考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海紐約大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海紐約大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry-from82to110millionbetween1973and1985-thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyno-blue-collarjobs.

Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionoftheharborforceinmanufacturingthandevolvedcountriesnowemployinfarming-atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.

Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymoreone-thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.

Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesamesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitiveoreventoremain"developed”.Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.

ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreitthattheUnitedStatesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofman-hoursrequiredtoproduceamotorbysome80percentintwoorthreeyearsfarmorethananyoneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleteprioritization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganew,sharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachines—thatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,incoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertoremaincompetitive,oughtto（

）.

3.Americanpoliticiansandlaborleaderstendtodislike（

）.

4.Theword"prescription"in’’aprescriptionforunemployment"maybetheequivalentto（

）.

5.Thispassagemayhavebeenexceptedfrom（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedegreetowhichacountry'sproductionisrobotized

B.areductioninacountry’smanufacturingindustries

C.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagement

D.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collarworkforce

B.preserveblue-collarjobsforinternationalcompetition

C.acceleratemotor-carmanufacturinginHenryFord’sstyle

D.solvetheproblemofunemployment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomy

B.anincreaseinblue-collarworkforce

C.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproduction

D.adropintheblue-collarjobopportunities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.somethingrecommendedasmedicaltreatment

B.awaysuggestedtoovercomesomberdifficulty

C.somemeasurestakeninadvance

D.adevicetodire

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.amagazineaboutcapitalinvestment

B.anarticleonautomation

C.amotor-carmagazine

D.anarticleonglobaleconomy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章提出諸如美國(guó)、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，由于生產(chǎn)的進(jìn)步自動(dòng)化的加強(qiáng)，生產(chǎn)行業(yè)雇傭藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人的數(shù)量大大降低。所以A選項(xiàng)‘一個(gè)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化程度‘符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第四段Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesamesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitiveoreventoremain"developed”.如果一個(gè)公司、一個(gè)行業(yè)或一個(gè)國(guó)家在未來(lái)25年里不大幅提高制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量，同時(shí)大幅削減藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力，就不可能保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，甚至不可能保持“發(fā)達(dá)”?？芍?，為了保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，在增加產(chǎn)量的同時(shí)，必須減少藍(lán)領(lǐng)的數(shù)量。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.先看選項(xiàng)，B、D選項(xiàng)相反，肯定一對(duì)一錯(cuò)，所以排除A、C。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句和最后一段第一句Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.試圖保住這樣的藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作實(shí)際上是為失業(yè)開(kāi)出的藥方。這不是一個(gè)美國(guó)政客、勞工領(lǐng)袖或公眾能夠輕易理解或接受的結(jié)論。文中清楚表明，保持藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力工作機(jī)會(huì)是破除失業(yè)的良藥，政治和工會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都不希望藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力失去工作機(jī)會(huì)。確定D選項(xiàng)‘藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作機(jī)會(huì)的減少‘符合題意。

4.prescription本意為‘處方藥’，由上題可知，在文中意思為‘破除失業(yè)的具體措施’，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.根據(jù)全文可知，文章是屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)政治的一部分，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

ItishardtoimaginehowManhattan,boughtfromaNativeAmericantribeforsolittle,（

）vibrantfinancialcommunityinAmerica.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.couldbecomethemost

B.becomesthemost

C.tobecome

D.oneofthemostassuming

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配題。固定句型Itishardtoimaginehowsb./sth.coulddosth.表示“很難想象某人/某物是怎么做到……”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Despiteatendencytobeovertly（

）,thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverting

B.whimsical

C.didactic

D.deceitful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。diverting有趣的，令人快樂(lè)的；whimsical古怪的，異想天開(kāi)的；didactic說(shuō)教的，教誨的；deceitful欺詐的。句意：盡管趨勢(shì)是明顯的說(shuō)教，但是中世紀(jì)的詩(shī)歌經(jīng)常激發(fā)人們想象力，提供生動(dòng)的樂(lè)趣以及虔誠(chéng)的感情。由despite及下文可知空格處所填的單詞與后文意思相反。

4.單選題

Tworelatedparadoxesalsoemergefromthesamebasicconceptionoftheaestheticexperience.ThefirstwasgivenextendedconsiderationbyHegel,whoarguedroughlyasfollows:oursensuousattentionandthatgivestotheworkofartitspeculiarindividuality.Becauseitaddressesitselftooursensoryappreciation,theworkofartisessentiallyconcrete,tobeunderstoodbyanactofperceptionratherthanbyaprocessofdiscursivethought.

Atthesametime,ourunderstandingoftheworkofartisinpartintellectual;weseekinitaconceptualcontentwhichitpresentstousintheformofanidea.Onepurposeofcriticalinterpretationistoexpoundthisideaindiscursiveform—togivetheequivalentofthecontentoftheworkofartinanother.Butcriticismcanneversucceedinthistask,for,byseparatingthecontentfromtheparticularform,itabolishesitsindividuality.Thecontentpresentedthenceasestobetheexactcontentofthatworkofart.Inlosingitsindividuality,thecontentlosesitsaestheticrealtyitthusceasestobeareasonforattendingtotheparticularworkandthatfirstattractedourcriticalattention.Itcannotbethisthatwesawintheoriginalworkandthatexplaineditspoweroverus.

Forthiscontent:displayedinthediscursiveidiomofthecriticalintellect,isnomorethanahusk,adiscardedrelicofameaningthateludedusintheactofseizingit.Ifthecontentisrobethetrueobjectofaestheticinterestitmustremainweddedtoitsindividuality:itcannotbedetachedfromits“sensuousembodiment”withoutbeingdetachedfromitself.Contentis,therefore,inseparablefromformandforminturninseparablefromcontent.(Itistheformthatitisonlybyvirtueofthecontentthatitembodies.)

Hegel'sargumentisthearchetypeofmany,allaimedatshowingthatitisbothnecessarytodistinguishformfromcontentandalsoimpossibletodoso.Thisparadoxmayberesolvedbyrejectingeitherofitspremises:but,aswithKant’santinomy,neitherpremiseseemsdispensable.Tosupposethatcontentandformareinseparableis,ineffect,todismissbothideasasillusory,sincenotwoworksofancanthenshareeitheracontentoraform-the.formbeingdefinitiveofeach’work’sindividuality.

Inthiscase,noonecouldeverjustifyhisinterestinaworkofartbyreferencetoitsmeaning.

Theintensityofaestheticinterestbecomesapuzzling,andultimatelyinexplicable,featureofourmentallifeifontheotherhandweinsistthatcontentandformareseparable,weshallneverbeabletofind,throughastudyofcontent,thereasonforattendingtotheparticular"work-ofartthatintriguesus.Everyworkofartstandsproxyforitsparaphrase.Animpassablegapthenopensbetweenaestheticexperienceanditsground,andtheclaimthataestheticexperienceisintrinsicallyvaluableisthrownindoubt.

1.Hegelarguedthat（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTwhatHegelbelieved?

4.Premisesthatarerelatedtoeachotherseemstobedispensablebecause

（

）.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itisoursensuousappreciationthatgivespeculiarindividualitytotheworkofart

B.itisthecontentoftheworkofartthatholdsourattention

C.theworkofartcannotbeunderstoodwithoutaprocessoflogicalthinking

D.Theformoftheworkofartiswhatoursensuousappreciationconcentrateson

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theparadoxthatitisbothnecessarytodistinguishformcontentandalsoimpossibletodosocannotberesolvedbyrejectingitspremises

B.bothcontentandformoftheworkofartareillusory

C.thecometandform,oftheworkofartareseparable

D.aestheticexperienceisnotintrinsicallyvaluable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecontentandformoftheworkofartcannotbeseparatedfromeachother.

B.Thecontentoftheworkofartisalwaysthetrueobjectsofaestheticinterest.

C.Thecontentpresentedwithoutany'individualityisnotmecontentoftheworkofan.

