考研考博-英語-北京農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

問題1選項

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。A選項surround“圍繞，包圍”；B選項circle“盤旋，環(huán)繞……移動”；C選項observe“觀察，遵守”；D選項view“觀察，考慮”。句意：為了熟悉飛機(jī)的操縱，這個人不得不環(huán)繞著機(jī)場飛行了好幾次。選項B符合語境。

2.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項

A.floating

B.raising

C.heaving

D.ascending

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。float“漂浮，浮動”；raise“提升，增加”；heave“舉起”；ascend“攀登，上升”。句意：看到數(shù)百只彩色的氣球緩緩升入天空，孩子們歡呼起來。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.

Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmericaownedbyPepsiCo,andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.

Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthatconsumers-especiallyyoungpeopleseeaspartofamodem,innovative（創(chuàng)新的）worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthatFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.

Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo（標(biāo)識）.Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschipswouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.

TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Later,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives.”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.

1.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarketingthat（

）.

2.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?

3.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichLaybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat

（

）.

4.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?

5.Frito-Lay'sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket（

）.

問題1選項

A.Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket

B.Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales

C.Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany'spotatochips

D.Peopleallovertheworldenjoyeatingtheircompany'spotatochips

問題2選項

A.Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.

B.Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.

C.Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.

D.Itneedstoturntotheworldmarketfordevelopment.

問題3選項

A.consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands

B.localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands

C.productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits

D.productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue

問題4選項

A.Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.

B.Topromotethecompany'sstrategyofglobalization.

C.Tochangethecompany'slongheldmarketingimage.

D.TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.

問題5選項

A.won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople

B.willleadtoeconomicimperialism

C.willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople

D.won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“菲多利全球市場主管相信……”。文章第一段提到“薯片是全世界人民的零食”（Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld），“全世界沒有任何人能抵擋住薯條的魅力”（thereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip），由此可知選項D“全世界人都愛吃他們公司生產(chǎn)的薯條”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第二段，我們可以了解到菲多利……”。文章第二段提到“菲多利是美國最大的零食生產(chǎn)者……但美國的零食市場差不多已經(jīng)飽和，所以它不得不轉(zhuǎn)向海外市場”（thecompanyhastolookoverseas），由此可知菲多利需要打開全球市場來尋求發(fā)展，選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“菲多利發(fā)展策略依據(jù)的假設(shè)是……”。文章第三段提到了菲多利的兩個信念，一是全球性產(chǎn)品具有地方產(chǎn)品不能與之抗衡的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)；一是二十一世紀(jì)的消費(fèi)者為“全球性”所吸引，選項A“全球的消費(fèi)者為全球品牌所吸引”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“Riskey重新設(shè)計將菲多利標(biāo)識的原因是……”。文章第四段提到“（新設(shè)計的標(biāo)識）能夠幫助加速公司的全球擴(kuò)張”（helpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion），因此選項B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“菲多利的主管們稱美國食品在國際市場的推廣……”。文章最后一段提到將在那些國家生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，讓產(chǎn)品迎合當(dāng)?shù)厝说目谖?，雇傭那里的工人，改變他們的生活（We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives），選項C“有利于當(dāng)?shù)厝恕狈项}意。

4.單選題

Mr.AndMrs.Evansarea______couple.Theyshareapassionforantiquesandsurfboarding.

問題1選項

A.amicable

B.congenial

C.captious

D.disputatious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項amicable表示“友好的，友善的”，B項congenial表示“意氣相投的，性格相似的”，C項captious表示“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”，D項disputatious表示“愛爭辯的”。根據(jù)后面的句子Theyshareapassionforantiquesandsurfboarding（他們都熱愛古董和沖浪）可知，“意氣相投的”符合語境。句意：埃文斯夫婦是志趣相投的一對；他們都熱愛古董和沖浪。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

5.單選題

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項

A.indistinctly

B.irrelevantly

C.independently

D.separately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。indistinctly“朦朧地，不明了地”，不跟of連用；irrelevantly“不相干地（與介詞to連用），不切題地”；independently“獨(dú)立地，自立地”，可與介詞of連用；separately“分別地，分離地（與介詞from連用），個別地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“inseparableinfact”（實際上不可分割）知空格處應(yīng)該填寫“分開的或獨(dú)立的”。因此選項C符合題意。

6.問答題

Americanshavealwayshadafascinationwiththeunderworldsocietypopulatedbythose

A

whoopenlyresistedthelawsofdominantsocietyandinsteadcreatingtheirownworld,livingby

B

C

D

theirownrules.

【答案】試題答案：C;created

【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)句子的and可知連接的是兩個并列成分，因此時態(tài)形式要保持一致。and前面的resisted為過去式，故creating改為過去式created。

7.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

問題1選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題2選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題3選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題4選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:F

第3題:E

第4題:G

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionA的主要內(nèi)容，可知該段首先介紹了各種類型的欺凌，然后具體分析了英國小學(xué)的欺凌現(xiàn)象，可判斷出整個段落的主要內(nèi)容為：對英國學(xué)校欺凌現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查。選項Ⅳ符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且會讓經(jīng)歷欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮喪。在極端情況下，它甚至?xí)?dǎo)致自殺。下文繼續(xù)提到了受到欺凌的小學(xué)生在成年后更容易遇到交際困難?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬狡哿鑼⒆觽儙淼挠绊?。選項Ⅵ符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知過去學(xué)校會否認(rèn)學(xué)校欺凌這個問題，聲稱學(xué)校沒有欺凌事件。下文繼續(xù)提到學(xué)校的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，許多學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在承認(rèn)欺凌現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，并且會有明確的應(yīng)對措施?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬搅藢W(xué)校對欺凌事件的態(tài)度變化。選項V符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要對學(xué)校態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的原因進(jìn)行了解釋，此句為中心句?？膳袛喑龃硕蔚闹饕獌?nèi)容為導(dǎo)致學(xué)校采取新的應(yīng)對方法的原因，選項Ⅶ符合題意。

8.單選題

Factsthatmayseemlittleconsequenceatthetimemaylaterassume（）significanceatthetimewhenETSstaffmembersdecidewhetherturneractionisjustified.

問題1選項

A.considerable

B.valuable

C.important

D.extensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:considerable“相當(dāng)大的”；B:valuable“有價值的”；C:important“重要的”；D:extensive“廣闊的；廣大的”。句意：當(dāng)ETS的工作人員決定特納的行動是否合理的時候，當(dāng)時似乎沒有什么后果的事實可能之后會產(chǎn)生很大的意義。本處表示“xxx的意義”，修飾名詞significance意義。因此A符合題意。

9.單選題

TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmsbangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.

1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

2.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat______.

3.Theauthoradmitsthat______.

4.Bystating“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans______.

5.Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor______.

問題1選項

A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports

B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports

C.theattractionoffootball

D.theattractionofbaseball

問題2選項

A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold

B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball

C.itisnotexcitingenough

D.itispretentiousandlooksfunny

問題3選項

A.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung

B.baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV

C.footballismoreattractingthanbaseball

D.baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball

問題4選項

A.thethirdbasemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame

B.evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago,itcouldmakenodifferenttotheresult

C.thethirdbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkwell

D.theconsequentwastoobadhecouldnotbeartoseeit

問題5選項

A.likesfootball

B.hatesfootball

C.hatesbaseball

D.likesbaseball

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段簡述了人們對棒球所持的偏見——認(rèn)為它毫無活力、從容和緩；文章的第二、三、四、五段探討了棒球的根本特征及欣賞角度，文章的最后一句話用一個比喻概括了棒球的魅力“Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic（如果橄欖球是一曲交響樂的話，那么，棒球中所表現(xiàn)出來的運(yùn)動恰似一曲優(yōu)美的室內(nèi)樂。）”?？梢?，本文主要探討的是棒球的特點及其欣賞，所以D選項“棒球的吸引力”符合題意。A選項“人們對運(yùn)動的不同品味”不對，雖然第一段也確實提到了不同觀眾對不同運(yùn)動形式的偏好，但這只是用以引出對棒球的特征及欣賞的討論；B選項“運(yùn)動的不同特點”和C選項“足球的吸引力”都不是文章主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，故不選。因此D選項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“...therearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.（……許多人不喜歡棒球，一提起棒球這些人就打哈欠甚至皺眉頭。對他們來說，看棒球意味著眼巴巴地觀望著身著運(yùn)動裝的人呆立在球場上，東瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么激動人心的事發(fā)生——沒意思透了。他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動更適合上個世紀(jì)的人的口味，緩慢，安靜，具有紳士風(fēng)度。）”由此可知那些不喜歡棒球的人認(rèn)為這項運(yùn)動不夠刺激，所以C選項“它不夠刺激”符合題意。A選項“它只適合老年人的口味”說法錯誤，文章第一段只提到“Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury（他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動更適合上個世紀(jì)的人的口味）”，與老年人意味不一樣；B選項“它涉及的球員比足球少”文章沒有提及；D選項“它矯揉造作、滑稽可笑”，這與文章說它gentlemanly（具有紳士風(fēng)度，矜持，即：沒有沖撞或拼搶的意思）不一樣，故不選。因此C選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.（在電視上，棒球運(yùn)動被切換成不同角度的畫面，而且不斷地使用重放、特寫等電視制作技術(shù)，這破壞了該運(yùn)動的整體運(yùn)動感，使觀眾無法將自己投入到運(yùn)動中去，以體會到這種寓動于靜的運(yùn)動之美。電視做不到這一點，因此，電視上的棒球比賽看上去沉沉靜靜、慢慢騰騰的。）”所以B選項“電視上的棒球比賽很無聊”符合題意。A選項“棒球運(yùn)動對年輕人來說太平靜了”文章沒有提及，文章只提到了很多人認(rèn)為棒球不刺激，并沒有說到棒球?qū)δ贻p人來說太安靜了，故A選項不選；C選項“足球比棒球更吸引人”和D選項“棒球比足球更有趣”不對，作者僅指出了不同運(yùn)動有不同運(yùn)動的特征，并未說哪種運(yùn)動優(yōu)于哪種。因此B選項正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”（但要注意投手每次投球時都會發(fā)生什么：三壘手踮起腳尖，彎曲手臂或?qū)⑹痔着e到他面前的某個點上，向右或向左、向后或向前跨一步，也許他會掃一眼全場來檢查一壘手的位置。假設(shè)球場是一個球?！笆裁炊紱]發(fā)生”，你說。“我本來可以閉上眼睛的”）該段整個都在描述棒球場上的一個場景：拿三壘的運(yùn)動員假設(shè)對方全投出好球，做好了一切準(zhǔn)備，但是對方投出的并不是好球。所以在那時候他的準(zhǔn)備做不做都不會影響比賽結(jié)果。所以文章說到“本來可以閉上眼睛”，所以B選項“即使三壘手剛才閉上眼睛，結(jié)果也不會有什么不同”意思與題干相符，A選項“三壘手寧愿睡覺也不愿比賽”；C選項“第三壘手擅長棒球，他可以閉著眼睛完成比賽，并且做得很好”；D選項“結(jié)果太糟糕了，他無法忍受看到它”都不符合作者意圖，因此B選項正確。

5.判斷推理題。在本文中，作者主要探討了棒球的特征及欣賞，作者著重指出只有根據(jù)棒球的特征來欣賞它，才能體會到它的魅力。在他看來，觀察到棒球比賽中運(yùn)動員的各種動作、棒球位之間的關(guān)系等是欣賞它的關(guān)鍵。只有從整體來把握它，才能看到每一個小的動作、每一個眼神乃至于“靜止”的意義，也只有這樣，才能全身心地投入比賽中，欣賞到它的魅力?？梢?，作者對棒球有很深的理解而且非常喜愛棒球，所以D選項“喜歡棒球”說法正確。A選項“喜歡足球”；B選項“討厭足球”；C選項“討厭棒球”都與文章意思不符，因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocieties’governmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxation,budgetdeficits,andregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture,ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly,andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.

Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

1.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis________.

2.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofParagraph1iscomparablehereto________.

3.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat________.

4.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

5.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economists________.

問題1選項

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline

C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties

D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions

問題2選項

A.thepoliticalsystemofanation

B.theeconomyofanation

C.themarketforce

D.thegovernmentofanation

問題3選項

A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters

B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment

C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic

問題4選項

A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.

B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.

C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.

問題5選項

A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline

B.findwaystofightunemployment

C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity

D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段指出有許多因素影響經(jīng)濟(jì)功能的實現(xiàn)，第二段講政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用，第三段講國際情況對經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，第四段講人們的態(tài)度影響經(jīng)濟(jì)，第五段講還有其他影響經(jīng)濟(jì)的因素，而這些非常復(fù)雜，第六段講述對于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展態(tài)勢相對應(yīng)的措施。綜上所述，本文講述的是影響經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的因素，A選項“討論影響經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的因素”正確。B選項“探究周期性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因”，C選項“討論政府在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會中扮演的角色”和D選項“為挽救經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退提出補(bǔ)救措施”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.（機(jī)器越大，部件越多，發(fā)生故障的可能性就越大，維修成本也就越高。），結(jié)合該段第三句Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.（現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模龐大，非常復(fù)雜。），可知這里的機(jī)器指的是國家經(jīng)濟(jì)，B選項“國家經(jīng)濟(jì)”正確。A選項“國家的政治制度”，C選項“市場力量”和D選項“國家政府”：不是此處表達(dá)的意思，屬于偷換概念。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits…Autoemissionstandards,forinstance…（所有的法規(guī)都會影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式，往往會增加成本，降低利潤……例如，汽車尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)……），可知這個例子是為了證明上面的論點，也就是國家法規(guī)可能會提高成本，影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式，C選項“法規(guī)可能會增加成本，從而影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營”正確。B選項“國家政策傾向于降低利潤，抑制投資”：國家制定政策的目的不是限制企業(yè)的發(fā)展，而是為了維護(hù)公眾的權(quán)益，屬于偷換概念。A選項“政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)是有害的”：作者沒有表明這件事情有害，屬于無中生有。D選項“大多數(shù)法規(guī)并不是為了保護(hù)公眾”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.（在大量的規(guī)章制度中，大部分是為了保護(hù)公眾。），可知大多數(shù)法規(guī)是為了保護(hù)公眾，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第三句thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature（恐慌，經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和蕭條的原因很復(fù)雜），可知這是因為經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因太復(fù)雜，有眾多因素，C選項“因為這背后有太多的原因”正確。A選項“因為沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家無所不知”：根據(jù)第五段最后一句SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.（例如，造成上世紀(jì)30年代大蕭條的因素如此之多，以至于沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家能夠解釋所有這些因素。），這里表達(dá)的是原因太多，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家不能解釋，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家知道的不多，屬于偷換概念。B選項“因為它總是伴隨著一段時期的繁榮”：根據(jù)第五段第二句Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.（幾個世紀(jì)以來