考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thisyearwilldifficultforthisorganizationbecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavelessmoneyandvolunteersthantheyhadlastyear

B.ithaslessmoneyandfewervolunteersthanithadlastyear

C.thelastyearitdidnothaveasfewvolunteersandmoney

D.therearefewermoneyandvolunteersthaninthelastyeartherewere

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。因?yàn)閘ittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，few修飾可數(shù)名詞，money為不可數(shù)名詞，volunteer為可數(shù)名詞，選項(xiàng)A、C和D可排除，又因?yàn)榫渥颖硎颈容^所以用比較級(jí)less和fewer表示更少的。句意：今年對(duì)于組織來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)是困難的一年，因?yàn)橘Y金和志愿者都比去年更少了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Inappealingthecaseagain,youwilljustbekickingagainstthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pricks

B.balls

C.guns

D.winds

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)pricks“（v.）戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛；（眼睛）發(fā)酸；（使）內(nèi)心痛苦；驅(qū)使；（使）耳朵豎起；（n.）扎；戳孔；沮喪；趕牛棒；笨蛋；穿刺；針刺感；卑鄙的人”；B選項(xiàng)balls“（n.）球；（v.）把……捏成球狀”；C選項(xiàng)guns“（n.）槍支；槍狀物；持槍歹徒；（v.）用槍射擊；加大油門快速前進(jìn)；向……開槍；開大油門”；D選項(xiàng)wind“（n.）風(fēng)；呼吸；氣味；卷繞；（v.）纏繞；上發(fā)條；使彎曲；吹號(hào)角；繞住或纏住某人”。根據(jù)固定搭配kickagainstthepricks“以卵擊石；徒勞的抵抗”可知該題選pricks。句意：你再提起上訴，那是在以卵擊石。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

Wemustcontinuewiththereformintaxandfeeinruralareastolightentheburdensoffarmersandprotecttheirinterests.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairs.Itadvocatesanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Ifwedonotcrackdownoncorruption,theflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthePartyandthepeoplewillsufferalotandthePartywillbeindangeroflosingitsrulingposition,orpossiblyheadingforself-destruction.

Nobodyinanysector,publicorprivate,shouldofferbenefitsunlessforagoodreason.

Damsareadramaticexampleofahumanactivitythatdegradesfreshwaterecosystems.

【答案】為了減輕農(nóng)民的負(fù)擔(dān)和保護(hù)他們的利益，我們一定要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革。

中國(guó)在世界事務(wù)中不謀求霸權(quán)或主導(dǎo)地位。它主張一個(gè)新的國(guó)際政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。

如果我們不打擊腐敗，那么黨和人們之間的血肉聯(lián)系將會(huì)深受其害，并且黨將會(huì)處于失去其執(zhí)政地位的危險(xiǎn)之中或可能走向自我毀滅。

除非有正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?，否則任何部門(公共的或私人的)沒有人應(yīng)該提供福利。

水壩是人類活動(dòng)使淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的一個(gè)引人注目的例子。

4.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

通過(guò)煙，我們可以看出人與人關(guān)系的深淺。客客氣氣遞煙，說(shuō)明關(guān)系尚淺；相互搶著遞煙，說(shuō)明地位相等，或視為相等；隨隨便便遞煙，說(shuō)明雙方關(guān)系較深；伸手到對(duì)方口袋里掏煙，掏出來(lái)還要散給別人，那就簡(jiǎn)直是親密無(wú)間，不分彼此的“鐵哥們”了。

當(dāng)今，越來(lái)越多的人正更換職業(yè)或者開始更具吸引力的二次創(chuàng)業(yè)，其動(dòng)機(jī)或者原因不盡相同，但很多人更換職業(yè)，因?yàn)樗麄兏械絽捑?。?duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，二次創(chuàng)業(yè)源于他們意識(shí)到他們不能從正從事的工作中得到他們想要的東西。他們決定去做他們喜歡并認(rèn)為重要的事情。前一個(gè)職業(yè)所花的時(shí)間可能會(huì)縮小后一個(gè)職業(yè)的選擇范圍，所以很少人在人生的中期改換去做一項(xiàng)全新的職業(yè)，大多數(shù)人改換去做相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)職業(yè)。

【答案】Throughsmoking,wecantellthedepthoftheinterpersonalrelationship.Passingcigarettesinapolitemannerindicatesthattherelationshipbetweenthemisshallow;rushingtogivecigaretteseachothercanexplainthatthetwopersonsareinanequalstatusorconsideredequally;sharingcigarettescasuallytoeachothershowstherelationshipbetweenthemisdeeper;stretchingoutone’shandtogetcigarettesandgivingthemawaytoothersmeansthatthetwopersonsareintimatefriends.

Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplearechangingtheirprofessionsorstartingthemoreattractivesecondundertaking.Themotivationsorreasonsarevarious,butmostofpeoplearemakingacareerchangebecausethey’vebeenreallyfedupwithit.Forsomepeople,startingasecondbusinesscomesfromtherealizationthattheycannotgetwhattheywantoutofwhatthey’redoing.Theydecidetodothethingswhichtheyloveandconsiderimportant.Thetimespentintheformercareercannarrowtheoptionsforthelatter,sofewpeopleswitchtoanewcareerinthemiddleoftheirlives.Instead,mostpeopleliketodoaprofessionrelatedtothefieldstheygotinvolvedinbefore.

5.單選題

IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.

Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.

“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.

So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.Withonlyoneof

themdidIseeanythingbutblacknessorthefamiliarlactealopacity,andthattimeIsay,tomypleasureandamazement,avariegatedconstellationofflecks,specks,anddots.TheseIhastilydrew.Theinstructor,notingmyactivity,camebackfromanadjoiningdesk,asmileonhislipsandhiseyebrowshighinhope.Helookedatmycelldrawing,“what’sthat?”hedemanded,withahintofasquealinhisvoice,“that’swhatIsaw,”Isaid.“Youdidn’t,youdidn’t，youdidn’t!”hescreamed,losingcontrolofhistemperinstantly;andhebentoverandsquintedintothemicroscope.Hisheadsnappedup.“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whywashetakingthebotanycourse?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprofessor’sattitudetowardtheauthorwas

（

）.

3.Whydidtheauthorhavedifficultywiththemicroscope?

4.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasapremedicalstudent.

B.Hewantedtoseethestructureofcells.

C.Heneededittograduate.

D.Itwasrequiredofsciencemajors.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouraging

B.disbelieving

C.instructive

D.Alloftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theprofessoradjustedittohisowneyesratherthantotheauthor’seyes.

B.Becauseofafaultyinstrument.

C.Duetotheteacher’spoorinstruction.

D.Hedidn’ttry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.self-congratulatory

B.irony

C.degrading

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段中“Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.你必須通過(guò)一門生物科學(xué)課程否則你不能畢業(yè)?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.他在開始的時(shí)候有足夠耐心，解釋如何通過(guò)顯微鏡看到東西，但他總是在憤怒中結(jié)束，聲稱我也可以通過(guò)顯微鏡看到東西，只是假裝我不能看到。”可知B項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位到第一段中“This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk他聲稱，這是由于我沒有調(diào)好顯微鏡，所以他就為我調(diào)試，或者更確切地說(shuō)，為自己。我再看了一遍，結(jié)果我看到了乳狀物。”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段中“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”'那是你的眼睛！’他（導(dǎo)師）大聲說(shuō)?！澳阋压潭绥R頭，以至于它發(fā)生了反射！你畫了你的眼睛！”可推知B項(xiàng)“諷刺的”正確。A項(xiàng)“自滿的”；C項(xiàng)“可恥的；不名譽(yù)的”；D項(xiàng)“批評(píng)的”。

6.單選題

（

）herinterestinchildren,teachingshouldbetherightcareerforher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Giving

B.Give

C.Given

D.Togive

【答案】C

【解析】考查given的特殊語(yǔ)法。given充當(dāng)介詞，意思是“考慮到”。句意：考慮到她對(duì)孩子的興趣，教學(xué)工作應(yīng)該是她正確的職業(yè)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Havinghadherasaprofessorandanadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan_____forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspirational“啟發(fā)靈感的，鼓舞人心的”；B選項(xiàng)educational“教育的，有教育意義的”；C選項(xiàng)excessive“過(guò)度的，極度的”；D選項(xiàng)instantaneous“立即的，立刻的”。根據(jù)pushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。句意：有她作為教授和顧問，我可以告訴你，她有一種鼓舞人心的力量，推動(dòng)她的學(xué)生超越自己的期望。

8.單選題

AnneWhitney,asophomore（大學(xué)二年級(jí)學(xué)生）atColoradoStateUniversity,firsthadaproblemtakingtestswhenshebegancollege.“Iwasalwayswellpreparedformytests.SometimesIstudiedforweeksbeforeatest.YetIwouldgointotakethetest,onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.MylowgradesonthetestsdidnotshowwhatIknewtotheteacher.”Anotherstudentinbiologyhadsimilarexperiences.Hesaid,“Myfirstchemistrytestwasverydifficult.Then,onthesecondtest,Isatdowntotakeit,andIwassonervousthatIwasshaking.Myhandsweremovingupanddownsoquicklythatitwashardtoholdmypencil.IknewthematerialandIknewtheanswers.YetIcouldn’tevenwritethemdown!”

Thesetwoyoungstudentswereexperiencingsomethingcalledtestanxiety.Becauseastudentworriesandisuneasyaboutatest,hisorherminddoesnotworkaswellasitusuallydoes.Thestudentcannotwriteorthinkclearlybecauseoftheextremetensionandnervousness.Althoughpoorgradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits,sometimestextanxietycausesthelowgrades.Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasarealproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.

Specialuniversityadvisingcoursestrytohelpstudents.Inthesecourses,advisorstrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemhowtomanagetestanxiety.Atsomeuniversities,studentstaketeststomeasuretheiranxiety.Ifthetestsshowtheiranxietyishigh,thestudentscantakeshortcoursestohelpthemdealwiththeirtensions.Thesecoursesteachstudentshowtorelaxtheirbodies.Studentsaretrainedtobecomecalminverytensesituations.Bycontrollingtheirnervousness,theycanlettheirmindsworkatease.Learnedinformationthencomesoutwithoutdifficultyonatest.

AnexpertattheUniversityofCaliforniaexplains,“Withalmostallstudents,relaxationandlessstressarefeltaftertakingourprogram.Mostofthemexperiencebettercontrolduringtheirtests.Almostallhavesomeimprovement.Withsome,theimprovementisverygreat.”

1.To“blankout”isprobably（

）.

2.Poorgradesareusuallytheresultof

（

）.

3.Testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedas

（

）.

4.Todealwiththisproblem,studentsatsomeuniversitieswould

（

）.

5.AUniversityofCaliforniaadvisorsaid（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobelikeablanket

B.tobesureofananswer

C.tobeunabletothinkclearly

D.toshowknowledgetotheteacher

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorsleepinghabit

B.laziness

C.lackofsleep

D.inabilitytofromgoodstudyhabits

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anexcuseforlaziness

B.theresultofpoorstudyhabits

C.arealproblem

D.somethingthatcannotbechanged

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.takeashortcourseonanxiety

B.readaboutanxiety

C.taketeststoevaluatetheiranxiety

D.taketeststoprovetheyarenotanxious

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.allstudentscouldovercometheanxietyaftertakingaspecialtestanxietyprogram

B.almostallstudentsfeltlessstressaftertakingaUniversityofCaliforniaadvisingcourse

C.studentsfounditdifficulttoimproveeventhoughtheyhadtakenaspecialtestanxietycourse

D.studentsfounditeasytorelaxassoonastheyenteredaUniversityofCaliforniaadvisingcourse.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.”卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我不能正確回答這些問題。我……因?yàn)榫o張和恐懼，我無(wú)法想到答案。可推測(cè)此處指頭腦一片空白，不能正常思考，因此C選項(xiàng)“不能清楚地思考”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Althoughpoorgradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits”盡管成績(jī)不好往往是不良的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致的，可知D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)法養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasarealproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.”可知考試焦慮已被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)真實(shí)存在的問題，因此選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Atsomeuniversities,studentstaketeststomeasuretheir

anxiety.Ifthetestsshowtheiranxietyishigh,thestudentscantakeshortcoursestohelpthemdealwiththeirtensions.”在一些大學(xué)里，學(xué)生通過(guò)考試來(lái)測(cè)量他們焦慮，如果考試顯示他們的焦慮程度很高，學(xué)生可以參加短期課程，幫助他們應(yīng)對(duì)自身的緊張，因此選A。注意題干問的是處理焦慮問題的方法，C選項(xiàng)不符題意，參加測(cè)試評(píng)估焦慮的目的是刪選需要參加課程的學(xué)生。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Withalmostallstudents,relaxationandlessstressarefeltaftertakingourprogram.”幾乎所有的學(xué)生在參加我們的課程后都能感受到放松和較少的壓力，因此B選項(xiàng)“在參加一個(gè)加州大學(xué)建議課程后，幾乎所有學(xué)生都感到較少的壓力”符合題意。

9.單選題

Theyare（

）investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implicit

B.conscious

C.cautious

D.indecisive

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implicit“暗示的，含蓄的”；B選項(xiàng)conscious“有意識(shí)的，清醒的，故意的”；C選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”；D選項(xiàng)indecisive“猶豫不決的”?？崭癫糠质切枰粋€(gè)修飾investors的形容詞。后面由who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾investor，根據(jù)句意“whoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarkets…總要對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧?guó)際市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查”，判斷可知空格部分單詞意思應(yīng)該為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，句意為：他們是謹(jǐn)慎的投資者，在做出每筆投資前，總要對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧?guó)際市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查。故正確答案選C。

10.單選題

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滯的，不景氣的；complex復(fù)雜的，合成的；appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?。句意：艾滋病活?dòng)人士永久性地改變并縮短了美國(guó)測(cè)試和批準(zhǔn)用于治療各種疾病的各種新藥的復(fù)雜過(guò)程。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Themassive,black,hornedbuffalo,formerlyfoundthroughoutsub-SaharanAfrica,isagregariousanimalofopenorscrub-coveredplainsandopenforests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rotten

B.sociable

C.wealthy

D.beautiful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原產(chǎn)于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一種群居動(dòng)物，生活在開闊的或灌木覆蓋的平原和開闊的森林中。gregarious意為“社交的，群居的”。rotten腐爛的，墮落的；sociable好交際的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美麗的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

12.單選題

Onlineservicesthatprovide（）loverssawariseinpopularitybeforetheValentine’sDay,whichiscelebratedeveryyearonFeb14.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.noble

C.radical

D.virtual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)humble表示“謙遜的，簡(jiǎn)陋的”，B選項(xiàng)noble表示“高貴的，宏偉的”，C選項(xiàng)radical表示“激進(jìn)的，根本的，徹底的”，D選項(xiàng)virtual表示“事實(shí)上的，（計(jì)算機(jī)仿真）虛擬的”。由句意可知，情人節(jié)前，網(wǎng)上提供（）情侶的服務(wù)日漸增多。由此可知，只有D選項(xiàng)最符合原文句意，virtuallover表示“虛擬情侶”。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Thetragicimpactofmoderncityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetics.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialtotheproductsofscienceandtechnology:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do,andhasneverhaditsogood.

Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticaldatarevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.Astherearenoadequateoffstreetparkingfacilities,thecitiesarelitteredwithkerb-parkedcars,andparkingmetersrearthemselveseverywhere.Congestionhasbecomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironment,andstatisticssuggestthattwocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.

Inthemeantime,insultisaddedtoinjuryby“l(fā)andvalue”.Thevalueoflandresultsfromitsuse:itsincomeisderivedfromtheserviceitprovides.Whenitsuseisintensified,itsincomeanditsvalueincrease.“Puttinglandtoitshighestandbestuse”becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrowth.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadstothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.

Partialdecentralization,orratherpseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem,itdoesnotcureit.Heretheengineeringsolutionsarestronglyaffectedbythenecessityforcomplicatedintersections,which,inturn,arefrustratedbytheextravagantcostofland.

Itiswithinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butweshallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytore-planthemtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcanbecalledminimum“psychologicalelbowroom.”O(jiān)neoftheingredientsofthiswillbepropertransportationplans.Thesewillhavetobeanintegralpartoftheoverallplanningprocesswhichinitselfisascientificprocess.Ifwewanttoplaneffectively,wemustcollect,inanorganizedmanner,allandcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown.Inthisprocess,wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.Scientificmethodsofdatacollectionandanalysiswillindicatetrends,buttheywillnotdirectaction.Scientificmethodsareonlyaninstrument.Manwillhavetosetthetarget,and,usingtheresultsobtainedbyscienceandhisownengineeringskill,takeuponhimselfthefinalshapingofhisenvironment.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes______.

27.Thehighly-developedtechnologyhasmademan______.

28.Thedrasticincreaseoflandvalueinthecity______.

29.Theexpansionofbigcitiestothedistantsuburbanareasmay______.

30.Theauthorsuggeststhattheremodelingofcitiesmust______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.weremoredesirousaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.enjoyedmorefreedomanddemocrat

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.increasinglyindustrious

B.freefrominconvenience

C.excessivelydependentonexternalaids

D.abletosavehisphysicalstrength

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthegoodresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.offersmoreopportunitiestolanddealers

C.isannoyinglyartificialandmeaningless

D.fortunatelyleadstothe“vertical”growthofcities

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.solvetheproblemofcitycongestion

B.resultintheremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem

C.bringthesamecongestiontothesuburbanareas

D.needlessinvestmentonland

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.putprioritytothebenefitofthefuturegenerations

B.befocusedonpeopleratherthanoneconomy

C.beeconomicallyprofitabletolandowners

D.resorttoscientificmethods

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Thetragicimpactofmoderncityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetics.（現(xiàn)代城市對(duì)人類的悲劇性影響扼殺了人的審美意識(shí)。），說(shuō)明過(guò)去的人是擁有審美意識(shí)的，但是被現(xiàn)代城市扼殺了。因此B選項(xiàng)“有較強(qiáng)的審美意識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“比較注重物質(zhì)利益”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)科技的發(fā)展有更大的愿望”，D選項(xiàng)“享有更多的自由和民主”，由原文可知，這是現(xiàn)代人的特點(diǎn)，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialtotheproductsofscienceandtechnology:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.（富裕社會(huì)的物質(zhì)利益將人的注意力從城市及其文化潛力轉(zhuǎn)移到了科技產(chǎn)品上：洗衣機(jī)、中央供暖系統(tǒng)、自動(dòng)炊具、電視機(jī)、電腦和地毯。）和第二段第一句Heisreluctanttowalk.（人不愿意走路。），說(shuō)明高度發(fā)達(dá)的科技讓人類越來(lái)越依賴各種科技產(chǎn)品，不愿意自己動(dòng)手。因此C選項(xiàng)“過(guò)度依賴外部援助”正確。A選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越勤勞”，B選項(xiàng)“從不便中解放出來(lái)”，D選項(xiàng)“能夠保存自己的體力”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

28.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第五、六句Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadstothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.（這種投機(jī)的方式和人口增長(zhǎng)的壓力導(dǎo)致了城市的“垂直”增長(zhǎng)，其結(jié)果是人們被迫調(diào)整自己，以適應(yīng)擁堵，以維持這些相對(duì)人為的土地價(jià)值。矛盾的是，消除擁堵的補(bǔ)救辦法是制造更多的擁堵。），說(shuō)明土地價(jià)值的大幅提升是人為的、沒有意義的。因此C選項(xiàng)“是人為的，沒有意義的，令人討厭”正確。A選項(xiàng)“是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的好結(jié)果”，B選項(xiàng)“為土地商提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)”，D選項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)地導(dǎo)致了城市的垂直發(fā)展”都是形容積極的結(jié)果，而原文表達(dá)的是消極的意思，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一句Partialdecentralization,orratherpseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem,itdoesnotcureit.（部分分散化，或者說(shuō)是偽分散化，以大型開發(fā)單位的形式遠(yuǎn)離傳統(tǒng)的城鎮(zhèn)中心，只是將疾病轉(zhuǎn)移到城鎮(zhèn)的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)上：如果不與城鎮(zhèn)交通系統(tǒng)的改造相結(jié)合，就無(wú)法治愈疾病。），說(shuō)明大城市向遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū)擴(kuò)展，并不會(huì)解決大城市的交通擁堵問題，反而會(huì)給郊區(qū)也帶來(lái)交通擁堵問題。因此C選項(xiàng)“給郊區(qū)帶來(lái)同樣的擁堵問題”正確。A選項(xiàng)“解決城市擁堵問題”，B選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致城鎮(zhèn)交通系統(tǒng)的改造”，D選項(xiàng)“需要減少對(duì)土地的投資”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第四句Inthisprocess,wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.（在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們不能忘記城市是由人建造的，城市的形態(tài)應(yīng)該服從于人的意志。），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為城市的改造必須以人類為中心。因此B選項(xiàng)“以人為本，而不是以經(jīng)濟(jì)為中心”正確。A選項(xiàng)“把造福子孫后代放在首位”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)土地所有者有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益”在文中沒有提及，所以A，C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“訴諸科學(xué)方法”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)方法只是一種工具，人類必須自行承擔(dān)環(huán)境的最終塑造工作，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

14.單選題

Forthefirsttime,wefound____thatallowustoconnectthefirstphaseofhumanevolutionandthesecondphase.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theories

B.morasses

C.frescos

D.fossils

【答案】D

【解析】theory理論,學(xué)說(shuō);morass沼澤;fresco壁畫;fossil化石。句意：我們第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)了化石,它使我們能夠把人類進(jìn)化的第一階段和第二階段聯(lián)系起來(lái)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.單選題

Theygaveeachotheragoldringtosymbolizetheirmarriage______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.commitment

C.consent

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)approval“批準(zhǔn)（計(jì)劃、要求等）”；B選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；C選項(xiàng)consent“（正式）贊同；批文”；D選項(xiàng)obligation“（已承諾的或法律等規(guī)定的）義務(wù)，責(zé)任”。句意：他們互贈(zèng)金戒指象征他們婚姻的______。B選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾；保證”在這里比較符合語(yǔ)境，指金戒指象征婚姻的承諾，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

The“EchoHouse”willdemonstratehowwecanlivewithhighlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient______andorganicgardening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.applicators

B.applications

C.applicants

D.appliances

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)applicators“涂藥器；敷帖器；上涂裝置”；B選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序；敷用；（對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等）投入”；C選項(xiàng)applicants“申請(qǐng)人，申請(qǐng)者；請(qǐng)求者”；D選項(xiàng)appliances“器具；器械；裝置；應(yīng)用”。原句中有幾個(gè)并列成分：highlyefficientinsulation，solarheating，energyefficient____，和organicgardening，根據(jù)上下文，這些都是與生存環(huán)境有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)，因此我們不難排除掉與此無(wú)關(guān)的選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)。另外，原句中的幾個(gè)并列成分都是具體名詞。因此可以推斷B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序；敷用；（對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等）投入”與題意不符。句意：“回音屋”將向我們展示如何使用高效隔熱、太陽(yáng)能飲食、節(jié)能電器和有機(jī)園藝來(lái)生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould（）mycold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heat

B.cure

C.treat

D.recover

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:heat“使溫暖，使發(fā)熱”；B:cure“治療，治愈”；C:treat“對(duì)待；治療”；D:recover“恢復(fù)；重新獲得”。句意：假如這種藥我一天吃兩次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，和感冒相關(guān)，故B為正確答案。

18.單選題

Childhoodmemoirsoftengaintheirpoignancythroughasenseofdisplacement:eachlessonisaccompaniedbyalossof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.innocence

C.permission

D.veracity

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：童年記憶經(jīng)常由于取代感而更加哀傷，每一次教訓(xùn)都伴隨著

的丟失。

perspective洞察力，看法；innocence純潔，純真；permission允許，許可；veracity誠(chéng)實(shí)，真實(shí)。故選B。

19.單選題

Amanof（）judgmentwillimmediatelyseethroughthelittlegame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.severe

B.solemn

C.sober

D.stern

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:severe“嚴(yán)峻的”；B:solemn“莊嚴(yán)的，嚴(yán)肅的”；C:sober“頭腦清醒的，冷靜的”；D:stern“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)峻的”。句意：一個(gè)頭腦清醒有判斷力的人會(huì)立刻看穿這個(gè)小游戲。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知C為正確答案。

20.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:市長(zhǎng)是一位正直的女性，因此值得我們?cè)谡紊虾徒?jīng)濟(jì)上給予支持。

考查形近詞辨析。intention意圖;打算；instinct本能;直覺;integrity誠(chéng)實(shí)正直;完整;完好;intensity強(qiáng)調(diào)。根據(jù)后半句句意“因此值得我們?cè)谡紊虾徒?jīng)濟(jì)上給予支持”可知C符合句意。

21.翻譯題

Throughouthistorynewtechnologieshaverevolutionizedwarfare,sometimesabruptly,sometimesonlygradually:thinkofgunpowder,aircraft,radarandnuclearfission.Soithasbeenwithinforma-tiontechnology.ComputersandtheinternethavetransformedeconomiesandgivenWesternarmiesgreatadvantages,suchastheabilitytosendremotelypilotedaircraftacrosstheworldtogatherintelli-genceandattacktargets.(1).Butthespreadofdigitaltechnologycomesatacost:itexposesarmiesandsocietiestodigitalattack.Somescenarios(電影)imaginethealmostinstantaneousfailureofthesystemsthatkeepthe

modern

worldturning.Ascomputernetworkscollapse,factoriesandchemicalplantsexplode,satellitesspinoutofcontrolandthefinancialandpowergridsfail.Cyberspacehasbecomethefifthdomainofwarfare,afterland,sea,airandspace.

ThecyberattacksonEstoniain2007andonGeorgiain2008(thelatterstrangelyhappenedtocoincidewiththeadvanceofRussiantroopsacrosstheCaucasus)arewidelyassumedtohavebeendi-rectedbytheKremlin(克里姆林宮),buttheycouldbetracedonlytoRussiancyber-criminals.ManyofthecomputersusedintheattackbelongedtoinnocentAmericanswhosePCshadbeenhi-jacked.CompaniessuspectChinaoforganizingmini-raidstoransackWesternknow-how:butitcouldjusthaveeasilybeenWesterncriminals,computer-hackersshowingoffordisillusionedformeremploy-ees.(2).OnereasonwhyWesterngovernmentshaveuntilrecentlybeenreticentaboutcyber-espio-nage（間諜）issurelybecausetheyaredabhandsatit,too.

Cyber-weaponsarebeingdevelopedsecretly,withoutdiscussionofhowandwhentheymightbeused.（3）.Ifcyberarms-controlistoAmerica’sadvantage，itwouldbewisetoshadesuchaccords（協(xié)議）whileitstillhastheupperhandincyberspace.Inthemeantime，however,countriesshouldagreeonmodestaccords,orevenjustinformal“rulesoftheroad”thatwouldraisethepoliticalcostofcy-ber-attacks.Perhapstherecouldbeadealtopreventthecrude“denial-of-service”assaultsthatbroughtdownEstonianandGeorgianwebsiteswithamassofbogus（偽造的）requestsforinforma-tion；NATOandtheEuropeanUnioncouldmakeitclearthatattacksincyberspace,asintherealworld,willprovokearesponse:theUNorsignatoriesoftheGenevaConventionscoulddeclarethatcyber-attacksoncivilianfacilitiesare,likephysicalattackswithbombandbullet,outofboundsinwar；richcountriescouldexerteconomicpressureonstatesthatdonotadoptmeasurestofightonlinecriminals.Countriesshouldbeencouragedtospellouttheirmilitarypoliciesincyberspace,asA