愿意為白領(lǐng)階層的優(yōu)越性而放棄更高的工資。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Thereisnobeerleftandthepubsareshutsoyou’llhaveto（

）it.

問題1選項

A.gofor

B.gothrough

C.gooff

D.gowithout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。gofor“主張，擁護”；gothrough“仔細檢查”；gooff“離開，進行”；gowithout“沒有”。句意：這里沒有啤酒了，且酒吧也關(guān)門，所以你沒有啤酒喝了。由上下文語義可知D項正確。答案D

9.單選題

BlackandLatinoboyscommitplentyofviolenceinschool,ofcourse,butthey’remorelikelytoassaultanindividualwhomtheyknow.

問題1選項

A.intrude

B.violate

C.attack

D.battle

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.intrude闖入，侵入B.violate違犯，違背（法律、協(xié)議等）

C.attack襲擊，攻擊D.battle搏斗，奮斗，斗爭

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】assault的意思為“襲擊，侵犯人身”，指的是黑人和拉丁裔男孩有可能攻擊他們認識的人，attack與之詞義相近，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】當然，黑人和拉丁裔男孩在學(xué)校犯下了很多暴力行為，但他們更有可能攻擊他們認識的人。

10.單選題

ThetrainwaswhirlingonwardwithsuchdignityofmotionthataglancefromthewindowseemedsimplytoprovethatplainsofTexaswerepouringeastward.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweepingintotheeast,sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice.

AnewlymarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonio.Theman’sfacewasreddenedfrommanydaysinthewindandsun,andadirectresultofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrick-coloredhandswereconstantlyperforminginamostconsciousfashion.Fromtimetotimehelookeddownrespectfullyathisattire.Hesatwithahandoneachknee,likeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop.Theglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandshy.

Thebridewasnotpretty,norwassheveryyoung.Sheworeadressofbluecashmere,withsmallreservationsofvelvethereandthere,andwithsteelbuttonsabounding.Shecontinuallytwistedherheadtoregardherpuffsleeves,verystiff,andhigh.Theyembarrassedher.Itwasquiteapparentthatshehadcooked,andthatsheexpectedtocook,dutifully.Theblushescausedbythecarelessscrutinyofsomepassengersasshehadenteredthecarwerestrangetoseeuponthisplain,under-classcountenance,whichwasdrawninplacid,almostemotionlesslines.

Theywereevidentlyveryhappy.“Everbeeninaparlor-carbefore?”heasked,smilingwithdelight.

“No.”sheanswered;“Ineverwas.It’sfine,isn’tit?”

“Great!Andthenafterawhilewe’llgoforwardtothedinnerandgetabiglay-out.Freshmealintheworld.Chargeadollar.”

“Oh,dothey?”criedthebride.“Chargeadollar?Why,that’stoomuch—forus—aren’tit,Jack?”

“Northistrip,anyhow,”heansweredbravely.“We’regoingtogothewholething.”

Laterheexplainedtoheraboutthetrains.“Yousee,it’sathousandmilesfromoneendofTexastotheother;andthisrunsrightacrossit,andneverstopsbutfourtimes.”Hehadtheprideofanowner.Hepointedouttoherthedazzlingfittingsofthecoach;andintruthhereyesopenedwiderandshecontemplatedthesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.Atoneendabronzefiguresturdilyheldasupportforaseparatedchamber,andatconvenientplacesontheceilingwerefrescosinoliveandsilver.

Tothemindsofthepair,theirsurroundingsreflectedthegloryoftheirmarriagethatmorninginSanAntonio;thiswastheenvironmentoftheirnewestate;andtheman’sfaceinparticularbeamedwithanelationthatmadehimappearridiculoustotheNegroporter.Thisindividualattimessurveyedthemfromafarwithanamusedandsuperiorgrin.Onotheroccasionshebulliedthemwithskillinwaysthatdidnotmakeitexactlyplaintothemthattheywerebeingbullied.Hesubtlyusedallthemannersofthemostunconquerablekindofsnobbery.Heoppressedthem.Butofthisoppressiontheyhadsmallknowledge,andtheyspeedilyforgotthatinfrequentlyanumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.Historicallytherewassupposedtobesomethinginfinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.

“WearedueinYellowSkyat3:42.”hesaid,lookingtenderlyintohereyes.

“Oh,arewe?”shesaid,asifshehadnotbeenawareofit:Toevince（表現(xiàn)出）surpriseatherhusband’sstatementwaspartofherwifelyamiability.Shetookfromapocketalittlesilverwatch;andasshehelditbeforeher,andstaredatitwithafrownofattention,thenewhusband’sfaceshone.

“IboughtitinSanAntonfromafriendofmine,”hetoldhergleefully.

“It'sseventeenminutespasttwelve,”shesaid,lookingupathimwithakindofshyandclumsycoquetry（調(diào)情；賣俏）.Apassenger,notingthisplay,grewexcessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimselfinoneofthenumerousmirrors.

Atlasttheywenttothedining-car.TworowsofNegrowaiters,inglowingwhitesuits,surveyedtheirentrancewiththeinterest,andalsotheequanimity,ofmenwhohadbeenforewarned.Thepairfelltothelotofawaiterwhohappenedtofeelpleasureinsteeringthemthroughtheirmeal.Heviewedthemwiththemannerofafatherlypilot,hiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence.Thepatronage,entwinedwiththeordinarydeference,wasnotplaintothem.Andyet,astheyreturnedtotheircoach,theyshowedintheirfacesasenseofescape.

1.Thedescriptionofthecouple’sclothesandbehavioratthebeginningofthepassageseemstoindicatethattheyhadasenseof（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdepictstheinteriorofthecoach?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeofotherpeopleonthetraintowardsthecouple?

4.Whichofthefollowingcontainsametaphor?

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatinthedining-car（）.

問題1選項

A.secrecy

B.elation

C.superiority

D.awkwardness

問題2選項

A.Modern.

B.Luxurious.

C.Practical.

D.Complex.

問題3選項

A.Theyregardedthecoupleasanobjectoffun.

B.Theyexpressedindifferencetowardsthecouple.

C.Theywereverycuriousaboutthecouple.

D.Theyshowedfriendlinesstowardsthecouple.

問題4選項

Alikeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop

Bhiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence

Csweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice

Dasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil

問題5選項

A.thewaitersweresnobbish

B.thecouplefeltillatease

C.theservicewassatisfactory

D.thecoupleenjoyedtheirdinner

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前半部分分別對這對黑人夫婦的描述“他坐在那里像一個在理發(fā)店等待的人。他向其他乘客投去的目光是偷偷摸摸的、害羞的。他們使她很尷尬。當她上車時，有些乘客漫不經(jīng)心地打量著她，這讓她羞紅了臉。這副相貌平平的下層階級的臉蛋，原本線條簡單，幾乎沒有什么表情，使得臉上的紅暈很奇怪。”通過這些信息我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這對夫婦很不自然，所以作者描寫他們的著裝和行為是為了體現(xiàn)出他們的尷尬，笨拙。所以選項D“awkwardness”正確。secrecy“秘密”；elation“興高采烈，得意洋洋”；superiority“優(yōu)越”，其他選項均不正確。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。原文第九自然段提到了火車內(nèi)部的裝飾，“thedazzlingfittings令人眼花繚亂的設(shè)施”，“thesea-greenfiguredvelvet,theshiningbrass,silver,andglass,thewoodthatgleamedasdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.海綠色的天鵝絨、閃閃發(fā)光的黃銅、銀和玻璃，以及像油池表面一樣閃閃發(fā)光的木頭”，這些信息都表明，火車內(nèi)部的裝飾非常奢華。所以選項B正確。

第3題:3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第十自然段“...anumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenjoyment.許多旅客用嘲弄的眼光望著他們?！庇纱丝芍?，火車上其他人對這對夫婦的態(tài)度是把他們當做一個笑柄，所以選項A符合原文。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。metaphor指的是隱喻，暗喻。首先需要明確暗喻和明喻的區(qū)別，它們都有本體和喻體，但比喻詞有差別。明喻一般用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等比喻詞；暗喻一般不用這些比喻詞，直接將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物，通過比較形成。選項A和D可首先排除，因為它們屬于明喻。選項B不是比喻句，所以只有選項C正確，將地平線比作懸崖。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一個自然段，這對夫婦在餐車區(qū)遇到了一位服務(wù)員，服務(wù)員因為非常高興所以對他們很友好，但除了這位服務(wù)員之外，還有其他的服務(wù)員，在第二句的時候就提及“兩排穿著閃閃發(fā)光的白色西裝的黑人侍者，帶著事先得到警告的人的興趣和鎮(zhèn)定，盯著入口的地方?！币约白詈笠痪洹爱斔麄兓氐阶约很噹麜r，臉上流露出一種逃離的慶幸?！庇纱丝芍?，這對夫婦感到非常的不自在，所以選項B正確。

11.單選題

Thechildren'smercurialnatureswereinsharpcontrasttotheeven-tempereddispositionsoftheirparents.

問題1選項

A.artless

B.volatile

C.blithe

D.graceful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：孩子們反復(fù)無常的性格和他們父母平和的性格形成了鮮明的對比。A選項artless“天真的，樸實的”；B選項volatile“不穩(wěn)定的，反復(fù)無常的”；C選項blithe“愉快的”；D選項graceful“優(yōu)雅的，優(yōu)美的”。根據(jù)句意可知，mercurial應(yīng)該是和even-tempered意思相反，mercurial意為“活潑善變的”，選項B與之意思相近，代入符合語境。

12.單選題

Becauseearlymanviewedillnessasdivinepunishmentandhealingaspurification,medicineandreligionwereinextricably,linkedforcenturies.Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."

By3500B.C.,theSumeriansintheTigris-Euphratesvalleyhaddevelopedvirtuallyallofourmodernmethodsofadministeringdrugs.Theyusedgarglesinhalations,pills,lotions,ointments,andplasters.Thefirstdrugcatalog,orpharmacopoeia,waswrittenatthattimebyanunknownSumerianphysician.Preservedincuneiformscriptonasingleclay'tabletarethenamesofdozensofdrugstotreatailmentsthatstillafflictustoday.

TheEgyptiansaddedtotheancientmedicinechest.TheEbersPapyrus,ascrolldatingfrom1900B.C.andnamedaftertheGermanEgyptologistGeorgeEbers.revealsthetrial-and-errorknow-howacquiredbyearlyEgyptianphysicians.Torelieveindigestion,achewofpeppermintleavesandcarbonates(knowntoday.Asantacids)wasprescribed,andtonumbthepainoftoothextraction,Egyptiandoctorstemporarilystupefiedapatientwithethylalcohol.

Thescrollalsoprovidesarareglimpseintothehierarchyofancientdrugpreparation.The"'chiefofthepreparersofdrugs"wastheequivalentofaheadpharmacist,whosupervisedthe'"collectorsofdrugs."fieldworkers,whogatheredessentialmineralsandherbs.The'"preparers"aides"(technicians)driedandpulverizedingredients,whichwereblendedaccordingtocertainformulasbythe"preparers."

Andthe"conservatorofdrugs"oversawthestorehousewherelocalandimportedmineral,herb,andanimal-organingredientswerekept.BytheseventhcenturyB.C.theGreekshadadoptedasophisticatedmind-bodyviewofmedicine.They-believedthataphysicianmustpursuethediagnosisandtreatmentofthephysicalcausesofdiseasewithinascientificframework,aswellascurethesupernaturalcomponentsinvolved.Thus,theearly,Greekphysicianemphasizedsomethingofaholisticapproachtohealth,evenifthesuspected"mental"causesofdiseasewerenotrecognizedasstressanddepressionbutinterpretedascursesfromdispleaseddeities.

Themoderneraofpharmacologybeganinthesixteenthcentury,usheredinby'thefirstmajordiscoveriesinchemistry.Theunderstandingofhowchemicalsinteracttoproducecertaineffectswithinthebodywouldeventuallyremovemuchoftheguessworkandmagicfrommedicine.

Drugshadbeenlaunchedonascientificcourse,butcenturies"wouldpassbeforesuperstitionwasdisplacedby'scientificfact.Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens,suchasbacteriaandviruses,continuedtodreamupimaginarycausativeevils.Andthoughnewchemicalcompoundsemerged,theireffectivenessintreatingdiseasewasstillbasedlargelyontrialanderror.

Manystandard,commondrugsinthemedicinechestdevelopedinthistrial-and-errorenvironment.Suchisthecomplexityofdiseaseandhumanbiochemistrythateventoday,despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.

1.TheauthorcitestheliteraldefinitionoftheGreekwordphannakoninthefirstparagraphinorderto（）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theseventh-centuryGreeks'viewofmedicinedifferedfromthatoftheSumeriansinthattheGreeks（）.

3.InParagraph5,theword"holistic"mostnearlymeans（）

.

4.Thepassageindicatesthatadvancesinmedicalscienceduringthemoderneraofpharmacologymayhavebeendelayedby（）

.

5.Inthefinalparagraph,theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingobservationsaboutscientificdiscovery?

問題1選項

A.showthatancientcivilizationhadanadvancedformofmedicalscience

B.pointoutthatmanofthebeliefsofancientcivilizationsarestillheldtoday

C.illustratethatearlymanthoughtrecoveryfromillnesswaslinkedtointernalcleansing

D.emphasizetheprimitivenatureofGreekmedicalscience

問題2選項

A.discoveredmoreadvancedchemicalapplicationsofdrugs

B.acknowledgedboththementalandphysicalrootsofillness

C.establishedarigidhierarchyforthepreparationofdrugs

D.attributeddiseasetopsychological,ratherthanphysical,causes

問題3選項

A.integrated

B.religious

C.modern

D.physiological

問題4選項

A.alackofunderstandingofheoriginsofdisease

B.ashortageofchemicaltreatmentsfordisease

C.aninaccuracyinpharmaceuticalpreparation

D.anoveremphasisonthepsychologicalcausesofdisease

問題5選項

A.Humanbiochemistryissuchacomplexsciencethatimportantdiscoveriesareuncommon.

B.Manycuresforcommondiseaseshaveyettobediscovered.

C.Trialanderroristhebestavenuetoscientificdiscovery.

D.Chanceeventshaveledtothediscoveryofmanymoderndrugs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段“Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."可知，作者引用希臘詞phannakon的字面意思是為了強調(diào)希臘醫(yī)學(xué)的原始性質(zhì)。選項D符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“seventhcentury”定位到第六段的第一、二句“Bytheseventhponentsinvolved.”選項B符合原文。

第3題:試題分析：第五段中說到公元前七世紀的希臘人認為，醫(yī)生對于疾病必須要從科學(xué)框架內(nèi)的身體病因與超自然因素等方面去考慮，也就是比較全面的方法。所以A選項正確。

第4題:根據(jù)第七段“Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens”可知，選項A符合原文。

第5題:根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“...despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.”，盡管醫(yī)學(xué)取得了巨大的進步，許多最新添加到藥柜貨架上的現(xiàn)代藥物都是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的。選項D符合原文。

13.單選題

Honestynolongerseemstobethebestpolicywithtellingofliesbecomingacommonpartofourdailylives.Anewresearchbyapsychologisthasrevealedthatmostpeoplelieineverydayconversationwhentheyaretryingtoappearlikableandcompetent.

（1）“Peopletellaconsiderablenumberofliesineverydayconversation.Itwasaverysurprisingresult.Wedidn’texpectlyingtobesuchapartofdailyconversation,”saidRobertFeldman.

Thestudyalsofoundthatliestoldbymenandwomendifferincontent,thoughnotinquantity.（2）“Womenweremorelikelytolietomakethepersontheyweretalkingtofeelgood,whilemenliedmostoftentomakethemselveslookbetter,”Feldmannoted.

Aspartofthestudy,agroupof121pairsofundergraduatestudentswererecruitedtoparticipate.（3）Participantswereunawarethatthesessionwasbeingvideotaped.Attheendofthesession,thestudentswerethenaskedtowatchthevideoofthemandidentifyanyinaccuraciesinwhattheyhadsaidduringtheconversation.Theywereencouragedtoidentifyalllies,nomatterhowbigorsmall.

Feldmansaidthestudentswhoparticipatedinthestudyweresurprisedattheirownresults.“Whentheywerewatchingthemselvesonvideotape,peoplefoundthemselveslyingmuchmorethantheythoughttheyhad,”Feldmansaid.Theliesthestudentstoldvariedconsiderably.（4）Othersweremoreextreme,suchasfalselyclaimingtobethestarofarockband.

“It’ssoeasytolie,”Feldmansaid.“Weteachourchildrentobehonest,butwealsotellthemit’spolitetopretendtheylikeabirthdaygiftthey’vebeengiven.（5）.”

問題1選項

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題2選項

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchild