考研考博-英語-中國(guó)人民公安大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國(guó)人民公安大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Leaddeposits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960'sand70's,wereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.

AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.

Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.

InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbio,scientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNorth-easternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.

Manyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.

TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.

Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.

Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.

1.Thestudypublishedinthejournal.Natureindicatesthat（）.

2.LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheUS（）.

3.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?

4.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferred,fromthelastparagraphthatscientists（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresults

B.leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincrease

C.leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpected

D.theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasdiscouraged

B.wasenforcedbylaw

C.wasprohibitedbylaw

D.wasintroduced

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.

B.Byobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.

C.BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.

D.Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpected

B.leadaccumulationsinforestsaremoredifficulttodealwith

C.leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUS

D.theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollution

B.feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasoline

C.stillconsiderleadpollution,aproblem

D.lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第二段"AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland."最近發(fā)表在《自然》（Nature）雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，美國(guó)通過空氣傳播的含鉛氣體排放是導(dǎo)致格陵蘭雪中鉛含量高的主要原因?？芍撗芯勘砻髅绹?guó)是到導(dǎo)致北極雪中鉛污染的主要來源。D項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)與“AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.”不符。AC兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與該研究無關(guān)。答案D。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段“InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.”在《清潔空氣法》強(qiáng)制要求美國(guó)使用無鉛氣體的二十年里，全世界的鉛積累量已顯著下降?？芍獙?duì)美國(guó)使用無鉛氣體是法律的強(qiáng)制要求。B項(xiàng)正確。

判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到文中第三段“Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.”“在他的新研究中，布隆博士發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)使用的含鉛汽油中不同形式的鉛的比例與歐洲、亞洲和加拿大的汽油不同，因此科學(xué)家能夠區(qū)分鉛的來源。在格陵蘭雪中發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要鉛含量與在美國(guó)汽油中發(fā)現(xiàn)的鉛含量相當(dāng)?！庇纱丝芍茖W(xué)家通過將美國(guó)含鉛汽油中的化學(xué)成分與其他國(guó)家的對(duì)比，找到了格林蘭雪中鉛的來源。D項(xiàng)正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段“Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.森林環(huán)境處理和重新分配鉛的速度比科學(xué)家預(yù)期的要快?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。

判斷推理題。由最后一段“Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.科學(xué)家們說，這兩項(xiàng)研究都表明，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的某些部分對(duì)大氣污染的減少做出了迅速反應(yīng)，但這些發(fā)現(xiàn)不應(yīng)被用作污染的許可證?！笨芍m然大氣污染減少后，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也作出了相應(yīng)快速積極的反應(yīng)，但是科學(xué)家仍然認(rèn)為不能抱有僥幸心理，應(yīng)該仍然控制污染。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thecharactersofchildreninthisfictionwereserious,conscientious,self-reflective,andindependenttestimonytothecontinuinginfluenceoftheearlierAmericanmoralistictraditioninchildren’sbooks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspirationfor

B.evidenceof

C.requirementfor

D.developmentof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inspirationfor“對(duì)……的啟示，對(duì)……的靈感”，B項(xiàng)evidenceof“……的證據(jù)”，C項(xiàng)requirementfor“需要”，D項(xiàng)developmentof“……的發(fā)展”。句意：這部小說中的兒童角色嚴(yán)肅、認(rèn)真、自我反思，是早期美國(guó)道德傳統(tǒng)影響兒童書籍的證明。testimonyto在句中表示“……的證明”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

3.翻譯題

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大學(xué)教授遇到的學(xué)生往往是這樣的：除了會(huì)在試卷上寫簡(jiǎn)要答案之外，從不動(dòng)筆寫任何東西，不怎么讀書，缺乏基本的數(shù)理技能，卻對(duì)自己的能力信心滿滿，還拒絕接受任何針對(duì)其作業(yè)的批評(píng)，甚至到了大哭大鬧的地步。

稍加批評(píng)，就得施以各種贊美鼓勵(lì)來緩和，以防引發(fā)對(duì)立情緒，或者情緒完全崩潰。

由于時(shí)間壓力，越來越多的大學(xué)老師自問：“給學(xué)生什么樣的成績(jī)才能保證他們不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不會(huì)因?yàn)樽鳂I(yè)要求是否清晰而引發(fā)紛爭(zhēng)?”

因此，就不得不招進(jìn)更多不合要求的學(xué)生，還不得不留下他們，從而將爭(zhēng)取學(xué)業(yè)成功的負(fù)擔(dān)從學(xué)生身上轉(zhuǎn)嫁到老師身上。

如果有時(shí)間，教師可以進(jìn)行單獨(dú)輔導(dǎo)。但是學(xué)生的整體能力決定了在課堂上能夠嚴(yán)格要求他們的程度。

4.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey___toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proceed開始；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行B.appeal呼吁；懇求

C.resort訴諸；采取D.incline傾向于

【考察點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】句意為只有動(dòng)物在被困住的時(shí)候，它們才會(huì)采取暴力措施來逃走。C選項(xiàng)resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)proceedto繼續(xù)下去；

B選項(xiàng)appealto呼吁；上訴；要求；對(duì)……有吸引力；

D選項(xiàng)inclineto傾向于。Inclineto更多指具有什么傾向。但是該題目應(yīng)該選采取暴力措施。因?yàn)轭}意為動(dòng)物們已經(jīng)被困住了；

以上選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】一般來說，只有當(dāng)動(dòng)物被困住時(shí)，它們才會(huì)采取暴力措施以逃脫。

5.單選題

Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnot（）forherwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enoughgood

B.goodenough

C.asgoodenough

D.goodasenough

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管蘇珊工作非常努力，但是她的薪水相對(duì)于她的工作而言卻不夠好。

考查固定搭配。由enough修飾形容詞時(shí)一般需要放在形容詞后面且不能與as結(jié)構(gòu)連用。

6.單選題

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis______orsocialposition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇”；B選項(xiàng)status“身份，職位”；C選項(xiàng)determination“決心”；D選項(xiàng)significance“（尤指對(duì)將來有影響的）重要性；意思，含義”。句意：一個(gè)人穿的衣服可以體現(xiàn)他的______或社會(huì)地位。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是可以通過衣服看出一個(gè)人的社會(huì)信息，B選項(xiàng)status“身份，職位”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Conniewastoldthatifsheworkedtoohard,herhealthwould（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorate

B.descend

C.degrade

D.decay

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化，變壞”，B項(xiàng)descend“下降，下去”，C項(xiàng)degrade“貶低，使……降級(jí)”，D項(xiàng)decay“衰退，衰減”，表示社會(huì)、機(jī)構(gòu)、制度等方面的衰退。根據(jù)前面的關(guān)鍵詞health（健康），可猜測(cè)空格部分應(yīng)該表示“變壞，變差”。句意：康妮被告知，如果她工作太辛苦，她的身體會(huì)變壞。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildthanshewastotheothers,（）ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.which

C.what

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：從句與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開，獨(dú)立存在，去掉了也不會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的意思，所以這里用的是非限定定語從句。句意：海倫對(duì)她最小的孩子比別的孩子好，當(dāng)然這使得其他孩子很嫉妒。此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代海倫對(duì)她最小的孩子比別的孩子好這個(gè)事情，所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)是B選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere（）inmanypartsofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticized

B.incorporated

C.summoned

D.translated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。criticize“批評(píng)”；incorporate“包含；合并”；summon“召喚，召集”；translate“翻譯，轉(zhuǎn)化”。句意：《新約》不僅是用希臘文寫的，而且它其中許多部分吸收了源于希臘哲學(xué)的思想。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

BecauseJenkinsneither______nordefendseithermanagementorthestrikingworkers,bothaidesadmirehisjournalistic________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizes...acumen

B.attacks...neutrality

C.confronts...aptitude

D.dismisses...flair

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。criticize“批評(píng)，評(píng)論”；attack“攻擊，抨擊”；confront“面對(duì)，遭遇”；dismiss“解散，解雇”。acumen“聰明，敏銳”；neutrality“中立”；aptitude“天資”；flair“資質(zhì)”。句意：因?yàn)檎步鹚箤?duì)于管理層和罷工工人既不批評(píng)也不為之辯護(hù)，兩個(gè)助手都很佩服他的新聞敏銳感。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Thetigercontinuedto（

）usbywalkingroundandroundourtent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trap

B.transplant

C.menace

D.provoke

【答案】C

【解析】trap誘騙,設(shè)陷阱；transplant移植；menace威脅,恐嚇；provoke激怒,煽動(dòng)。句意:老虎圍繞著帳篷轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去,繼續(xù)威脅著我們。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Theascenttothemountainis（）butanyonewhomakesittothetopisrewardedbyaspectacularview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.assiduous

C.arduous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。helpful“有幫助的”；assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous“努力的，費(fèi)力的”；unique“特別的”。句意：登到山頂是艱苦的，但任何成功登頂?shù)娜硕紩?huì)欣賞到壯觀的景色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Theplaneisaformoftransportationwhose（

）wetakeforgranted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convenience

B.construction

C.satisfaction

D.insurance

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)convenience“便利”；B選項(xiàng)construction“建設(shè)”；C選項(xiàng)satisfaction“滿足”；D選項(xiàng)insurance“保險(xiǎn)”。句意：飛機(jī)是一種我們認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然便利的交通工具。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

Inthewakeofthe70-vehiclepileup,aslewoflawsuitsareexpectedtobe_______againstdrivers,truckingcompaniesandseveralstateagenciesallegingnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjected

B.filed

C.committed

D.surrendered

【答案】B

【解析】subject使屈從于……,使隸屬;file把……歸檔,提出(申請(qǐng)等);commit犯罪,做錯(cuò)事;surrender投降,自首。句意：在這起70輛汽車連環(huán)相撞事件發(fā)生后,預(yù)計(jì)將對(duì)司機(jī)、貨運(yùn)公司和幾家州政府機(jī)構(gòu)提起一系列訴訟,指控他們玩忽職守和過失殺人。filealawsuitagainst控告,起訴。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards——whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitforme’hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalamentforsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Greatmobility.

B.Concernforone’sneighbors.

C.Emphasisonindividualeffort

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wassomethingunheardof

B.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

C.attractedalotofpublicattention

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.”由此可知,Elshtain教授很高興看到大多數(shù)美國(guó)人開始認(rèn)識(shí)到社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)到第三段的二、三句,“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.”美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。選項(xiàng)B以自我為中心的個(gè)人主義思想，符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句話,“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother.”可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“1950”定位到第三段第二句話,“DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.”“unheardofinthe1950s”指在1950年代聞所未聞，由此說明1950年代不存在校園暴力。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Elshtain¤tmoraldecline”定位到最后一段的第一句話“Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety.”除非人們找到對(duì)抗社會(huì)物質(zhì)主義的方法，否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。由此可見,當(dāng)人們減少對(duì)物質(zhì)的追求時(shí),道德水準(zhǔn)的下降趨勢(shì)可能得以扭轉(zhuǎn)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

16.單選題

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（）dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。supersonic“超音速的，超音波的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，明亮的”；audible“聽得見的”；amplified“放大的，擴(kuò)充的”。句意：我買了一個(gè)帶有發(fā)光鐘面的鬧鐘，這樣在黑暗中也能看清時(shí)間了。由后半句句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare（）throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】commonplace陳腐的,平凡的;standardized標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的;competitive有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的;generalized廣泛的,普遍的。句意：即使是通過學(xué)校的系統(tǒng)把教科書規(guī)范化,教學(xué)的方法也會(huì)有很大的不同。

18.單選題

In1957,adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalled“flu”ora“badcold”.Hetooksamplesfromthethroatsofpatientsandinhishospitalhewasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza.

Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypeAandB,eachofthemhavingseveralsubgroups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup.ThenhereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.A.W.H.O.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongofChina,whereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill.

AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamples,doctorsbeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed,thevirushadgrownmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefultests,thedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsagainstalltheknownsubgroupsofvirustypeA.A.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.This,then,wassomethingnew,anewinfluenzavirus,againstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnohelpwhatever.

Havingfoundthevirustheywereworkingwith,thetwodoctorsnowdroppeditintothenosesofsomespeciallyselectedanimals,whichgetinfluenzaasmuchashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.D.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller.Scientists,likethegeneralpublic,callitsimplyAsianflu.

Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries.VariousreportsshowedthattheinfluenzaoutbreakstartedinmainlandChina,probablyinFebruaryof1957.BythemiddleofMarchithadspreadalloverthemainland.D.TheviruswasfoundbyChinesedoctorsearlyinMarch.ButatthattimeChinawasnotamemberoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandthereforedidnotreportoutbreaksofdiseasetoit.Notuntiltwomonthslater,whentravelerscarriedthevirusintoHongKong,China,fromwhereitspreadtoSingapore,didthenewsoftheoutbreakreachtherestoftheworld.D.Bythistimeitwaswellstartedonitswayaroundtheworld.

Thereafter,WHO’sWeeklyReportsdescribedthesteadyspreadofthisgreatvirusoutbreak,whichwithinfourmonthssweptthrougheverycontinent.

1.TheoutbreakinHongKong,China,wasduetoavirusin

.

2.Whydidthetwodoctorsdropthefluintothenosesofanimals?

3.TheAsianfluvirus

.

4.Wherewastheflufirstfound?

5.Whendidthevirusreachtherestoftheworld?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anewsubgroupofGroupA

B.anoldsubgroupofGroupA

C.anewsubgroupofGroupB

D.anoldsubgroupofGroupB

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Todecideonthevirusname

B.Toseehowitcanaffecttheanimals

C.Tofindthechannelofthevirusspread

D.Totestthespeedandeffectofvirusreproduction

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasakiller

B.wasveryweak

C.couldreproduceveryquickly

D.diedveryfast

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.InHongKong,China

B.InSingapore

C.InmainlandChina

D.Notmentioned

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.InFebruary

B.BeforeMarch

C.InApril

D.AfterMay

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句話WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句話提到在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，疾病的常見癥狀出現(xiàn)了。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，這種新病毒很容易感染，但它不是致命病毒（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller），由此可知實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了測(cè)試病毒的傳播和再生的速度。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第四段提到醫(yī)生用動(dòng)物來做實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這類病毒再生速度非?？欤↖nashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared），由此可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段第一句話提到這種病毒在其他國(guó)家出現(xiàn)之前，最早在中國(guó)大陸出現(xiàn)（Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章第五段提到這種病毒最早是在中國(guó)大陸出現(xiàn)，時(shí)間是大約1957年2月份，而被醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)是在三月份，兩個(gè)月后通過旅行者傳播到了中國(guó)香港，然后再傳染到新加坡，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.單選題

Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.Asimpleexampleofacauseisthemovementofapaddleasitstrikesaping-pongball;theeffectisthemovementoftheballthroughtheair.Inpsychologyandothersciences,theword“cause”isoftenreplacedbytheterm“independentvariable”.Thistermimpliesthattheexperimenterisoften“free”tovarytheindependentvariableasheorshedesires(forexample,theexperimentercancontrolthespeedofthepaddleasitstrikestheball).Theterm“dependentvariable”replacestheword“effect”,andthistermisusedbecausetheeffectdependsonsomecharacteristicoftheindependentvariable(theflightoftheballdependsonthespeedofthepaddle).Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.Inthecaseofbiorhythmtheory,theindependentvariableisthenumberofdaysthathaveelapsedbetweenaperson’sdateofbirthandsometestday.Thedependentvariableistheperson’slevelofperformanceonsomespecifiedtaskonthetestday.Noticethatalthoughtheexperimenterisnotfreetochooseabirthdayforagivenindividual,personswithdifferentdatesofbirthcanbetestedonthesameday,orasinglesubjectcanbetestedonseveraldifferentdays.

Inordertopredicttherelationshipbetweenindependentanddependentvariables,manyscientifictheoriesmakeuseofwhatarecalledinterveningvariables.Interveningvariablesarepurelytheoreticalconceptsthatcannotbeobserveddirectly.Topredicttheflightofaping-pongball,Newtonianphysicsreliesonanumberofinterveningvariables;includingforce,mass,airresistance,andgravity.Youcanprobablyanticipatethattheinterveningvariablesofbiorhythmtheoryarethethreebodilycycleswiththeirspecifiedtimeperiods.Itshouldbeemphasizedthatnotallpsychologicaltheoriesincludeinterveningvariables,andsomepsychologistsobjecttotheirusepreciselybecausetheyarenotdirectlyobservable.

Thefinalmajorcomponentofascientifictheoryisitssyntax,ortherulesanddefinitionsthatstatehowtheindependentanddependentvariablesaretobemeasured,andthatspecifytherelationshipsamongindependentvariables,interveningvariables,anddependentvariables.Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.Thesyntaxalsorelatesthecyclestothedependentvariable,performance,bystatingthatpositivecyclesshouldcausehighlevelsofperformancewhereasloworcriticalcyclesshouldcauselowperformancelevels.Tosummarize,thecomponentsofascientifictheorycanbedividedintofourmajorcategories:independentvariables,dependentvariables,interveningvariables,andsyntax.

1.Basedonthepassage,causalitymayhavethemeaningthat（

）.

2.Accordingtobiorhythmtheory,（

）.

3.Manytheoriesforpredictingtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect（

）.

4.Theexampleoftheping-pongballisusedto（

）.

5.Theword“syntax”usedinthelastparagraphreferstothe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causeandeffectcanbeindependentofeachother

B.thereishardlyanythingthathappenswithoutacause

C.dependentandindependentvariablesaffecteachother

D.causeandeffectmayvaryrespectivelyinmostevents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.one’sbehaviorcanbepredictedbyknowinghisorherbirthday

B.nobodycanchoosehisorherdateofbirthasheorshewishes

C.anindividual’sperformanceisirrelevanttohisorherbirthday

D.aperson’slevelofperformancevariesaccordingtothetestdate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.testifytheircompleteconformitywithgeneralscientificprinciples

B.justifytheidentityofdependent,independent,andinterveningvariables

C.specifythetimeperiodsofbodilycyclesintermsofpsychologicaltests

D.verifytheirpredictionbyvariablesinconsistentwithconventionsofscience

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.indicateahardnuttocrackinphysics

B.predictvariablesinaperson’sperformance

C.proveacommonfeaturemosttheorieshave

D.showthenegligibilityofinterveningvariables

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rulesusedfororderingandconnectingwordsinasentence

B.principlesdefiningtheconnectionsamongdifferentvariables

C.definitionsdescribingtheimpactofbiorhythmonone’sbehavior

D.criteriameasuringaperson’sperformancelevelswithbiorhythm

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第一句“Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.”可知，causality指的是因果關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)最后一段“Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.”生物節(jié)奏理論體系描述了如何使用一個(gè)人的生日來計(jì)算三個(gè)周期的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。也就是說，一個(gè)人的行為可以通過知道他或她的生日來預(yù)測(cè)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，為了預(yù)測(cè)自變量和因變量之間的關(guān)系，許多科學(xué)理論使用了所謂的介入變量。介入變量是不能直接觀察到的純理論概念。而在第一段有提及，科學(xué)的慣例要求自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的事件。由此可以推斷，許多預(yù)測(cè)因果關(guān)系的理論用不符合科學(xué)慣例的變量來驗(yàn)證他們的預(yù)測(cè)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段“Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.”科學(xué)的慣例要求自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的事件，就比如乒乓球。作者用乒乓球的例子是想證明大多數(shù)理論都有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，那就是自變量和因變量都是可觀察到的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段第一句，科學(xué)理論的最后一個(gè)主要組成部分是它的體系，或者說是描述如何測(cè)量自變量和因變量的規(guī)則和定義，以及詳細(xì)說明自變量、介入變量和因變量之間的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

20.填空題

Yesterdayafternoon,whileJohnandLindawerebothatwork,thieves（1）intotheirflatand（2）money,jewelryandanexpensivenewcomputer.

【答案】1.broke;

2.took

【解析】1.固定搭配。breakinto闖入。因此此處填break的過去式broke。

2.語義題。第二空也填動(dòng)詞的過去式,由其賓語money可知填took(帶走了)。

21.單選題

This（

）girlisTom’scousin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prettylittleAmerican

B.Americanprettylittle

C.Americanlittlepretty

D.littleAmericanpretty

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這位漂亮的美國(guó)小女孩是Tom的表妹。

語法題?？疾樾稳菰~排列順序。pretty屬于“描繪性形容詞”，little屬于“表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低的形容詞”，American屬于“表示國(guó)籍的形容詞”。在修飾名詞時(shí)，這三類形容詞的順序?yàn)槊枥L性形容詞、表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低的形容詞、表示國(guó)籍的形容詞。故A符合此順序。

22.填空題

How（

）doyoutraveltoShang