考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromiseofthe20thcentury.

Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity—evencomfort—foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays—lackoffoodwarmth,shelter—wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S).Laborunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintotobeingandofferedthepossibility—insomecasesthepromise—oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions.Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.

Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labor-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.

Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinecontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).Thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson’seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintoplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested—thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.

WhatbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts,Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.

ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.

TheEnronemployees’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they’reontheirown.

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,laborunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein______.

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof______.

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause______.

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.

D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.people’soutlookonlife

B.people’slifestyles

C.people’slivingstandard

D.people’ssocialvalues

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecorporatelay-offs

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespending

C.theeconomicrestructuring

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfuture

B.Enronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestment

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspending

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplan

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’?1.為什么作者在開(kāi)頭說(shuō)“安然公司的員工的悲慘命運(yùn)將成為商業(yè)歷史上的里程碑……”？

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.A.因?yàn)楣疽呀?jīng)破產(chǎn)了。

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.B.因?yàn)檫@樣的事情不會(huì)再發(fā)生了。

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.C.因?yàn)樵S多安然公司的員工失去了他們的退休儲(chǔ)蓄。

D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.D.因?yàn)樗鼧?biāo)志著經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段，最后三句指出“隨著安然股票的破產(chǎn)，成千上萬(wàn)的人失去了幾乎所有的退休儲(chǔ)蓄。但要確保這種情況不再發(fā)生，可能是不可能的，因?yàn)榘踩粏T工的突然貧困，比它看上去的更大。這是20世紀(jì)最大膽的承諾之一的最新轉(zhuǎn)折（thelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromise）。”，從中可知，安然公司的員工的悲慘命運(yùn)將成為商業(yè)歷史上的里程碑帶來(lái)了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，而第二段第一句提到“這一承諾保證了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家基本上每個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，甚至舒適”可知，這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折就是經(jīng)濟(jì)安全，綜合理解可知，第一段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)“安然公司的員工的悲慘命運(yùn)將成為商業(yè)歷史上的里程碑”，是因?yàn)樗鼧?biāo)志著經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼧?biāo)志著經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楣疽呀?jīng)破產(chǎn)了”、B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@樣的事情不會(huì)再發(fā)生了”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵S多安然公司的員工失去了他們的退休儲(chǔ)蓄”由解題思路可知，雖然這三項(xiàng)在第一段有提到，但并不是作者說(shuō)這句話的真正原因，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,laborunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein______.2.根據(jù)該文章，政府、工會(huì)和大企業(yè)為保證經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定而共同努力，導(dǎo)致了______的重大變化。

A.people’soutlookonlifeA.人們的人生觀

B.people’slifestylesB.人們的生活方式

C.people’slivingstandardC.人民的生活水平

D.people’ssocialvaluesD.人們的社會(huì)價(jià)值觀

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后三句的內(nèi)容“政府為有需要的人建立了福利體系，為老年人設(shè)立了單獨(dú)的項(xiàng)目（美國(guó)的社會(huì)保障）。工會(huì)不僅承諾為工人提供更高的工資，還承諾為退休人員提供養(yǎng)老金。大型企業(yè)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，并提供了終身就業(yè)和有保障的養(yǎng)老金的可能性——在某些情況下是承諾。這種累積效應(yīng)從根本上改變了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人對(duì)待生活本身（approachedlifeitself）的態(tài)度，這是人類(lèi)歷史上最大的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變之一?！笨芍?，政府、工會(huì)和大企業(yè)為保證經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定而共同努力的累積效應(yīng)是改變了人們對(duì)生活的態(tài)度，即人生觀。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)“人們的人生觀”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“人們的生活方式”、C項(xiàng)“人民的生活水平”和D項(xiàng)“人們的社會(huì)價(jià)值觀”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof______.3.養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃的變化也是______的一部分。

A.thecorporatelay-offsA.公司裁員

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespendingB.政府削減福利開(kāi)支

C.theeconomicrestructuringC.經(jīng)濟(jì)重組

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunionsD.工會(huì)發(fā)出警告

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“克林頓總統(tǒng)簽署了一項(xiàng)歷史性的削減福利的法案。美國(guó)人意識(shí)到社會(huì)保障不會(huì)為我們?nèi)魏稳颂峁┥鐣?huì)保障?！笨芍?，政府削減了福利，而第四段第一句開(kāi)頭指出“一個(gè)不太明顯但同樣重要的趨勢(shì)影響到養(yǎng)老金”，后面提及退休金計(jì)劃的改變，所以綜合理解可推知，養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃的改變也是政府削減福利開(kāi)支法案的一部分。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“政府削減福利開(kāi)支”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“公司裁員”和B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)重組”是就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全方面的影響，與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