D.Thecontentunderstoodbymeansofaprocessofdiscursivethoughtisnomorethanahusk.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Kantthinkstheyareindispensable

B.eitherofthemcanresolvetheparadox

C.thepremisesareseparated

D.thepremisescanaccountforthetheory

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesensuousappreciationofart

B.thebasicconceptionoftheaestheticexperience

C.howtoappreciatetheworkofart

D.therelationshipbetweenformandcontentoftheworkofan

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Becauseitaddressesitselftooursensoryappreciation,theworkofartisessentiallyconcrete,tobeunderstoodbyanactofperceptionratherthanbyaprocessofdiscursivethought可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第四段but,aswithKant’santinomy,neitherpremiseseemsdispensable提到康德認(rèn)為對(duì)兩個(gè)前提中的一個(gè)予以否定是不可能的，選項(xiàng)A與之相符。

3.文章第二段Onepurposeofcriticalinterpretationistoexpoundthisideaindiscursiveform—togivetheequivalentofthecontentoftheworkofartinanother.Butcriticismcanneversucceedinthistask提到人們?cè)噲D對(duì)藝術(shù)品找到一個(gè)實(shí)在東西表達(dá)其含義，但是沒(méi)有成功，所以選項(xiàng)B的描述是錯(cuò)誤的，符合題意。

4.文章第四段提到Thisparadoxmayberesolvedbyrejectingeitherofitspremises:but,aswithKant’santinomy,neitherpremiseseemsdispensable提到這兩個(gè)前提（premise）對(duì)解決這個(gè)自相矛盾（paradox）并沒(méi)有用，所以他們是可有可無(wú)的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章主要講述了黑格爾對(duì)藝術(shù)的內(nèi)容和形式之間的關(guān)系的看法，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Thenationalityoftheminoritygroupsinthatcountryisstill（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atissue

C.atrisk

D.atleisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”；atissue“爭(zhēng)議中的”；atrisk“處于危險(xiǎn)中”；atleisure“從容地”。句意：在那個(gè)國(guó)家，少數(shù)民族的國(guó)籍問(wèn)題仍然______。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

人皆生而為新，為前所未有之所存在：人皆生而能贏。人皆有其特立獨(dú)行之方式去審視，聆聽(tīng)，觸摸，品味及思考，因而都具備獨(dú)特潛質(zhì)，能力和局限。人皆能舉足輕重，富有創(chuàng)意，成就功業(yè)。

“成者”與“敗者”含義頗多。談及成者我們并非指的是使他人失敗的人。對(duì)我們而言，成者必為人守信，值得信賴(lài)，有求必應(yīng)，態(tài)度誠(chéng)懇，或?yàn)閭€(gè)人，或?yàn)樯鐣?huì)一員皆能以真誠(chéng)回應(yīng)他人。

成者敢于利用所學(xué)，獨(dú)立思考，區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)，且并不佯裝通曉所有答案，他們傾聽(tīng)，權(quán)衡他人意見(jiàn)，但能得出自己的結(jié)論。盡管他們尊重，敬佩他們，但并不為他們所局限，所束縛，也不對(duì)他人敬若神靈。

【答案】Eachhumanbeingisbornassomethingnew,somethingthatneverexistedbefore.Eachisbornwiththecapacitytowinatlife.Eachpersonhasauniquewayofseeing,hearing,touching,tastingandthinking.Eachhashisorherownuniquepotentials,capabilitiesandlimitations.Eachcanbeasignificantandcreativebeing,aswellasbeawinner.

Theword“winner”and“l(fā)oser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers;evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

7.翻譯題

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.縱觀美國(guó)歷史，幾乎總是至少會(huì)有一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的故事，讓雄心勃勃或不滿(mǎn)足的人有理由收拾行囊，到別處去尋找機(jī)遇。在歐洲人定居的前300年左右，這種故事是關(guān)于人口向外遷移的：讓移民先到大陸，然后再到邊疆開(kāi)辟草原，排干濕地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果沒(méi)有新的土地可以征服，這個(gè)精力充沛、富有進(jìn)取精神的國(guó)家將會(huì)怎樣？有些人，比如泰迪?羅斯福，決定繼續(xù)征服(古巴、菲律賓等地)，但最終，在工業(yè)化的進(jìn)程中，美國(guó)在國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)流動(dòng)的故事。

3.而且這些行業(yè)的規(guī)模足夠大，可以為各個(gè)階層的工人提供工作，從非技術(shù)工人到經(jīng)理或工程師。但是今天，我們經(jīng)濟(jì)中為數(shù)不多的亮點(diǎn)相對(duì)較小(盡管一些亮點(diǎn)未來(lái)可能會(huì)增長(zhǎng))，而且是分散管理的。

4.順便說(shuō)一下，你不需要成為下一個(gè)Facebook的創(chuàng)始人馬克?扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微軟中心找到一份工作。但幾乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位或在技術(shù)學(xué)校待過(guò)一兩年。這個(gè)新興的擇業(yè)市場(chǎng)是全國(guó)性的，它為流動(dòng)階層的成員提供了有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的薪資和更高的議價(jià)權(quán)力。

5.他稱(chēng)，盡管那些頂尖大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生不論他們學(xué)的專(zhuān)業(yè)是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生將會(huì)根據(jù)他們所學(xué)的知識(shí)來(lái)接受評(píng)判。為了在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)工作崗位，他們應(yīng)該具備新興產(chǎn)業(yè)所需要的技能，無(wú)論是技術(shù)性的還是非技術(shù)性的。

8.單選題

Thereseemstobeno（

）thereadingpublic’sthirstforbooksaboutthe1960’s；indeed,thenormallevelofinteresthasincreasedrecentlybecauseofaspateofpopulartelevisiondocumentaries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slaking

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。slaking消散，消化；reference參考，提及；decoration裝飾；soporific催眠劑。句意：閱讀群眾對(duì)20世紀(jì)60年代的書(shū)籍的渴望并沒(méi)有減少；事實(shí)上，由于受一連串的通俗電視紀(jì)錄片的影響，普遍的興趣還增加了。根據(jù)句意及前后關(guān)系可知A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thediseasewaskeptundercontrol（）earlydiagnosisandtreatment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forvirtueof

B.onvirtuewith

C.byvirtueof

D.invirtuewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)byvirtueof是固定搭配，表示“由于，憑借”。句意：由于早期診斷和治療，這個(gè)疾病得到了控制。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛(ài)的；令人愉快的”；graceful“優(yōu)雅的”；resentful“氣憤的；厭惡的”；respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世紀(jì)六十年早期搬到了紐約，明顯是為了逃離那些對(duì)她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.翻譯題

吳歌是中國(guó)吳語(yǔ)地區(qū)民歌民謠的總稱(chēng)。吳語(yǔ)地區(qū)包括江蘇南部、浙江北部和上海市，大致是指長(zhǎng)江下游的三角洲地區(qū)。這里是同一種方言的文化圈，同屬傳統(tǒng)吳文化范疇。“吳”的概念隨著歷代區(qū)域劃分而有所變化，如早期的“吳”指的是吳國(guó)領(lǐng)域，后來(lái)在曾包括現(xiàn)在的南京和揚(yáng)州等地，現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的“吳”是地域和方言區(qū)劃的概念。蘇州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享譽(yù)古今中外的歷史文化名稱(chēng)，歷史上采集吳歌，也以它為中心，在中國(guó)文學(xué)史上占有一定地位。

【答案】WuSongisthegeneralnametitleoffolksonginWulanguageareaofChina.WulanguageareaincludessouthernJiangsu,NorthernZhejiangandShanghai,referringtothedeltaareaofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.ThisisaculturalcircleofthesamedialectbelongingtotraditionalculturalofWuareas.Theconceptof“Wu”haschangedwiththehistoricalregionaldivision,forexample,“Wu”inearlytimereferstoWuarea,lateritincludedsomepresentplaces,suchasNanjingandYangzhou.“Wu”conrrentlyisaconceptofdivisionofregionanddialect.Suzhouexactlyisinthecenterofit,whichisahistoricalculturaltitlefamedas“paradise”.ItwasalsothecenterofWuSongcollectionandoccupieditspositioninthehistoryofliterature.

12.單選題

Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,whileothers（）atartorvolleyball.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.excel

C.aim

D.gaze

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)workat“從事于，致力于”；B選項(xiàng)excelat“突出，擅長(zhǎng)于”；C選項(xiàng)aimat“目的在于”；D選項(xiàng)gazeat“盯住，凝視”。根據(jù)句意可知，填空處填入的詞應(yīng)和at搭配，并且和goodat意思相近。句意“為什么有些人擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)，而有些人擅長(zhǎng)藝術(shù)或排球?”選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

The______ofConfuciusbuiltthetempleinmemoryoftheirancestor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.correspondents

D.opponents

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”；B選項(xiàng)predecessors“前任；前一代”；C選項(xiàng)correspondents“通訊員”；D選項(xiàng)opponents“對(duì)手”。句意：孔子的______建造這座廟來(lái)紀(jì)念他們的祖先。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，在這里孔子的后代紀(jì)念孔子比較合理，A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Hishumorousremark（

）thetensionatthemeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.released

B.replaced

C.relieved

D.retained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他幽默的言辭緩和了會(huì)議上的緊張氣氛。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。Release釋放,放出,發(fā)泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve緩和,解除,減輕;retain保持。由關(guān)鍵詞thetension(緊張局勢(shì))可知C符合句意。

15.單選題

Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)turbulent“動(dòng)蕩的”；B選項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的”；C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易受攻擊的”；D選項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言無(wú)處不在，它散布恐怖情緒，損害聲譽(yù)，把穩(wěn)定的局面攪得混亂不堪。所選形容詞應(yīng)與句中calm相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以本題A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Becauseoffather’spoorcircumstances,myuncle（）myeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.finances

B.maintains

C.supplies

D.affords

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)finances“負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi)，供給……經(jīng)費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)maintains“維持，保持”；C選項(xiàng)supplies“供應(yīng)，提供”；D選項(xiàng)affords“買(mǎi)得起，提供”。句意：由于父親的貧苦處境，我叔叔（）了我的教育。可以看出因?yàn)楦赣H的條件不好，所以是叔叔“資助了我的學(xué)習(xí)”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

（）ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Manufactures“產(chǎn)品”；B選項(xiàng)Yields“生產(chǎn)量，收益”；C選項(xiàng)Creating“創(chuàng)造”；D選項(xiàng)Receiving“接受”。句意：如果美元真的要穩(wěn)定下來(lái)，超過(guò)5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根據(jù)邏輯，前半句講到要穩(wěn)定下來(lái)，那么之后說(shuō)的應(yīng)該也是“收益率”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

AmericanandChineseculturesare（1）insomeways.AnAmericanhostess,（2）forherculinary(烹調(diào))skill,islikelytosay,“Oh,I’msogladyoulikedit.Icookeditespeciallyforyou.”NotsoaChinesehostess,whowillinstead（3）forgivingyounothingevenslightly（4）andfornotshowingyouenoughhonor（5）providingproperdishes.

Thesamerulesholdtrue（6）children.Americanparentsspeakproudlyoftheirchildren’sachievements,tellinghowJohnnymadetheschoolteamorJanemadethehonorroll.NotsoChineseparents,whosechildren,evenifatthetopoftheirschool,arealwaysso“naughty”,neverstudying,neverlisteningtotheirelders,andsoforth.

TheChinesetakepridein“modesty”;Americans（7）“straightforwardness”.ThismodestyhasleftmanyaChinesehungryatanAmericantable,forChinesepoliteness（8）threerefusalsbeforeoneacceptsanoffer,andAmericanhoststakea“no”tomean“non”,whetherit’sthefirst,second,orthirdtime.

Recently,amemberofadelegationsenttoChinabyalargeAmericancorporation,complainedtomeabouthowtheChinesehadaskedthemthreetimesiftheywouldbewillingtochangesomeproposal,andeachtimetheAmericanshadsaid“no”clearlyand（9）.MyfriendwasangrythattheChinesehadnottakenhiswordthefirsttime.Irecognizedtheproblemimmediatelyand（10）whytheAmericanshadnotstudieduponculturaldifferencebeforecomingtoChina.Itwouldhavesavedeveryonealotofperplexityandneedlessfrustrationintheirnegotiations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.familiar

C.opposite

D.adverse

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.complimented

B.compiled

C.complemented

D.commented

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.praise

B.apologize

C.bedisappointed

D.besatisfied

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.suitable

D.edible

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.on

C.by

D.in

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.regardfor

B.regardas

C.regardlessof

D.withregardto

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.on

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsin

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguously

B.roughly

C.definitely

D.arbitrarily

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.believed

B.knew

C.cautioned

D.wondered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”；B選項(xiàng)familiar“熟悉的”；C選項(xiàng)opposite“相反的”；D選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此處的意思是美國(guó)和中國(guó)的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complimented“稱(chēng)贊”；B選項(xiàng)compiled“匯編”；C選項(xiàng)complemented“補(bǔ)足”；D選項(xiàng)commented“評(píng)論”。此處的意思是美國(guó)的女主人被稱(chēng)贊廚藝不錯(cuò)時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)praise“表?yè)P(yáng)”；B選項(xiàng)apologize“道歉”；C選項(xiàng)bedisappointed“失望”；D選項(xiàng)besatisfied“滿(mǎn)意”。此處的意思是中國(guó)的主人會(huì)向你道歉。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“合格的”；B選項(xiàng)illegible“難辨認(rèn)的”；C選項(xiàng)suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)摹保籇選項(xiàng)edible“可食用的”。此處的意思是沒(méi)什么好吃的飯菜。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)for“為了”；B選項(xiàng)on“在……上面”；C選項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”；D選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”。此處的意思是沒(méi)有提供適當(dāng)?shù)牟穗葋?lái)表示對(duì)你的尊敬。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)regardfor“對(duì)……的注意”；B選項(xiàng)regardas“把……認(rèn)作”；C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不顧”；D選項(xiàng)withregardto“關(guān)于”。此處的意思是這樣的規(guī)則在關(guān)于對(duì)待孩子的方面也有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查介詞辨析。takepridein“以……為傲”。此處對(duì)應(yīng)了前文的takepridein，表示美國(guó)人提倡坦率。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)callson“訪問(wèn)”；B選項(xiàng)callsfor“要求”；C選項(xiàng)callsup“召集”；D選項(xiàng)callsin“召來(lái)”。此處的意思是中國(guó)人的禮貌要求他們?cè)诮邮苁裁礀|西之前，一定要推脫兩三回。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B選項(xiàng)roughly“粗糙地”；C選項(xiàng)definitely“肯定地”；D選項(xiàng)arbitrarily“武斷地”。此處的意思是美國(guó)人清楚而絕對(duì)地說(shuō)“不”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)believed“相信”；B選項(xiàng)knew“知道”；C選項(xiàng)cautioned“警告”；D選項(xiàng)wondered“想知道”。此處的意思是想知道為什么這些美國(guó)人來(lái)中國(guó)前沒(méi)有提前了解一下中國(guó)不同的文化。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Thisnationhasbecomethefastest-growinggrainimportmarket,whichisdrivenbothbyrapidpopulationgrowthandbyrisingaffluence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.friction

B.bankruptcy

C.poverty

D.riches

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.friction摩擦；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)B.bankruptcy破產(chǎn)

C.poverty貧困D.riches財(cái)富

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文，糧食進(jìn)口增加，說(shuō)明花了更多的錢(qián)進(jìn)口糧食，其原因是人口增加以及錢(qián)增加，只有D選項(xiàng)riches“財(cái)富”符合語(yǔ)境，原詞affluence“富?！?。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均與有更多的錢(qián)無(wú)關(guān)。

【句意】這個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)成為增長(zhǎng)最快的糧食進(jìn)口市場(chǎng)，這是由人口快速增長(zhǎng)和日益富裕所驅(qū)動(dòng)的。

20.單選題

Itistimethatsomeonemadehim（

）oftheeffectsofhisactions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unconscious

B.aware

C.assured

D.thoughtful

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。unconscious“無(wú)意識(shí)的；失去知覺(jué)的”；aware“意識(shí)到的;知道的”；assured“確定的；自信的”；thoughtful“體貼的”。句意：應(yīng)該有人使他意識(shí)到他的行為的影響了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”P(pán)rominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidenc