考研考博-英語-中山大學(xué)南方學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中山大學(xué)南方學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

In1959JacouesCousteausoundedthealarm:theMediterraneanwasdying.DivingoffFrance’ssoutherncoast,Cousteaufoundamarinedesertthatafewyearsearlierhadteemedwithfishandplants.Heblamedpoisonsfromthelargeurbanandindustrialcomplexesbuiltnearthesea.Cousteaucrystallizedgrowingpublicconcernoverpollutionoftheworld’sseasandoceans.Bythe1960s,oilspills,chemicalsandsewagewereturningareasoftheBalticintotoxiccesspools,heavymetalsandDDThadaccumulatedinfishandshellfishfromtheAtlantictotheChinaSea,causingcarnageamongbirdsthatatethemandpoisoningpeople.

Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistoindividual.Theycontainthehistoryofourrace,thediscoverieswehavemade,theaccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceofages；theypictureforusthemarvelsandbeautiesofnature,helpusinourdifficulties,comfortusinsorrowandinsuffering,changehoursofwearinessintomomentsofdelight,storeourmindswithideas,fillthemwithgoodandhappythoughts,andliftusoutofandaboveourselves.

【答案】1959年，雅克?庫斯都敲響了警鐘，地中海正在死亡。庫斯都在法國(guó)南部海岸潛水時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)海洋沙漠，然而在幾年前這里盛產(chǎn)魚和海洋植物。他認(rèn)為造成此現(xiàn)象的原因是海邊建立的大型城市和工業(yè)中心排放的有毒物質(zhì)。庫斯都讓人們對(duì)海洋污染問題的關(guān)注越來越具體化了。到了20世紀(jì)60年代，泄漏的石油、化學(xué)物質(zhì)和污水將波羅的海地區(qū)變成了有毒的污水坑。從大西洋到中國(guó)海域，魚類貝類體內(nèi)積累了大量的重金屬和殺蟲劑，重金屬和殺蟲劑在魚類和貝類體內(nèi)沉積，食用了它們的鳥類大量滅絕，并且也會(huì)使人們中毒。

書籍對(duì)于人類的作用就相當(dāng)于記憶對(duì)于個(gè)人的作用。書籍承載了我們種族的歷史、時(shí)代的一些探索發(fā)現(xiàn)以及日益積累的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。書籍為我們描繪了大自然的美麗，幫助我們擺脫困境，在我們悲傷和痛苦時(shí)安慰我們，使疲倦的時(shí)光變得歡樂，使我們的大腦充滿各種思想和觀念，充之以美好快樂的想法，并且不停地超越提升自我。

2.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Fortoolong,asmallgroupinourCapitalhasreapedtherewardsofgovernmentwhilethepeoplehavebornethecost.Washingtonflourished,butthepeopledidnotshareinitswealth.Politiciansprospered,butthejobsleft,andthefactoriesclosed.Theirvictorieshavenotbeenyourvictories;theirtriumphshavenotbeenyourtriumphs;andwhiletheycelebratedinourCapital,therewaslittletocelebrateforstrugglingfamiliesallacrossourland.

【答案】長(zhǎng)期以來，我們首都的一小部分人攫取了政府的利益，而代價(jià)卻由人民來承擔(dān)。華盛頓欣欣向榮，人民卻沒有分享到財(cái)富。政客們興旺發(fā)達(dá)，工作機(jī)會(huì)卻越來越少，工廠紛紛倒閉。他們的勝利不是你們的勝利；他們的成功不是你們的成功；當(dāng)他們?cè)谖覀兊氖锥細(xì)g呼慶祝時(shí)，這片土地上無數(shù)掙扎的家庭卻沒有什么值得慶祝的。

3.單選題

Hesaidthathe’dsoonerdiethan（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.betray

B.tobetray

C.betrayed

D.begraying

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他聲稱自己寧死也不會(huì)背叛自己的祖國(guó)。

固定搭配。hadsooner+動(dòng)詞原形+thandosth.寧可做某事而不做某事。

4.單選題

Thefactory’swastewasfoundtobedetrimentaltotheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmful

B.helpful

C.harmless

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A項(xiàng)harmful“有害的”，B項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的”，C項(xiàng)harmless“無害的”，D項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的”。句意：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這家工廠的廢物對(duì)環(huán)境有害。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andPlexiglasweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswilleitherimproveourstandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocess,isnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholdersconcernedaboutcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoequatethemonopolisticproducerwithbountifulexpendituresonresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexceptfromstrongcompetitivepressures.ThereareinstancesinwhichtheytoomustcompetewithanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

36.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury（）.

38.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

39.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

40.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’smainpoint?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wereproducedlargelyasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment.

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolisticindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Expendituresforvariousaspectsofresearcharelisted.

B.Reasonsforsupportingmonopolisticpoweraregivenandthenquestioned.

C.Argumentsarepresentedforminimizingcompetitivebiddingforresearch.

D.Resourcesnecessaryforresearcharedefined.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Monopolisticpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.

B.Governmentalexpenditureformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources.

C.Industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangethansmallerfirmsdo.

D.Firmswithasmallshareofthemarketaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Inthelastdecade,conglomerateshavesignificantlyincreasedtheirresearchbudgetsfordefensetechnology.

B.Taxrestructuringpermitssmallerfirmstowriteoffalargerpercentageofprofitsagainstresearch.

C.Aten-yearstudyoftheextentofresourcesdevotedtoresearchbysmallerenterprisesrevealsasteadydecline.

D.Militaryresearchisbeingdirectedmoreextensivelytospacetechnologythantoshort-rangemissiles.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.主旨目的題。文章第一段是全文的主題段，前兩句的對(duì)比指出了文章的主旨，“Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.”即大型工業(yè)的發(fā)展不代表工業(yè)研究投入的增加。從而得出本題答案。

37.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞importantinventions定位到原文第一段第二句?！癆recentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.（最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于世紀(jì)之交以來重要發(fā)明的研究顯示，超過一半的發(fā)明是獨(dú)立于有組織的工業(yè)研究的單個(gè)發(fā)明家的發(fā)明。）”從而得出本題答案。

38.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段。第二段第二句“Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.”指出，用于改善生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究只能由大型企業(yè)承擔(dān)，但在第三句“Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.”又指出，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)政府支出的用于工業(yè)研究的資金有一大部分用于防御項(xiàng)目，有人對(duì)這些研究是否會(huì)提高生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出質(zhì)疑。從而得出本題答案。

39.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第三段最后一句?！癇ycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.（相比之下，小公司不受大型工廠和資本設(shè)備投資的阻礙，往往積極追求新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)品，投資于創(chuàng)新，以擴(kuò)大其市場(chǎng)份額。）”即可得出本題答案。

40.

細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。通過閱讀文章后發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者的主要觀點(diǎn)是看好小公司的發(fā)展前途，所以削弱的話，必然是對(duì)小公司進(jìn)行負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，從而得出本題答案。

6.單選題

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould（）.

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或許最重要的原因是，這個(gè)問題一直以來都帶有濃厚的政治色彩。由此可知B選項(xiàng)involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把歷史偏見放在一邊，采取一些措施來解決我們迫切的住房需求。由此可知C選項(xiàng)sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏見符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部長(zhǎng)唐福斯特暗示，財(cái)政大臣喬治奧斯本可能會(huì)對(duì)地方政府現(xiàn)有的住房債務(wù)上限引入更多的靈活性。由此可知A選項(xiàng)allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允許政府增加住房債務(wù)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部長(zhǎng)們還應(yīng)著眼于在租賃環(huán)境中創(chuàng)造更大的確定性，這將對(duì)已注冊(cè)供應(yīng)商從收入中為新開發(fā)項(xiàng)目提供資金的能力產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.”盡管這些措施在短期內(nèi)會(huì)受到歡迎，但我們必須正視這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：將于2015年到期的、為新保障性住房提供資金的現(xiàn)有45億英鎊資助計(jì)劃，不太可能在2015年之后延長(zhǎng)。以及文章最后提到的“Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate（我們需要適應(yīng)這個(gè)正在變化的情形）”，thisclimate指的也是政府將不會(huì)提供大規(guī)模撥款，由此可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“極端”；wreckage“殘骸”；supremacy“至高無上”。句意：捐贈(zèng)者的疲倦和這個(gè)國(guó)家的極端貧困導(dǎo)致希望越來越渺茫。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationforthegreaterjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedState.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitivity

B.creativity

C.stability

D.security

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)sensitivity“敏感性”；B選項(xiàng)creativity“創(chuàng)造性”；C選項(xiàng)stability“穩(wěn)定性”；D選項(xiàng)security“安全性”。

句意：日本工作的穩(wěn)定性和美國(guó)工作的流動(dòng)性形成對(duì)比，對(duì)此有幾種可能的解釋。根據(jù)下文的關(guān)鍵詞“mobility”可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.單選題

Thefootballerscoredwithsuch（

）thatthegoalkeeperdidn’tstandthechanceofsavingthegoal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vein

B.veil

C.vicinity

D.velocity

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vein“血管”；B選項(xiàng)veil“面紗，面罩”；C選項(xiàng)vicinity“臨近，附近”；D選項(xiàng)velocity“速度”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“footballer足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”和that后面的句子意思“以至于守門員沒有機(jī)會(huì)挽救進(jìn)球”，可知空格部分意思為“速度”，句意為：這個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)球如此快，以至于對(duì)方守門員沒有機(jī)會(huì)挽救進(jìn)球。正確答案選D。

10.單選題

Thelovethat（）takesupresidenceinthesoulandhelpscompleteus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stands

B.bears

C.endure

D.lengthens

【答案】C

【解析】stand"忍受,抵抗";bear"忍受,支撐";endure"持續(xù),忍耐";lengthen"變長(zhǎng),延長(zhǎng)"。句意：愛持續(xù)占據(jù)靈魂,使我們變得完整。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingshortEnglishpassagesintoChinese,whichshouldbewrittenonyourAnswerSheet.

Manypeoplehavebeendeeplyinfluencedbythesekindsofpronouncements,andhavegraduallybeguntochangetheirwayoflifeasaresult.Theyareexercisingmore,havegivenuporcutdownsmoking,andhavealsobeguntoeatmorehealthily.

Ontheonehand,doctorswarnthateatingtoomuchmeatisacauseofheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure,andontheothersaythateatingvegetablesandfruithelpstosustainhealth.Manypeoplehavegivenupmeatasamatterofprinciple.Somebelievethatitiswrongtokilllivingthings,orbelievethatbecauseraisinganimalsneedsmorelandthangrowingvegetablecrops,itisawasteoftheworld'sscarceresourcestoeatmeat.

【答案】很多人已深受這些類型的聲明的影響，結(jié)果他們已逐漸開始改變自己的生活方式。他們正在做更多的鍛煉，已放棄或減少吸煙，并且也開始更健康地飲食。

一方面，醫(yī)生警告稱食肉過多是心臟病和高血壓發(fā)生的一個(gè)原因。另外一方面,醫(yī)生稱吃蔬菜和水果有助于維持健康。許多人因?yàn)樵瓌t問題己放棄吃肉。一些人認(rèn)為殺害生物是不對(duì)的，或認(rèn)為因?yàn)轱曫B(yǎng)動(dòng)物比種植蔬菜作物需要更多的土地，所以吃肉是對(duì)世界稀少資源的一種浪費(fèi)。

12.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。absorption“吸收”；transition“傳送，過渡，傳遞”；consumption“消費(fèi)，消耗”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：從固體變成液體，水要吸收周圍所有物體的熱量，這種吸收會(huì)導(dǎo)致周圍環(huán)境變冷。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.案例題

Apowerfulpersonalgrowthtoolisthe30-daytrial.ThisisaconceptIborrowedfromthesharewareindustry,whereyoucan（1）atrialversionofapieceofsoftwareandtryitoutrisk-freefor30daysbeforeyou'rerequiredtobuythe（2）version.It'salsoagreatwaytodevelopnew（3）,andbestofall,it'sbrain-deadsimple.Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabitlikeanexerciseprogramor（4）abadhabitlikesuckingoncancersticks.Weallknowthatgetting（5）andstickingwiththenewhabitforafewweeksisthehardpart.Onceyou'veovercomeinertia,it'smucheasiertokeepgoing.Yetweoftenpsycheourselvesoutofgettingstartedby（6）thinkingaboutthechangeassomething（7）beforewe'veevenbegun.Itseemstoooverwhelmingtothinkaboutmakingabigchangeand（8）withiteverydayfortherestofyourlifewhenyou'restillhabituatedtodoingthe（9）.Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,themoreyou（10）whereyouare.Butwhatifyouthoughtaboutmakingthechangeonly（11）sayfor30days—andthenyou'refreetogobacktoyouroldhabits?Thatdoesn'tseemsohardanymore.Exercisedailyforjust30days,thenquit,maintaina（12）organizeddeskfor30days,thenslackoff.Readforanhouradayfor30days,thengobacktowatchingTV.

Couldyoudoit?Itstill（13）abitofdisciplineandcommitment,butnotnearlysomuchasmakingapermanentchange.Any（14）deprivationisonlytemporary.Youcan（15）downthedaystofreedom.Andforatleast30days,you'llgainsomebenefit.It,'snotsobaD.Youcanhandleit.It'sonlyonemonthoutofyourlife.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

Temporary

download

commitment

neatly

require

mentally

count

opposite

stay

discipline

permanent

habit

overcome

stick

adopt

full

free

perceive

quit

start

【答案】1.download

2.full

3.habits

4.quit

5.started

6.mentally

7.permanent

8.sticking

9.opposite

10.stay

11.commitment

12.neatly

13.requires

14.perceived

15.count

【解析】1.根據(jù)句意,下載某種軟件,用downloadsoftware。

2.fullversion指完整版。句意：下載某個(gè)軟件的免費(fèi)試用版使用30天后,你會(huì)被要求購買完整版。

3.從下文的"Let'ssayyouwanttostartanewhabit."可推測(cè),填空處也應(yīng)該填入habit,且為復(fù)數(shù)。

4.quitabadhabit指改正某個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。

5.根據(jù)句意：我們都知道,開始并堅(jiān)持幾個(gè)星期的新習(xí)慣是困難的。先開始才能堅(jiān)持。

6.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知這里應(yīng)該用副詞修飾thinking,根據(jù)上文的psych推斷mentally正確。

7.根據(jù)下文"Themoreyouthinkaboutthechangeassomethingpermanent,..."可知此處也應(yīng)填入permanent。

8.stickwith堅(jiān)持,文中多次出現(xiàn)。

9.dotheopposite為固定用法,意為背道而馳。

10.根據(jù)句意：你越認(rèn)為這種改變是永久性的,你就會(huì)在原地待得越久。這里指保持現(xiàn)狀。

11.make…commitment為固定搭配,意為"做出……的承諾"。

12.maintainaneatlyorganizeddesk保持課桌的干凈整潔。

13.根據(jù)句意：盡管它依然完成了一些紀(jì)律和承諾,但遠(yuǎn)沒有達(dá)到永久改變的程度。

14.句意：任何感知到的剝奪都只是暫時(shí)的。

15.countdown為固定搭配,意為"倒數(shù)"。

14.單選題

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（）fivemiles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.apparently

D.approximately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)precisely表示“精確地，恰恰”；B選項(xiàng)appropriately表示“恰當(dāng)?shù)?，合適地”；C選項(xiàng)apparently表示“顯然地，表面上”；D選項(xiàng)approximately表示“大約，近似地”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistance可知，我們沒有辦法測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確距離。所以后文中的距離只能是大約值，因此本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。【句意】我們沒有辦法測(cè)量走過的準(zhǔn)確距離，但我們認(rèn)為大約是5英里。

15.單選題

TheeasternpartofAustraliais（）inclimatetothatofthewesternpart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.superior

C.prosperous

D.splendid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)productive“多產(chǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)superior“優(yōu)越的，上級(jí)的”；C選項(xiàng)prosperous“繁榮的，興旺的”；D選項(xiàng)splendid“輝煌的，燦爛的”。句意：澳大利亞東部的氣候比西部的氣候好。本句有一個(gè)比較關(guān)系，besuperiorto“比……好，優(yōu)于……”，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Inordertocontrolanddefeatthedreadfuldiseasesthat____humanity,concertedactivityisnecessary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infect

B.eliminate

C.incredulous

D.plague

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infect感染；傳染B.eliminate消除；排除

C.incredulous懷疑的；不輕信的D.plague困擾；折磨

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】首先，空格處是從句謂語，應(yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，其次，該詞的賓語為人類，主語為致命的疾病，D選項(xiàng)plague“困擾；折磨”符合語義邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)infect“感染，傳染”，沒有足夠的信息表明疾病是傳染?。?/p>

B選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除；排除”，疾病還不足以消滅人類；

C選項(xiàng)incredulous“懷疑的；不輕信的”，該詞為形容詞，非動(dòng)詞，不符合語境。

【句意】為了控制和戰(zhàn)勝困擾人類的致命的疾病，協(xié)調(diào)一致的行動(dòng)是必要的。

17.單選題

AbullgrazesondrywheathusksinLogan,Kansas,oneoftheregionshitbytherecorddroughtthathasaffectedmorethanhalfoftheUSandisexpectedtodriveupfoodprices.

Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.

Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.

“900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease.”theysaid.“With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedanadditional2billionpeopleby2050willplacepressureonavailablewaterandland.”

ThereportisbeingreleasedatthestartoftheannualworldwaterconferenceinStockholm,Sweden,where2,500politicians,UNbodies,non-governmentalgroupsandresearchersfrom120countriesmeettoaddressglobalwatersupplyproblems.

Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswillintensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid.“TheUNpredictsthatwemustincreasefoundproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.Thiswillplaceadditionalpressureonour‘a(chǎn)lreadystressedwaterresources’atatimewhenwealsoneedtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand…whichisexpectedtorise60%overthecoming30years—andtogenerateelectricityforthe1.3billionpeoplecurrentlywithoutit”saidthereport.

Overeating,undernourishmentandwasteareallontheriseandincreasedfoodproductionmayfacefutureconstraintsfromwaterscarcity.

“Wewillneedanewrecipetofeedtheworldinthefuture,”saidthereport’seditor,AndersJagerskog.

AseparatereportfromtheInternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)saidthebestwayforcountriestoprotectmillionsoffarmersfromfoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsiawastohelptheminvestinsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology,ratherthantodevelopexpensive,large-scaleirrigationprojects.

“Farmeracrossthedevelopingworldareincreasinglyrelyingonandbenefitingfromsmall-scale,locally-relevantwatersolutions.Thesetechniquescouldincreaseyieldsupto300%andaddtensofbillionsofUSdollarstohouseholdrevenuesacrosssubSaharanAfricaandsouthAsia,”SaidDr.ColinChartres,thedirectorgeneral.

56.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewaterscientists’warning?

57.Whatdothescientistssaycanbedonetoincreasefoodsupply?

58.Accordingtothewaterscientists’report,______.

59.Inregardtotheproblemofwatersupply,scientistsbelieve______.

60.WhatdoestheIWMIsayisthebestsolutiontofoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsia?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TherecorddroughtforceshalfoftheUStogohungry.

B.TherecorddroughtdrivesupfoodpricesintheUS.

C.Severefoodshortagemayhappenwithoutpropermeasures.

D.Avegetariandietistheonlyoptiontoavoiddisastrousshortages.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Growmoreanimalprotein-richfood.

B.Turnpasturesintoarablelands.

C.Promotetradebetweencountriesself-sufficientinfood.

D.Increasetheamountofwaterforfoodproduction.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.percapitafoodproductionhasbeenincreasing

B.reducedfoodsupplywillmakemorepeoplemalnourished

C.70%ofwaterwillbeusedtofeed2billionpeopleby2050

D.researchersbegintoseeksolutionstotacklewaterproblem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.morewatershouldbeallocatedtosatisfyenergydemand

B.foodproductionmustbeincreasedto70%bymid-century

C.energydemandwillintensifypressureonwaterresources

D.electricitygenerationmustbeincreasedby60%30yearslater

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Applyingsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology.

B.Launchinglarge-scaleirrigationprojects.

C.Increasethelocalhouseholdrevenues.

D.Investinginanewexpensiveirrigationproject.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】56.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從水科學(xué)家的警告中可以推斷出什么？”。根據(jù)第二段Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternes