考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中山大學(xué)新華學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中山大學(xué)新華學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heisanactorof（）whohasneverabandonedhisprinciplesforthesakeofhisownbenefits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.stability

C.scarcity

D.dignity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrity“完整，正直，誠(chéng)實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)stability“穩(wěn)定性，堅(jiān)定”；C選項(xiàng)scarcity“不足，缺乏”；D選項(xiàng)dignity“尊嚴(yán)，高貴”。句意“他是一個(gè)正直的演員，從不為了自己的利益而放棄自己的原則。”選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

Youcanalwaysuse（）glassifyouneedtoblockastreetview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.convertible

B.decorous

C.opaque

D.salient

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)convertible“可改變的；可轉(zhuǎn)換的；可兌換的”；B選項(xiàng)decorous“禮貌得體的”；C選項(xiàng)opaque“（玻璃、液體等）不透明的，不透光的，渾濁的”；D選項(xiàng)salient“顯著的；最重要的”。句意：如果你需要遮擋街景，可以使用（）玻璃。opaque“（玻璃）不透明的，不透光的”，glass（玻璃）可以遮擋光，符合語(yǔ)境。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Ihavesaidthatallbranchesofknowledgeareconnectedtogether,becausethesubject-matterofknowledgeisintimatelyunitedinitself[...].HenceitisthattheSciences,intowhichourknowledgemaybesaidtobecast,havemultiplebearingsononeanother,andaninternalsympathy,andadmit,orratherdemand,comparisonandadjustment.Theycomplete,correct,andbalanceeachother.Thisconsideration,ifwell-founded,mustbetakenintoaccount,notonlyasregardstheattainmentoftruth,whichistheircommonend,butasregardstheinfluencewhichtheyexerciseuponthosewhoseeducationconsistsinthestudyofthem.Ihavealreadysaidthattogiveundueprominencetooneistobeunjusttoanother;toneglectorsupersedetheseistodivertthosefromtheirproperobjects.Itistounsettletheboundarylinesbetweenscienceandscience,todisturbtheiraction,todestroytheharmonywhichbindsthemtogether.Suchaproceedingwillhavecorrespondingeffectwhenintroducedintoaplaceofeducation.Thereisnosciencebuttellsadifferenttale,whenviewedasaportionofawhole,fromwhatitislikelytosuggestwhentakenbyitself,withoutthesafeguard,asImaycallit,ofothers.

Letmemakeuseofanillustration.Inthecombinationofcolors,verydifferenteffectareproducedbyadifferenceintheirselectionandjuxtaposition;red,green,andwhitechangetheirshades,accordingtothecontrasttowhichtheyaresubmitted.And,inlikemanner,thedriftandmeaningofabranchofknowledgevarieswiththecompanyinwhichitisintroducedtothestudent.Ifhisreadingisconfinedsimplytoonesubject,howeversuchdivisionoflabormayfavortheadvancementofaparticularpursuit,apointintowhichIdonothereenter,certainlyithasatendencytocontracthismind.Ifitisincorporatedwithothers,itdependsonthoseothersastothekindofinfluencethatitexertsuponhim.ThustheClassics,whichinEnglisharethemeansofrefiningthetaste,haveinFrancesub-servedthespreadofrevolutionaryanddeisticaldoctrines.[...]Inalikemanner,Isuppose,ArcesilaswouldnothavehandledlogicasAristotle,norAristotlehavecriticizedpoetsasPlato;yetreasoningandpoetryaresubjecttoscientificroles.

ItisagreatpointthentoenlargetherangeofstudieswhichaUniversityprofesses,evenforthesakeofthestudents;and,thoughtheycannotpursueeverysubjectwhichisopentothem,theywillbethegainersbylivingamongthoseandunderthosewhorepresentthewholecircle.ThisIconceivetobetheadvantageofaseatofuniversallearning,consideredasaplaceofeducation.Anassemblageoflearnedmen,zealousfortheirownsciences,andrivalsofeachother,arebrought,byfamiliarintercourseandforthesakeofintellectualpeace,toadjusttogethertheclaimsandrelationsoftheirrespectivesubjectsofinvestigation.Theylearntorespect,toconsultandtoaideachother.Thusiscreatedapureandclearatmosphereofthought,whichthestudentalsobreathes,thoughinhisowncaseheonlypursuesafewsciencesoutofthemultitude.Heprofitsbyanintellectualtradition,whichisindependentofparticularteachers,whichguideshiminhischoiceofsubjects,anddulyinterpretsforhimthosewhichhechooses.

Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.Henceitisthathiseducationiscalled“Liberal”.Ahabitofmindisformedwhichlaststhroughlife,ofwhichtheattributesare,freedom,equitableness,calmness,moderation,andwisdom;orwhatinaformerdiscourseIhaveventuredtocallaphilosophicalhabit.ThisthenIwouldassignasthespecialfruitoftheeducationfurnishedataUniversity,ascontrastedwithotherplacesofteachingormodesofteaching.ThisisthemainpurposeofaUniversityinitstreatmentofitsstudents.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（）.

2.BytheSciences(line2),theauthormeans（）.

3.Theword“exercise”inline7mostnearlymeans（）.

4.Byusingthewordsafeguardinline13,theauthorsuggeststhat（）.

5.Thepurposeofthesecondparagraphisto（）.

6.Thewordapprehendsasusedinlines39means（）.

7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sideaofaliberaleducation?

8.Theauthorbelievesthatauniversityshould（）.

Ⅰ.havefacultyrepresentingawiderangeofsubjectsandphilosophies

Ⅱ.teachstudentshowtoseetherelationshipsamongideas

Ⅲ.teachstudentstounderstandandrespectotherpointsofview

Ⅳ.teachstudentsliberalratherthanconservativeideals

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eachscienceshouldbestudiedindependently

B.thesciencesareinterrelated

C.theboundarylinesbetweeneachofthesciencesshouldbeclearer

D.itisdifficulttoattainaproperbalanceamongthesciences

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thephysicalsciencesonly

B.educationalmethodologies

C.thephysicalandsocialsciences

D.allbranchesofknowledge,includingthephysicalandsocialsciencesandthehumanities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.remove

B.compete

C.impose

D.arrange

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.eachsciencehasitsownspecificsafetyguidelines

B.itisnotsafetostudythesciences

C.themoreoneknows,thesaferonewillfeel

D.oneshouldchooseasecondareaofspecializationasabackupincasethefirstdoesnotworkout

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.compareandcontrastdifferentbranchesofknowledge

B.developtheideapresentedinthepreviousparagraph

C.statethemainideaofthepassage

D.presentanalternativepointofview

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.understands

B.captures

C.fears

D.believes

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.In-depthspecializationinonearea.

B.Anemphasisontheartsratherthanthesciences.

C.Abroadscopeofknowledgeinseveraldisciplines.

D.Trainingforascientificcareer.

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.IandIIonly

B.I,II,andIII

C.IandIV

D.IVonly

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Ihavesaidthatallbranchesofknowledgeareconnectedtogether,becausethesubject-matterofknowledgeisintimatelyunitedinitself”，作者認(rèn)為所有的知識(shí)分支都是相互聯(lián)系的，因?yàn)橹R(shí)的主題本身是緊密相連的。此句為第一段的中心句，可判斷出第一段的中心思想為科學(xué)知識(shí)之間是相互聯(lián)系的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“HenceitisthattheSciences,intowhichourknowledgemaybesaidtobecast,havemultiplebearingsononeanother,andaninternalsympathy,andadmit,orratherdemand,comparisonandadjustment.”，我們的知識(shí)所涉及的各種科學(xué)，彼此之間有多重關(guān)系，有一種內(nèi)在承認(rèn)，要求，比較和調(diào)整關(guān)系?？膳袛喑鲞@里的sciences指各種科學(xué)知識(shí)分支，包括自然科學(xué)、人文科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)章第一段，“…theinfluencewhichtheyexerciseuponthosewhoseeducationconsistsinthestudyofthem.”，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞influence，構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系exerciseupontheinfluence“對(duì)……造成影響”。Remove“移除”；compete“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；impose“強(qiáng)加”；arrange“安排”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.詞義題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句，“Thereisnosciencebuttellsadifferenttale,whenviewedasaportionofawhole,fromwhatitislikelytosuggestwhentakenbyitself,withoutthesafeguard,asImaycallit,ofothers.”，當(dāng)把每種科學(xué)看成整體的一部分時(shí)，在其他學(xué)科并未采取保護(hù)措施的情況下，每一門科學(xué)都是不同的?？膳袛喑鲎髡咛岬降膕afeguard意思是每種科學(xué)都有自己特定的保護(hù)措施。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Letmemakeuseofanillustration.”，可知第二段的目的是進(jìn)行相關(guān)的例證，下文主要用大量的例子來(lái)證明了第一段的觀點(diǎn)——科學(xué)的知識(shí)分支是相互聯(lián)系的，但是各科學(xué)之間有各自的保護(hù)措施，使其內(nèi)容存在差別?？膳袛喑龅诙蔚哪康脑谟诎l(fā)展和繼續(xù)探討第一段提出的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.詞義題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.”，apprehends后接的內(nèi)容為知識(shí)的原則、范圍、亮點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)等，能與知識(shí)的這些方面構(gòu)成一致意思的為apprehends“理解”。Understands“理解”；captures“捕捉”；fears“恐懼”；believes“相信”。相信A符合題意。

7.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一二句，“Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.Henceitisthathiseducationiscalled‘Liberal’.”，他的教育被稱為“Liberal”，要理解知識(shí)的概要、基礎(chǔ)原則、范圍、亮點(diǎn)與不足、重點(diǎn)與次重點(diǎn)，否則就不能真正理解知識(shí)。可判斷出他所謂的“l(fā)iberaleducation”必須要對(duì)知識(shí)有深入的了解，也就是某一領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)理解。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“ItisagreatpointthentoenlargetherangeofstudieswhichaUniversityprofesses,evenforthesakeofthestudents;and,thoughtheycannotpursueeverysubjectwhichisopentothem,theywillbethegainersbylivingamongthoseandunderthosewhorepresentthewholecircle.”，至于大學(xué)教育，要擴(kuò)大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和研究的范圍，盡管學(xué)生們不能追求所有開放的主題，但是卻能受到代表某個(gè)知識(shí)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的人的影響，并且受益?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為大學(xué)應(yīng)該擁有代表廣泛學(xué)科和哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域的教職工。根據(jù)下文，“….toadjusttogethertheclaimsandrelationsoftheirrespectivesubjectsofinvestigation.Theylearntorespect,toconsultandtoaideachother.”，學(xué)生們能夠調(diào)整他們各自的研究學(xué)科之間的關(guān)系，并且他們要學(xué)會(huì)尊重、協(xié)商和互相幫助。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為大學(xué)應(yīng)該教學(xué)生們?nèi)フ_看待各種思想之間的關(guān)系并且尊重其他人的觀點(diǎn)和看法。所以I,II和III都是作者認(rèn)為一所大學(xué)應(yīng)該具備的要求。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

ThoughonemayquestionthedegreetowhichtheCivilWarrepresentsamilestoneinwomen’spursuitofsocial,economic,andpoliticalequality,Leonard’srecentstudyhasexcelledthatofherpredecessorGinzbergindebunkingpersistentmythsaboutwomen’sprimaryrelationtothewarasweepingwidows,self-sacrificingwives,patrioticfiancees,andloyaldaughters.Leonardasksifthewartimeworkofnorthernwomeninfluencedpopularperceptionsofwomen’sabilities,andifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers.Findingintheaffirmative,shearguesthathomefrontactivitiesgeneratedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen,whileparticipationreinforcedtheirself-relianceandself-esteem.

Incontrasttoherpredecessors,whosawthewarastransformingtheideologyofbenevolence,Leonardfindsthatwomen’swarworkdrewheavilyupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.Itwasoncebelievedthatwartimebenevolenceheightenedchangesemerginginthe1850sbyreplacingtheantebellumideologyofgenderdifferenceandfemalemoralsuperioritywithanewideologyofgendersimilarityandamoremasculineethosofdisciplineandefficiency.Leonardassertsinsteadthatwhite,middle-class,Yankee,charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhoodand,inparticular,woman’suniquemoralresponsibilityformaintainingcommunityandhernaturalselflessnessandcaretakingabilities,toexpandtheboundariesofwoman’sproperplace.Withdeterminationandcourage,womenbroughtforthpositivechangesinpopularcharacterizationsofmiddle-classwomanhoodthatopenednewdoorsforwomenintheprofessionsandinpubliclife.

AweakpointofLeonard’stheoryisherassessmentofthethemesofpostwarhistoriesofwomen’swartimeservice.Leonardviewstheseworksasextollingwomen’sself-sacrificeandabilitytocooperatemenwhiledownplayingwomen’sdemandsforstatusandpayandignoringthescopeofwomen’sadministrativegenius.Butothertheorists,mostnotablyGinzbergthavearguedthatthesesameworksmayalsobeviewedaspraisingtheefficiencyofthenewcentralizedandnationalcharitableorganizations,women’swage-earningcapacity,andtheirsubordinationoffemininefeelingandenthusiasmtobusiness-likeandwar-likeroutinizationandorder.Twosetsofvalues—oldernotionsofbenevolenceandnewdemandsofpublicservice—wereatwarintheNorth,awarthatcanbeplottedthroughtensionsaboutpayingwages,centralizingcorporatefunctionsofbenevolence,relatingbenevolencetogovernment,andusingfundsforadministrative—asopposedtostrictlycharitable—purposes.Itmaywellbethatwartimemasculinizationoftheideologyofbenevolencepushedwomenfurtherfromboththesymbolicandtherealcentersofpowerforsocialchangeandhastenedinsteadaclass-basedallianceforsocialwelfare.ButwecanagreewithLeonardthatthewarforcedmentoyieldground,sharingandsometimesevensurrenderingterritory,power,andstatusinthepublicrealm.

25.WhichoftheFollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

26.Accordingtothepassage，Leonardassertsthatwomen’sactivitiesduringtheCivilWarhadallofthefollowingpositiveeffectsEXCEPT

27.Itcanbeinferred-fromthepassagethatLeonardwouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofwomenduringtheCivilWar?

I.Antebellumvalueswereexpanded,notreplaced,inordertodevelopnewdefinitionsofwomanhood.

II.Historianshavepaidinsufficientattentiontodemandsforhigherstatuswomenmadeduringthewar.

III.Onthewhole,thewarwasdetrimentaltotheperceptionofwomen.

28.ItcanbeinferredthatLeonardwouldmostlikelyconsiderwhichofthefollowinghypotheticalcasesofCivilWarwomentheLEASTsupportiveofherthesis?

29.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

30.WithwhichofthefollowingcriticismsofLeonard'stheorywouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheInfluenceofElizabethLeonardonHistoriansofFeminismintheCivilWar

B.Leonard’sExplanationofHowtheCivilWarImprovedthePlightofWomen

C.FeminismintheCivilWar:NewControversyAboutanOldSubject

D.TheHeritageofBenevolence:TheCivilWar’sContributiontoWomen'sCharitableOrganizations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerepraisedasaidingthewarcause.

B.Theyimprovedwomen'seconomicsituation.

C.Theywereconsideredproofofwomen’sabilitiestoorganizethemselves.

D.Theycreatednewoccupationalopportunitiesforwomen.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.I,II,andIII

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Awidowwhopatrioticallyrefusedtoremarry,evenafterhersoldierhusbandwaskilledinbattle

B.Awomanwhoshiftedfromworkingasaseamstresstorunninganarmyuniformfactory

C.AwomanwhodressedasaSouthernsoldierinordertocrossenemylinesasaspy

D.Awomanwhoestablishedacharityinordertocollectmoneyforprosthesesforwaramputees

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussesareasforpossiblenewresearch.

B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis,drawsontheworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis,

C.Theauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargument

D.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy,describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Itlaystoomuchimportanceupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.

B.Itfailstoacknowledgethatmasculinizationofwar-timeeffortsmayhavebeendetrimentaltothefeministcause.

C.Ittendstooveremphasizetheroleofwomeninshiftingtheirstatusoverthecourseofthewar.

D.Itbasesitsthesistooexclusivelyonwhite,Yankee,middle-classwomen,ignoringeveryothersocialandracialclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

【解析】25.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者全文探討的重點(diǎn)是對(duì)于內(nèi)戰(zhàn)給女性（女權(quán)）帶來(lái)的影響，作者及其前輩研究者持有不同的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“CivilWar”“women”“othertheorists…argue…”即可得出本題答案。

26.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題?？蓪⑿畔Ⅻc(diǎn)定位至原文第一段，根據(jù)信息點(diǎn)“ifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers（是否后方生產(chǎn)被認(rèn)為有助于提高士兵的戰(zhàn)備）”“generatedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen（尊重婦女的組織才能，為婦女創(chuàng)造新的工作機(jī)會(huì)）”，即可得出A、C、D三項(xiàng)符合原文，而選項(xiàng)B原文并未提及，從而得出本題答案。

試題答案B

27.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第三句和第四句，“Leonardassertsinsteadthatwhite,middle-class,Yankee,charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhoodand,inparticular,woman’suniquemoralresponsibilityformaintainingcommunityandhernaturalselflessnessandcaretakingabilities,toexpandtheboundariesofwoman’sproperplace.Withdeterminationandcourage,womenbroughtforthpositivechangesinpopularcharacterizationsofmiddle-classwomanhoodthatopenednewdoorsforwomenintheprofessionsandinpubliclife.”從而可判斷I與原文相符。而II、III明顯與原文不符，從而得出本題答案。

28.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。注意題干關(guān)鍵詞“theleastsupportive”，根據(jù)原文信息點(diǎn)“charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhood”“expandtheboundaries”“broughtforthpositivechanges”即可得出本題答案。

29.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析題。通讀全文后即可發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)D最為吻合作者的行文結(jié)構(gòu)。從而得出本題答案。

30.

事實(shí)推斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段信息點(diǎn)“women’swarworkdrewheavilyupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.（婦女戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)工作在很大程度上借鑒了戰(zhàn)前婦女的性質(zhì)和范圍的意識(shí)形態(tài)。）”即可進(jìn)行合理推斷。從而得出本題答案。

5.單選題

Theideasexpressedinthearthistorian’sbookaremore（

）thanonewouldexpectonthebasisofherrather（

）treatmentofhersubjectintheopeningpages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.riguing

B.accessible...recondite

C.hidebound...reactionary

D.insightful...innovative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compelling“引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可理解的”；recondite“深?yuàn)W的，隱藏的”；hidebound“死板的，保守的，頑固的”；reactionary“保守的，反動(dòng)的”；insightful“有深刻見(jiàn)解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative“革新的，創(chuàng)新的”。句意：跟她在開篇對(duì)主題的深?yuàn)W表述，對(duì)于讀者而言，這個(gè)藝術(shù)史學(xué)家書中的觀點(diǎn)要容易理解很多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

BecauseChinesesocialtraditionemphasizedthe（）oftheindividualtohisbirthplaceandfamily,thosegentrywhoservedinpublicofficewerediscouragedfromconcerningthemselveswiththeirnativelocalities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glue

B.feelings

C.separation

D.attachment

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)glue“膠”；B選項(xiàng)feeling“感覺(jué)”；C選項(xiàng)separation“分離”；D選項(xiàng)attachment“連接，聯(lián)系”，attachto“連接到”，為固定搭配。句意：因?yàn)橹袊?guó)的社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人與他的出生地和家庭的連接，所以那些公職人員對(duì)于將他們與他們的祖籍……在一起感到很懊喪。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

DuringthepastfourdecadesthefisheryscientistsoftheWesthavestudiedthedynamicsoffishpopulationswiththeobjectiveofdeterminingtherelationbetweentheamountoffishingandthesustainablecatch.

Clearly,sciencemayinvolvenotonlycarefulobservationbutalsoawillingnesstobecreative;thismayentaillookingbeyondexistingparadigmsgoverningresearchinagivenareaofstudy.

Practitionersexplicitlyinterpretwhattheyobserve,andoftencategorizetheirdataafterthedatacollectionprocessiscompleteandfromtheperspectivesofthepeopletheyobserving.

Thesubjectofsocialscienceinquiryispatternedsocialregularities.Asearchfortheseregularitiesshowsthatmosthumanbehavior,frombigandmomentousactstosmallandinsignificantones,ispatterned.

WallStreetislivingonborrowedtime.SincetheOctober1987crashsecuritiestradinghasbeendepressed,retailinvestorshavehurriedoutofstocksandtheissueofnewsharestockshasbeendecreasedsharply.

Infact,thecollationoftheselistshasbeenenoughtopulldownourvanity;forthemoreonelooksatwhatisavailableinanunfamiliarfield,themoreurgent,thedesireonefeelstoabandontheaffectationsoftheeditorandassumethemodestythestudent.

Ofalltheareasoflearning,themostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customsbeliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.

Whilepopulationswerelowandstablelittlepermanentdamagewasdone,butwithasteadyincreaseinthesizeandnumberofhumancommunitiestheforestandsoilhavelittletimetorecover.

【答案】在過(guò)去的四十年里，西方漁業(yè)科學(xué)家研究了魚類種群的動(dòng)態(tài)，目的是確定漁獲量與魚類數(shù)量之間的關(guān)系。

顯然，科學(xué)不僅包括仔細(xì)觀察，而且還要樂(lè)于創(chuàng)新；這可能需要超越現(xiàn)有的在某一特定領(lǐng)域管理研究的模式。

從業(yè)者明確解釋他們所觀察到的內(nèi)容，并且通常在數(shù)據(jù)收集過(guò)程完成后，從他們觀察到的人的角度對(duì)他們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類。

社會(huì)科學(xué)探究的對(duì)象是模式化的社會(huì)常規(guī)。對(duì)這些常規(guī)的調(diào)查顯示了大多數(shù)人類的行為都是模式化的，從重大的行為到微小的行為。

華爾街以借來(lái)的時(shí)間為生。自從1987年10月的證券市場(chǎng)崩潰以來(lái)，散戶投資者紛紛撤出股票，新股發(fā)行大幅減少。

事實(shí)上，對(duì)這些清單的整理已經(jīng)足夠消除我們的虛榮心了。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人越多地看一個(gè)陌生領(lǐng)域中的東西，他就越迫切地想要放棄的編輯的裝模作樣，并承擔(dān)起學(xué)生的謙遜。

在所有學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域中，最重要的是培養(yǎng)態(tài)度。情感反應(yīng)和邏輯思維過(guò)程影響著大多數(shù)人的行為。

文化是一個(gè)特定群體的所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和生活方式的總和。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，每一個(gè)群體都有一種文化，無(wú)論在我們看來(lái)它是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的還是不文明的。

如果我們接受我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全了解另一個(gè)人的想法，它使我們能夠更容易地處理如秘密和欺騙那些阻礙我們獲得準(zhǔn)確信息的事物。

雖然過(guò)去人口少且穩(wěn)定，可造成的永久性損害很少，但隨著人類社區(qū)規(guī)模和數(shù)量的穩(wěn)步增加森林和土壤幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間恢復(fù)。

8.單選題

Thisdiplomaisimportant,which（

）thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amplifies

B.certifies

C.clarifies

D.magnifies

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amplify“放大，擴(kuò)大”；B選項(xiàng)certify“證明”；C選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清，闡明”；D選項(xiàng)magnify“贊美，夸大”。

句意：這個(gè)文憑很重要，它能證明你已經(jīng)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured____thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardwith

D.bymeansof

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.inlinewith與……一致B.intermsof就……而言

C.inregardwith無(wú)此表達(dá)D.bymeansof通過(guò)……方式

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】空格前語(yǔ)義為“一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富應(yīng)該被衡量”，空格后語(yǔ)義為“人民的健康和幸福，以及它所能生產(chǎn)的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品”，由此可知，后者為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家財(cái)富的兩種方式或兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，D選項(xiàng)bymeansof“通過(guò)……方式”最符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“與……一致”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)intermsof“就……而言”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)inregardwith，其正確表達(dá)為in/withregardto“關(guān)于；至于”。

【句意】一個(gè)國(guó)家的財(cái)富應(yīng)該用國(guó)民的健康和幸福以及它所能生產(chǎn)的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品來(lái)衡量。

10.單選題

W:Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:Well,Iunderstandthelectures,butIgetmixedupwhenItrytoreadthebook.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hedoesn’treallyunderstandthelectures.

B.Thebookisconfusing.

C.Thelectureisnotveryclear.

D.Thebookistoodifficultforhim.

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)男士的話“講課的內(nèi)容我都理解了，但讀書的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)又混亂了”可知B選項(xiàng)‘這本書令人困惑?！_。

11.單選題

Thecourtconsidersafinancial____tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.payment

B.obligation

C.option

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析與上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)payment“應(yīng)付的款項(xiàng)總額”；B選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)；責(zé)任”；C選項(xiàng)option“選擇；選擇權(quán)”；D選項(xiàng)penalty“罰款；罰金”。句意：法院認(rèn)為財(cái)務(wù)____是懲罰他的合適方法。根據(jù)“懲罰”推斷D選項(xiàng)“罰款”最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

12.填空題

Is（1）acarreallysuchagoodidea?Thinkofhowmuchfuelitwouldneed,andofthecostofmaintenanceandinsurance.Inthisneighborhoodyou’dprobablyhavetopayafeeto（2）itatnight.OnyoursalaryIreally（3）thatyoucan（4）it.Asafriend,Iwould（5）

youtowaituntilyourfinancialsituationimproves.

大意:買車真的是個(gè)好想法嗎？想想它需要多少油耗，維修和保養(yǎng)要多少花費(fèi)。在這附近，晚上，你可能需要付費(fèi)停車。以你的工資，我真懷疑你能買得起。作為朋友，我建議，等你經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況有所提高后再買。

【答案】1.buying

2.park

3.doubt

4.afford

5.advise

【解析】1.詞匯題。此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的ing形式,賓語(yǔ)為acar。本段講的應(yīng)該是關(guān)于“購(gòu)買一輛車”。

2.詞匯題。句意:在這附近，晚上，你可能需要付費(fèi)停車。因此此處填入動(dòng)詞原形park。

3.詞匯題。句意:以你的工資，我真懷疑你能否買得起。

4.詞匯題。此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,而且表示“買得起”,故填afford。

5.詞匯題?？崭裉帒?yīng)填一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容推測(cè)此處應(yīng)該是給與建議。因此填advise，advisesb.Todosth.建議某人做某事。

13.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelittleboyisrestlessandnaughty.

B.Themanwillhelptakecareofthelittleboy.

C.Thewomanhastospendthedayinthelab.

D.Thewoman’ssonshouldnotstayinthelab.

【答案】D

【解析】9.W:Hi,Tony.Thisismyson,Philippe.Therewasaproblemwithhisdaycaretoday.He’llbespendingthedayhereinthelabwithme.I’llteachthemallaboutdoingresearch.

M:Well,I’mnotsurethisisagoodplaceforalittleboy.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：這個(gè)男人什么意思？由文中“He’llbespendingthedayhereinthelabwithme.（他今天會(huì)和我一起待在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。）”和“Well,I’mnotsurethisisagoodplaceforalittleboy.（我不確定這個(gè)地方適合一個(gè)小男孩待著。）”，可知D選項(xiàng)“Thewoman’ssonshouldnotstayinthelab.（女士的孩子不應(yīng)該帶到實(shí)驗(yàn)室）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“小男孩又好動(dòng)又淘氣”；B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)男人會(huì)幫助照顧這個(gè)小男孩”；C選項(xiàng)“女人不得不整天待在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里”不符合原文。

14.單選題

Thisstudyinvolvesmonitoringthesleep（）of100mentallyhealthypeopleaged45to80.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orders

B.rules

C.patterns

D.characters

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orders“順序；命令”；B選項(xiàng)rules“規(guī)則”；C選項(xiàng)patterns“模式”；D選項(xiàng)characters“特征”。句意：這項(xiàng)研究包括監(jiān)測(cè)100名45歲至80歲精神健康的人的睡眠（）。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theconference（）afullweekbythetimeitends.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavelasted

B.willhavelasted

C.wouldlast

D.haslasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干以及選項(xiàng)可知本題考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法，又根據(jù)bythetimeitends：到會(huì)議結(jié)束的時(shí)候，以及句意可知本題應(yīng)該使用將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)，因此選項(xiàng)B為正確選項(xiàng)。句意：到會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)將已經(jīng)持續(xù)整整一周了。

16.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論，也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論，是用于理解社會(huì)，正式對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的框架。理性，被解釋為“對(duì)最大利益的追求”，在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中被廣泛用作個(gè)人行為的假設(shè)，并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和哲學(xué)的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)特定目標(biāo)，而不考慮該目標(biāo)的價(jià)值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運(yùn)用理性行為者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

在理性選擇理論中，這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的，而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說(shuō)，嚴(yán)格的理性選擇理論不會(huì)根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨，內(nèi)疚，或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，理性選擇理論并不涉及個(gè)人道德或倫理意識(shí)在決策中的作用。因此，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者AmartyaSen認(rèn)為，遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

17.填空題

ThecompanythatIwork（1）hasjust（2）thatitisopeningnewstoresinthefive（3）citiesinIndia.

【答案】1.for;

2.announced;

3.biggest

【解析】1.固定搭配。thatIwork為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞Thecompany,因此填介詞for合適,workfor為…效力。

2.語(yǔ)義題。第二空應(yīng)填入一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而且由空前的hasjust推測(cè)應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。故announced“宣布”合適。

3.語(yǔ)義題。第三空應(yīng)為形容詞修飾cities，故填biggest。thefivebiggestcitiesinIndia印度最大的五個(gè)城市。

18.單選題

X.IntellectualProperties

UnitedStatesjoinedtheBerneConventionfortheProtectionofLiteraryandArtisticWorksin1989.Initsinitialimplementationact,CongressawardednoprotectiontoworksthathadfalleninthepublicdomainintheUnitedStates.

Thiswaschallengedasaviolationofthe