考研考博-英語-南京財經(jīng)大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京財經(jīng)大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.

TheremarkablecampaigntofreetheworldofsmallpoxhasbeenledbytheWorldHealthOrganization.TheHomofAfrica,embracingtheOgadenregionofEthiopiaandSomalia,wasoneofthelastfewsmallpoxriddenareasoftheworldwhentheWHO-sponsoredSmallpoxEradicationProgramme(SEP)gotunderwaytherein1971.

Manyofthe25millioninhabitants,mostlyfarmersandnomadslivinginawildnessofdesert,bushandmountains,alreadyhadsmallpox.Theproblemoftracingthediseaseinsuchformidablecountrywasexacerbatedfurtherbythecontinuouswarfareinthearea.

Theprogrammeconcentratedonanimaginativepolicyof"searchandcontainment."Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—--informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.

Oftentheserumorsturnedouttobecasesofmeasles,chickenpoxorsyphilis—-butnothingcouldbelefttochance.Asthecampaignprogressedthediseasewasgraduallybroughtundercontrol.BySeptember1976theSEPmadeitsfirstreportthatnonewcaseshadbeenreported.Butthatfirstoptimismwasshort-lived.Athree-year-oldgirlcalledAminaSalat,fromadustyvillageintheOgadeninthesouth-eastofEthiopia,hadgivensmallpoxtoayoungnomadvisitor.LeavingthevillagethenomadhadwalkedacrosstheborderintoSomalia.Therebeinfected3,000people,andamongthemhadbeenthecook,Ali.Itwasafurther14monthsbeforetheelusive"targetzero"—nofurthercases—wasreached.

Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin"highrisk"areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.Theflowofrumorshasnowdiminishedtoatrickle—buteachmuststillbecheckedbyaqualifiedperson.

Victoryisinsight,buttwoyearsmustpasssincethe"lastcase"beforeanInternationalCommissioncandeclarethattheworldisentirelyfreefromsmallpox.

1.AliMaowMaalin’scaseissignificantbecausehewasthe（

）.

2.Theworktostampoutsmallpoxwasmademoredifficultby（

）.

3.Thevolunteersmentionedwerepaidto（

）.

4.Nowadays,smallpoxinvestigationsareonlycarriedout（

）.

問題1選項

A.lastpersontobecuredofsmallpoxinSomalia.

B.lastknownsuffererofsmallpoxintheworld

C.firstsmallpoxvictimintheHomofAfrica

D.firstSomaliantobevaccinatedforsmallpox

問題2選項

A.people'sunwillingnesstoreportcases

B.thelackofvaccine

C.thebackwardnessoftheregion

D.theincessantlocalwars

問題3選項

A.findoutaboutthereportedcasesofsmallpox.

B.vaccinatepeopleinremoteareas

C.teachpeoplehowtotreatsmallpox.

D.preventinfectedpeoplefrommovingaround

問題4選項

A.atregulartwo-yearlyintervals

B.whennewsofanoutbreakoccurs.

C.inthoseareaswithprevioushistoryofthedisease

D.byatrainedprofessional

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“AliMaowMaalin”定位到原文首段“Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.”，中文翻譯：世界上最后一例已知的天花病例發(fā)生在索馬里，非洲之角，于1977年10月。受害者是名叫阿里?馬林的年輕廚師。他的病例成為醫(yī)學史上的一個里程碑，因為天花是有史以來第一種被根除的傳染病?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇B“世界上最后一位已知的天花患者”。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段“Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻譯為：疫苗用于減少疾病發(fā)生率的蔓延，但是，這場“戰(zhàn)爭”的成功取決于志愿者的工作。這些人是按日計酬的，然后他們?yōu)閷ふ摇爸{言”一一有關可能是天花病歷的信息而步行數(shù)百里?？芍珹項“人們不愿意報告病歷”符合題目描述。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第四段“Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof‘rumors’—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻譯為：這些人是按日計酬的，然后他們?yōu)閷ふ摇爸{言”一一有關可能是天花病歷的信息而步行數(shù)百里。可知。A選項“調(diào)查發(fā)生的天花病例”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin‘highrisk’areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.”，中文翻譯為：即使是現(xiàn)在，搜索工作仍在“高風險”地區(qū)和該國中一段時間沒有接受檢查的地區(qū)繼續(xù)進行。C選項“在那些有這種疾病史的地區(qū)”符合題意。

2.單選題

Thetroopswereina（）position,completelyexposedtoattackfromtheair.

問題1選項

A.eminent

B.brutal

C.vulnerable

D.adequate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal殘忍的;vulnerable易受攻擊的;adequate充足的。句意：部隊處于易受攻擊的位置,完全暴露了。選項C符合句意。

3.單選題

Susanisstudyingalgebraandgeometry,and（）she’stakingmicrocomputerlessons.

問題1選項

A.inamoment

B.inbrief

C.inaddition

D.inconclusion

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inamoment“立刻，立即”；inbrief“簡言之”；inaddition“另外，此外”；inconclusion“總之，最后”。句意：Susan正在學習代數(shù)和幾何學，此外，她還在學習微型計算機課程。and表示并列關系，代數(shù)，幾何，微型計算機課程都是并列關系，故C項正確。

4.單選題

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

問題1選項

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

問題2選項

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

問題3選項

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

問題4選項

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

問題5選項

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.觀點態(tài)度題。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復雜得多。”可知作者認為公眾對于沖突的理解過于簡單。故B項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復雜得多?！笨芍_定沖突的最佳水平存在困難。故C項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人驚訝的是，Schwenk發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于沖突的看法隨著組織類型的不同而系統(tǒng)地變化?！苯酉聛矸謩e列舉了盈利機構和非盈利機構對待沖突的不同看法。故A項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利為目的的組織中，決策效能最常以財務術語來評估。高管們認為，共識而不是沖突可以增強財務指標?！笨芍麢C構認為共識能增強財務指標。故D項“成功在于統(tǒng)一的意見（共識）”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非營利性組織中，決策有效性是從令人滿意的群體的角度來定義的?？紤]到滿足許多不同成員的復雜性和模糊性，高管們認為沖突導致了更深思熟慮和可接受的決定?！笨芍诜怯詸C構里人們可以表達不同的觀點，故B項正確。

5.單選題

Mr.Jenkinsdrovealongathisusualhighspeed（

）forpolicecarsinhismirrorfromtimetotimetomakesurehewassafe.

問題1選項

A.pullingout

B.runningthrough

C.goingahead

D.watchingout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。pullout“離開；撤離；拔出”；runthrough“跑著穿過；瀏覽；揮霍”；goahead“前進；進行”；watchout“小心；提防”。句意：詹金森先生以自己平時的高速開車，時不時從后視鏡提防警察，確保自己是安全的。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Youwillgettothechurchmorequicklyifyoutakethis（）acrossthefields.

問題1選項

A.track

B.passage

C.method

D.journey

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項track“軌道，足跡，小道”；B選項passage“走廊，通道”；C選項method“方法”；D選項journey“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你沿著這條小路穿過田野，到教堂會快一些。選項A符合語境。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese

Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcan’texpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Youareboundtovacillateattimes.Thekeyistobesatisfiedwithgradualimprovement,expectingandacceptingtheoccasionalslipsthatcomewithanychange.Andevenafteryouarehandlingthesedecisionsinafirmerandmoreconfidentmanner,youcan’texpectyourchildrentorespondimmediately.Forawhilethey’llkeeponapplyingtheoldpressuresthatusedtoworksowell.Butthey’lleventuallycometorespectyourdecisionsoncetheylearnthatnaggingandarguingnolongerwork.Intheend,bothyouandyourchildrenwillbehappierforit.

Thetrendsarequicklyacceleratingforasimplereason:Informationispower,andtechnologydemocratizesanduniversalizestheavailabilityofinformation.Hence,organizationswillnolongerbeabletosubsidizeprocessesandjobsthatglorifyhierarchicalcontrolbutturnoffthespigotonknowledge-flow.FuturistGeorgeGilderdescribesaworldwheretheeconomyisbasedonsand,glassandair.Sandisthesiliconusedtomakemicrochips,thebuildingblocksofcomputing—andthatbuildingblockisgrowingexponentially.Theperformanceofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months.

【答案】一旦你翻開新的一頁，你就不能指望馬上完全改變。有時你肯定會猶豫不決。關鍵是要滿足于漸進的改進，預料并接受任何變化帶來的偶然失誤。即使在你以更加堅定和自信的方式處理這些決定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子會立即做出反應。在一段時間內(nèi)，他們將繼續(xù)施加過去行之有效的舊壓力。但一旦他們知道嘮叨和爭論不再有效，他們最終會尊重你的決定。最后，你和你的孩子都會因此而更快樂。

這種趨勢正在迅速加速，原因很簡單：信息就是力量，而技術使信息變得民主化和普遍化。因此，組織將不再能夠資助那些美化等級特權并阻止信息交流的工作體系了。未來學家喬治?吉爾德描述了一個以沙子、玻璃和空氣為基礎的經(jīng)濟世界。沙子是用來制造微芯片的硅，芯片（計算機世界的建筑材料）正以指數(shù)級的速度增長。微芯片的性能每18個月翻一番。

8.單選題

Thisexperiencedauthorwasableto（）thefactthathewasnotqualifiedforadmissiontocollege.

問題1選項

A.suppress

B.compress

C.express

D.depress

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項suppress“抑制、鎮(zhèn)壓”；B選項compress“壓縮、精簡”；C選項express“表達”；D選項depress“使沮喪、降低”，句意為：這位經(jīng)驗豐富的作家能夠表達他沒有資格進入大學這一事實。express“表達”符合句意，因此選項C正確。

9.單選題

Theresearchshowedthatthefrequencyofamother’sabsencereflecteda（）deficiencyofthechild'slevelinmathandreading.

問題1選項

A.corresponding

B.relating

C.correlating

D.responding

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項corresponding“相當?shù)?；一致的；對應的；通信的”；B選項relating是relate的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，表示“涉及，關聯(lián)”；C選項correlating是correlate的現(xiàn)在分詞；D選項responding“響應的”。本句說明母親的缺席頻率與孩子數(shù)學和閱讀方面缺陷的對應性，因此A選項符合句意。句意：研究表明，母親缺席的頻率反映了孩子在數(shù)學和閱讀方面相應的缺陷。

10.單選題

Itisaruleinhisfamilythat（）comeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.

問題1選項

A.anybody

B.who

C.whothat

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】句意:無論是誰回家得早，都應該給家人做晚飯，這是他家的規(guī)定。

語法題?？疾槊~性從句引導詞。空格所在句為主語從句而且從句中缺主語。A不能引導從句,故排除。B項表示“誰”，具有特指的情況，不符合語境。C項的“who和that”不能搭配引導主語從句。whoever有兩個詞義：（l）nomatterwho,在這種用法時引導一個讓步狀語從句；（2）anybodythat（who），在這種用法時，它連接一個名詞性從句，因此，在本題中它連接的是主語從句。

11.單選題

Hebelievesthatit’swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely（）anaccidentofbirth.

問題1選項

A.onthegroundof

B.forthesakeof

C.inviewof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。onthegroundof“以……為理由，因為”；forthesakeof“為了……的利益”；inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”。句意：他認為有些人一出生就可以享受財富、特權和權勢的觀點是錯誤的。選項D符合題意。

12.翻譯題

1.2008年，當5名創(chuàng)始者建立一個新的社會網(wǎng)絡的時候，他們沒有想到wowWwow.Com會在經(jīng)濟消沉時期，重新喚起中年專業(yè)人士的才華，使他們進入嶄新的更加有前途的職業(yè)生涯。

2.該實習項目針對的不是年輕的新手，確切地說，是針對掌握可出售技能的有經(jīng)驗的商界女性，這些人在經(jīng)濟危機時期需要新的技能，去開創(chuàng)另一份工作。

3.隨著越來越多的報紙和雜志轉(zhuǎn)向在線，需要新的網(wǎng)絡出版技能，而傳統(tǒng)的出版媒體人才正在被取代。

4.那是接受第一個實習生（免費的）時的情景，該人55歲，她開始聽課，觀看、學習、操作，向比她年輕得多，精通技術的網(wǎng)絡作家求教。

5.對這個實習項目的正面議論證實，wowWwow的社會網(wǎng)絡支持其網(wǎng)站宗旨：交流專業(yè)和個人經(jīng)歷，鼓勵他人，使世界更美好。

【答案】1.Whenfivefounderslaunchedanewsocialnetworkin2008,theyhadnoideathatwowWwow.Comwouldrevivethetalentsofmiddle-agedprofessionalsandlaunchthemintonewandmorepromisingcareersduringadownturnintheeconomy.

2.Theinternshipprogramisnotaimedatyoungbeginners,butrather,atexperiencedbusinesswomenwithsaleableskillswhoneednewskillstostartanotherjobduringtherecession.

3.Asmorenewspapersandmagazinesmoveonline,newonlinepublishingskillsareneeded,andtraditionalpublishingmediatalentsarebeingreplaced.

4.Thatwasthescenewhenthefirst(free)internwasaccepted:a55-year-oldwomanbeganlisteningtothelectures,watching,learning,andmanipulating,andturnedtoamuchyounger,tech-savvywebwriterforadvice.

5.PositivecommentsabouttheinternshipprogramconfirmthatwowWwow’ssocialnetworksupportsitsmission:toexchangeprofessionalandpersonalexperiences,toencourageothers,andtomaketheworldabetterplace.

13.單選題

Thecontentsofcumbersometextsmaybeconvenientlystoredonmicrofilm.

問題1選項

A.ancient

B.technical

C.bulky

D.handsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumbersome表示“笨重的，累贅的”。A項ancient“古老的”，B項technical“工藝的，藝術的”，C項bulky“體積大的，笨重的”，D項handsome“帥氣的”。句意：繁瑣的文字內(nèi)容可以很方便地存儲在縮微膠片上。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

14.單選題

Theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal（）.

問題1選項

A.consideration

B.judgment

C.estimate

D.plan

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。consideration“考慮;報酬”;judgment“判斷,辨別力”;estimate“估計,判斷”。句意:這座建筑物的實際成本比我們原來的估計高得多。選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有這些潤滑劑并不能改變?nèi)艘呀?jīng)變得毫無力量的事實）可知C選項“與社會其他部分相比不重要的一部分，盡管運行平穩(wěn)”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他們生老病死，從來沒有面對過人類作為情感上和智力上獨立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實）可知D選項“他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不斷地需要證明自己和競爭對手一樣好，或者比競爭對手強，這就產(chǎn)生了持續(xù)的焦慮和壓力）可知D選項“能遠離這個競爭激烈的世界的人”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)中，在這里人及其潛能——愛和理性——的充分開發(fā)是所有社會安排的目的）可知C選項“使人能充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力”符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知作者將社會比作一個機械，人只是這個機械中的一個小齒輪，并對其進行了諷刺和批評，因此B選項“不滿”符合題意。

16.單選題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.

問題1選項

A.bacteria

B.constituents

C.erosion

D.contexts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項bacteria“細菌”；B選項constituents“成分”；C選項erosion“侵蝕，腐蝕”；D選項contexts“環(huán)境，上下文”。句意：科學和技術的進步使我們能夠了解宇宙的邊陲、物質(zhì)最基本的……和生命的奇跡。根據(jù)matter（物質(zhì)）可推測與其搭配的是constituents。結合句意，A選項及C選項都可排除。D選項contexts（環(huán)境）也不能與matter（物質(zhì)）搭配，因此B選項為正確答案。

17.翻譯題

Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?

Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthatinstructandinspirepeople.

Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.

Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltagetransformersheroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.

Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomtheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?

【答案】【參考譯文】

就像大多數(shù)我的同齡人一樣，我也有英雄崇拜的弱點。然而，在某些時候，我們都開始質(zhì)疑我們的英雄，以及我們究竟是否需要他們。這讓我們不禁發(fā)問：什么是英雄？

盡管文化差異巨大，但世界各地的英雄通常都有一些共同的特點，那就是他們可以指導和激勵人們。

英雄總會做一些值得談論的事。英雄有要講出來的冒險故事，有愿意傾聽的團體。但英雄不僅僅是一個名號。

英雄服務于比自己更強大的力量或原則。就像高壓變壓器一樣，英雄將更高的能量向下拉，于是普通人就可以使用。

英雄的生活值得模仿。那些模仿真正英雄的人會以新的深度、熱情和意義體驗生活。對于想要成為英雄的人，需要問為什么或為誰服務？愿意為什么而生，為什么而死？如果答案或證據(jù)表明他們只為自己的名聲服務，他們可能是名人，但不是英雄。麥當娜和邁克爾?杰克遜都很有名，但誰會說他們的粉絲因此而發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的生活更加豐盛呢？

18.單選題

MalaysiaandIndonesiarelyonopenmarketsforforestandfisheryproducts.______,someAsiancountriesarehighlyprotectionist.

問題1選項

A.Naturally

B.Conversely

C.Deliberately

D.Evidently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項naturally“自然地”，B項conversely“相反地”，C項deliberately“故意地，緩慢而謹慎地”，D項evidently“顯然，明顯地，清楚地”。由openmarkets“開放市場”和protectionist“貿(mào)易保護主義的”可知，前后語義是相反的，conversely符合語境。句意：馬來西亞和印度尼西亞的森林和漁業(yè)產(chǎn)品依賴開放市場；相反，一些亞洲國家貿(mào)易保護主義色彩濃厚。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

19.單選題

ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexpectationseemednotto（）.

問題1選項

A.getdown

B.getacross

C.getalong

D.getup

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。getdown“吞下，使沮喪”;getacross“通過；使…被理解”；getalong“與……和睦相處”；getup“起床”。根據(jù)though這個詞可知前后有一個轉(zhuǎn)折關系，前半句提到“我盡可能的將問題解釋清楚”，所以后半句的意思與之形成對比，因此選項B符合題意。

20.單選題

FrustratedwithdelaysinSacramento,BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpileofelectronictrash.

ASanJosecouncilwomanandaSanFranciscosupervisorsaidtheywouldproposelocalinitiativesaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsstalledintheAssembly.TheyareamongagrowingnumberofCaliforniacitiesandcountiesthathaveexpressedthesameintention.

Environmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetoxichazardposedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.Anestimated6milliontelevisionsandcomputersarestockedinCaliforniahomes,andanadditional6,000to7,000computersbecomeoutdatedeveryday.Themachinescontainhighlevelsofleadandotherhazardoussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills.

LegislationbySenatorByronSherwouldrequireconsumerstopayarecyclingfeeofupto$30oneverynewmachinecontainingacathoderaytube.Usedinalmostallvideomonitorsandtelevisions,thosedevicescontainfourtoeightpoundsofleadeach.Thefeeswouldgotowardsettinguprecyclingprograms,providinggrantstonon-profitagenciesthatreusethetubesandrewardingmanufacturersthatencouragerecycling.

AseparatebillbyLosAngeles-areaSenatorGloriaRomerowouldrequirehigh-techmanufacturerstodevelopprogramstorecycleso-callede-waste.

Ifpassed,themeasureswouldputCaliforniaattheforefrontofnationaleffortstomanagetherefuseoftheelectronicage.

Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateretailers.

“Whatreallyneedstooccurisconsumereducation.Mostconsumersareunawarethey’renotsupposedtothrowcomputersinthetrash,”saidRoxanneGould,vicepresidentofgovernmentrelationsfortheelectronicsassociation.

Computerrecyclingshouldbealocaleffortandpartofresidentialwastecollectionprograms,sheadded.

Recyclingelectronicwasteisadangerousandspecializedmatter,andenvironmentalistsmaintainthestatemustsupportrecyclingeffortsandensurethatthejobisn’tcontractedtounscrupulousjunkdealerswhosendthetoxicpartsoverseas.

“Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina,”saidTedSmith,directoroftheSiliconValleyToxicsCoalition.HisgroupispushingforanamendmenttoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.

1.WhatstepwereBayAreaofficialsgoingtotakeregardinge-wastedisposal?

2.ThetwobillsstalledintheCaliforniaAssemblybothconcern____.

3.Consumersarenotsupposedtothrowusedcomputersinthetrashbecause____.

4.High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextra$30ischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill____.

5.WelearnfromthepassagethatmuchofCalifornia’selectronicwastehasbeen____.

問題1選項

A.Exertpressureonmanufacturersofelectronicdevices.

B.Laydownrelevantlocalregulationsthemselves.

C.LobbythelawmakersoftheCaliforniaAssembly.

D.Rallysupporttopassthestalledbills.

問題2選項

A.regulationsondumpinghazardoussubstancesintolandfills

B.thesaleofusedelectronicdevicestoforeigncountries

C.thefundingoflocalinitiativestoreuseelectronictrash

D.thereprocessingofthehugeamountsofelectronicwasteinthestate

問題3選項

A.theycontainlargeamountsofharmfulsubstances

B.thisisbannedbytheCaliforniagovernment

C.somepartsmayberecycledforuseelsewhere

D.unscrupulousdealerswillretrievethemforprofit

問題4選項

A.abandononlineshopping

B.buythemfromotherstates

C.stronglyprotestagainstsuchacharge

D.hesitatetoupgradetheircomputers

問題5選項

A.collectedbynon-profitagencies

B.dumpedintolocallandfills

C.exportedtoforeigncountries

D.recycledbycomputermanufacturers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第