C項(xiàng)“工會(huì)發(fā)出警告”在原文沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause______.4.成千上萬(wàn)的員工選擇安然公司作為他們唯一的投資選擇，主要是因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfutureA.401k計(jì)劃讓他們?yōu)樽约旱奈磥?lái)負(fù)責(zé)

B.EnronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestmentB.安然公司提出在他們的投資中增加公司股票

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspendingC.他們的雇主打算削減養(yǎng)老金支出

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplanD.安然公司提供類(lèi)似于固定收益計(jì)劃

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】第五段第三句指出“安然將每個(gè)員工繳納的401k養(yǎng)老金的一定比例與公司股票匹配，所以每個(gè)人最終都會(huì)在他或她的投資組合中得到一些安然的股票”，由此可知，安然公司讓投資者擁有他們公司的股票，因此很多員工選擇安然作為他們投資的唯一選擇。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)“安然公司提出在他們的投資中增加公司股票”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“401k計(jì)劃讓他們?yōu)樽约旱奈磥?lái)負(fù)責(zé)”在原文有提到，但與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

C項(xiàng)“他們的雇主打算削減養(yǎng)老金支出”是政府削減福利開(kāi)支法案對(duì)養(yǎng)老金的影響，與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

D項(xiàng)“安然公司提供類(lèi)似于固定收益計(jì)劃”根據(jù)解題思路可知，安然公司提供的是股票，而股票并不是固定收益，所以該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?5.哪一個(gè)不是從安然危機(jī)中吸取的教訓(xùn)？

A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.A.401k的資產(chǎn)應(yīng)該放置在一個(gè)以上的投資選擇。

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.B.員工必須為自己承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.C.因?yàn)楹茈y改變?nèi)藗兊南敕?，這樣的事情有可能再次發(fā)生。

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.D.未來(lái)的年輕人不會(huì)認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)安全是理所當(dāng)然的。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第二三四句“這就是為什么防止這樣的事情再次發(fā)生是不可能的。人們對(duì)‘我會(huì)被照顧’的態(tài)度的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變至少花了一代人的時(shí)間。返回可能需要同樣長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間?！笨芍?，人們自以為經(jīng)濟(jì)保障是理所當(dāng)然的，要想改變這種觀念要很久的時(shí)間，所以推斷，未來(lái)的年輕人還是會(huì)認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)安全是理所當(dāng)然的，D項(xiàng)“未來(lái)的年輕人不會(huì)認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)安全是理所當(dāng)然的”與這一分析相反，但符合題意。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“401k的資產(chǎn)應(yīng)該放置在一個(gè)以上的投資選擇”和B項(xiàng)“員工必須為自己承擔(dān)責(zé)任”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“但到目前為止，造成這一人間悲劇的最大原因是，成千上萬(wàn)的雇員在安然股票中的權(quán)重嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)。許多人將他們的401k資產(chǎn)全部投資于股票，而不是提供給他們的其他18種投資選擇。當(dāng)然，這并不明智，但有些人就是這么做的?！笨芍?，這兩項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹茈y改變?nèi)藗兊南敕ǎ@樣的事情有可能再次發(fā)生”由解題思路可知，要想改變?nèi)藗冏砸詾榻?jīng)濟(jì)保障是理所當(dāng)然的這種觀念要很久的時(shí)間，所以這樣的事情可能會(huì)再次發(fā)生，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

2.單選題

Alcoholscanalso（）judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impart

B.impact

C.impair

D.impose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)impart“傳授”，B項(xiàng)impact“影響”，C項(xiàng)impair“損害、削弱”，D項(xiàng)impose“利用”；句意：酒精也會(huì)影響你的判斷力，讓你在寒冷天氣的緊急情況下無(wú)法做出最佳或最明智的決定。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theuniversityrefusedtoaccepthimbecausehewasnot（

）foradmission.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.admissible

B.permissible

C.eligible

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。admissible意為“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意為“容許的，許可的”；eligible意為“有資格的，合格的，具備條件的”；suitable意為“合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

句意：這所大學(xué)拒絕接收他，因?yàn)樗缓先雽W(xué)資格。

4.單選題

Icouldn'tsleepbecausethetapinthebathroomwas______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.draining

B.dropping

C.spilling

D.dripping

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。drain“排水；流干”；drop“落下”；spill“溢出”；drip“使滴下；溢出”。句意：浴室的水龍頭一直在滴水，使我無(wú)法入睡。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大學(xué)教授遇到的學(xué)生往往是這樣的：除了會(huì)在試卷上寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)要答案之外，從不動(dòng)筆寫(xiě)任何東西，不怎么讀書(shū)，缺乏基本的數(shù)理技能，卻對(duì)自己的能力信心滿滿，還拒絕接受任何針對(duì)其作業(yè)的批評(píng)，甚至到了大哭大鬧的地步。

稍加批評(píng)，就得施以各種贊美鼓勵(lì)來(lái)緩和，以防引發(fā)對(duì)立情緒，或者情緒完全崩潰。

由于時(shí)間壓力，越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)老師自問(wèn)：“給學(xué)生什么樣的成績(jī)才能保證他們不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不會(huì)因?yàn)樽鳂I(yè)要求是否清晰而引發(fā)紛爭(zhēng)?”

因此，就不得不招進(jìn)更多不合要求的學(xué)生，還不得不留下他們，從而將爭(zhēng)取學(xué)業(yè)成功的負(fù)擔(dān)從學(xué)生身上轉(zhuǎn)嫁到老師身上。

如果有時(shí)間，教師可以進(jìn)行單獨(dú)輔導(dǎo)。但是學(xué)生的整體能力決定了在課堂上能夠嚴(yán)格要求他們的程度。

6.單選題

Amywaselectedchairmanofthecommitteebya（

）vote.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.synonymous

C.simultaneous

D.unanimous

【答案】D

【解析】ambiguous模糊不清的；synonymous同義的；simultaneous同時(shí)發(fā)生的；unanimous全體一致的。句意:艾米經(jīng)全體一致投票當(dāng)選為委員會(huì)主席。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Theseriouslookingmenindulgedthemselvesinaconversationasiftheywere（）ofthenoisycrowdssurroundingthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.negligible

B.discerned

C.ignorant

D.oblivious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)negligible“微不足道的”；B選項(xiàng)discerned“察覺(jué)，辨別”；C選項(xiàng)ignorant“無(wú)知的”；D選項(xiàng)oblivious“健忘的”。句意：這些外表嚴(yán)肅的人沉浸在會(huì)話當(dāng)中，似乎對(duì)周?chē)须s的人群一無(wú)所知。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.agaseouscloudcontainingheavyelements

B.anintermediatestagebetweenanordinarystarandasupernova

C.thecoreofanordinarystarthathousesthethermonuclearreactions

D.oneofbillionsofmeteorsthatarescatteredacrossthegalaxybyasupernova

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.containdangerousconcentrationsofradioactivematerials

B.arelargerthanthemeteorsnormallyfoundinasolarsystemlikeours

C.containpiecesofasupernovathatoccurredseveralbillionyearsago

D.includematerialnotcreatedinthenormaldevelopmentofoursolarsystem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AnordinarystarbeginstoemittremendousquantitiesofX-rays.

B.Animbalancebetweenlightandheavyelementscausesanordinarystartocollapse.

C.Acloudofinterstellargasrichincarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,collapsestoformaneutronsstar.

D.Anordinarystarexhaustsitssupplyofnuclearfuelandbeginstocollapse.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.lifeonEarthisendangeredbyitsconstantexposuretoradiationforcesthatarereleasedbyasupernova

B.lighterelementsareformedfromheavierelementsduringasupernovaastheheavierelementsaretomapart

C.itissometimeseasiertodetectsupernovasbyobservationoftheX-rayspectrumthanbyobservationofvisiblewavelengthsoflight

D.recentlydiscoveredmeteoritesindicatethatEarthandotherplanetsofoursolarsystemsurvivedtheexplosionofasupernovaseveralbillionyearsago

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.本題要求找到這篇文章最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。因?yàn)槲闹袥](méi)有提到和重點(diǎn)關(guān)注地球上的生命，排除D選項(xiàng)“地球上的生命的起源和演化”；supernova作為本文的高頻詞和關(guān)鍵詞確定文章講的是與超新星有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故應(yīng)排除B項(xiàng)“宇宙中的激變”；通過(guò)分析文章可知主要是介紹了超新星的起源以及為宇宙所帶來(lái)的影響，A選項(xiàng)“超新星的起源和影響”作為標(biāo)題最適合。

2.題目是問(wèn)中子星的定義。根據(jù)第一段中的描述超新星爆炸加熱氣態(tài)云并且壓縮體積巨大的氣態(tài)云形成新的恒星。中間階段類(lèi)似漏氣的氣球，不斷產(chǎn)生能量保持內(nèi)外壓力，最終能量耗盡，星體內(nèi)部塌陷，形成高密度和高溫星體，原子和電子融合形成超級(jí)物質(zhì)，就被稱為中子星。所以B選項(xiàng)“介于一顆普通恒星與超新星之間的中間階段”正確。

3.本題是問(wèn)第三段中作者提到的隕石……。A項(xiàng)意為“包含著危險(xiǎn)的有放射性物質(zhì)的聚集”；B項(xiàng)意為“比在像我們一樣的太陽(yáng)系中發(fā)現(xiàn)的流星更大”；C項(xiàng)意為“包含數(shù)塊在數(shù)億年前就存在的超新星”；D項(xiàng)意為“不包括在我們的太陽(yáng)系的發(fā)展中創(chuàng)造出的物質(zhì)”。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.最近關(guān)于隕石的發(fā)現(xiàn)包括有某些異常的核素的聚集表明了一個(gè)超新星可能比我們太陽(yáng)系產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間早45億年時(shí)間。確定C選項(xiàng)“包含數(shù)塊在數(shù)億年前就存在的超新星”正確。

4.本題是問(wèn)導(dǎo)致超新星存在的第一個(gè)首要的事件是什么。根據(jù)第一段的描述：在每一百年中有兩次銀河系中的大質(zhì)量的恒星就會(huì)在超新星爆炸中將自己分解并發(fā)射大量的輻射物質(zhì)并進(jìn)入太空生成沖擊波而席卷整個(gè)銀河系。這種星級(jí)氣體加熱激波，蒸發(fā)了小云朵，并壓縮較大的一些到達(dá)在自身引力作用下的爆發(fā)點(diǎn)最終形成新的恒星，最終會(huì)形成中子星。所以D選項(xiàng)“一顆普通的恒星耗盡供應(yīng)的核燃料并開(kāi)始爆炸”是第一個(gè)發(fā)生的事件。

5.由第二段中的內(nèi)容soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.因此，x射線天文臺(tái)對(duì)超新星現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)提供了一些最有用的洞見(jiàn)也就不足為奇了。確定C選項(xiàng)“有時(shí)候通過(guò)觀察X射線光譜來(lái)探測(cè)超新星比通過(guò)觀察可見(jiàn)光波段來(lái)探測(cè)更容易”正確。

9.翻譯題

6.Insteadofbeingapproachedbyhumanpersonnel,thebankfoyerisstaffedbyarobot,whichservesasthebanklobbymanager,andisabletocommunicatewithcustomerstomeettheirneedsandsolvetheirproblems.Thedifferencebetweenatraditionalself-servicebankandtheunmannedbankistheintelligentself-serviceequipmentwhichisabletoaccessvariousbankingserviceswithinthebranch.

【答案】【參考譯文】

6.在銀行大廳迎客的不是人類(lèi)員工，而是作為銀行大堂經(jīng)理配備的一個(gè)機(jī)器人，它能與客戶交流互動(dòng)以滿足其需要并解決其問(wèn)題。傳統(tǒng)的自助銀行和無(wú)人銀行之間的區(qū)別在于智能自助服務(wù)設(shè)備，它能夠訪問(wèn)分支機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)的各種銀行服務(wù)。

10.單選題

Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyfortop-flightstafftravelandtelevisioncommercials.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dubiously

B.potently

C.profusely

D.candidly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞lavishly意為“豐富地；浪費(fèi)地；大方地”；A選項(xiàng)“dubiously”意為“懷疑地；可疑地”；B選項(xiàng)“potently”意為“有說(shuō)服力地；強(qiáng)有力地；有效力地”；C選項(xiàng)“profusely”意為“豐富地；不吝惜地；大量地”；D選項(xiàng)“candidly”意為“坦白地；率直地；直率而誠(chéng)懇地”。句意：此外，競(jìng)選活動(dòng)本身得到了慷慨的資助，有足夠的錢(qián)用于一流的工作人員旅行和電視廣告。由題干可知，withplentyofmoney（有足夠的錢(qián)）說(shuō)明financed（資助）肯定是充足的，或者數(shù)量巨大的。由此可知，lavishly在此處最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it（）,wasthatliewasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasturnedout

B.turnedout

C.beingturnedout

D.wasbeingturnedout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:后來(lái)證明他的財(cái)產(chǎn)被國(guó)家沒(méi)收的原因是，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間他參與了欺詐活動(dòng)。

語(yǔ)法題。分析句子可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),固定搭配turnout“結(jié)果（證明）是”用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即可。

12.單選題

Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.inverse

C.reverse

D.averse

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意為“這份報(bào)紙的發(fā)行量似乎與它所包含的新聞量成反比”，這句話想要表達(dá)的是報(bào)紙發(fā)行量太少，inreverse表達(dá)“相反”的意思使得句子邏輯成立。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

Howmanypeoplearesufferingfromlabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityisfrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherpart-timeworkingbecauseoftheinabilitytofindfulltimework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailingsinthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,andhence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

16.Whichofthefollowingdoes“l(fā)abormarketproblems”(Paragraph1)referto?

17.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat____.

18.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

19.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat____.

20.Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingofworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytim