考研考博-英語-包頭職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-包頭職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingfiveunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

Youcannotfindorwillyoueverfindgoldonthesurface.IthastobediscoveredandhastobefounddeepinsidetheEarth’sground.1.Andittakesyearstofindthegoldandthisiswhyitissovaluable.Noteveryonehasit.

Characteristhesame.Youwillnotfindcharacteronthesurface.Youcanonlyfindcharacterdeepinsideyoursoul.2.Andyourcharacterisonlydiscoveredwhenthereischaos.Yourcharacterisnevertestedwhenthingsaregoingyourway.

3.Youhavetodigdeepinsideofyoutofindthecharacterandwhenyoudothatyouwilldiscoverthetruegold.

Youconsistentlyrememberonhowyoutreatothers.Areyoukindorunkind?Doyouhavemanners?Areyourespectful?Thesearequestionsweaskeachother.

4.Thisiswhyyourcharacterisyourgoldmine.Youmustguardyourcharacterjustlikeyouwouldguardyourgold.Donotletanyonetakeitordestroyit.

5.Peoplewilltestyouinlifeandeventsinlifewillshakeyou.However,whenthishappenspleaselookdeepinsideandfindyourcharacterbecauseyourcharacterwillhelpyousucceedanyevent.

Yourcharacterisyourgold.

【答案】1.這個(gè)過程很費(fèi)時(shí)間，所以黃金才那么珍貴，不是每個(gè)人都能夠擁有。

2.只有混亂發(fā)生的時(shí)候你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它，只有在事情不順心的時(shí)候你的品質(zhì)才會(huì)得到考驗(yàn)

3.向自我的深處挖掘，尋找你的品質(zhì)，這樣你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的黃金。

4.這就是為什么說你的品質(zhì)是你的金礦。你一定要守護(hù)你的品質(zhì)，就像你會(huì)守護(hù)自己的黃金一樣。

5.在生活中，有的人會(huì)考驗(yàn)?zāi)悖械氖虑闀?huì)使你動(dòng)搖。

2.單選題

They（）outbecausethelightison.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustn’thavegone

B.maynothavegone

C.cannothavegone

D.needn’thavegone

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。表示推測(cè)時(shí)，肯定形式用must，否定形式用can’t一般表示對(duì)事實(shí)有根據(jù)的否定推測(cè)。如：Hecan’tbeinthehouse；hewentouthalfanhourago．（他不可能在家，半小時(shí)前他就出去了。）can后接動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)表示某人可能已經(jīng)做了某事或某事已發(fā)生，或者由虛擬語氣延伸而表示“能而未”。如：Wherecanhehavegone?（他能去哪兒了呢？）Manywomencouldhavehadverygoodpositionsinsociety，buttheypreferredtostayathometakingcareoftheirfamilies．（許多婦女都能在社會(huì)上找到很好的工作，但她們寧愿呆在家里，照顧家人。），A選項(xiàng)mustn’thavegone“禁止出去”；mustnot表示禁止，語氣強(qiáng)硬，一般情況下后面不跟動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)，B選項(xiàng)maynothavegone“可能沒出去”；C選項(xiàng)cannothavegone“不可能出去”；D選項(xiàng)needn’thavegone“不需要出去”。句意：燈還開著，他們_____。由“燈還開著”可以推斷出，他們不可能出去了，一定還在家，所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Inwinterdrivershavetroublestoppingtheircarsfrom（

）onicyroads.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skating

B.skidding

C.sliding

D.slipping

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:司機(jī)冬天在結(jié)冰的路面上停車不是件困難的事情。

Skating滑冰(娛樂活動(dòng)或體育競(jìng)技項(xiàng)目);skidding側(cè)滑，打滑;sliding滑動(dòng),多以人為主語，形容某物順利無阻礙地滑行;slip滑倒。此處指車輛打滑,故選B。

4.單選題

Thepriestmadetheofthe（

）crosswhenheenteredthechurch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mark

B.signal

C.sign

D.gesture

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:牧師進(jìn)入教堂之前比劃了一個(gè)十字。

Signofthecross為固定搭配，意為“十字架”,mark標(biāo)記,記號(hào);signal信號(hào);gesture手勢(shì),makeagesture做手勢(shì)；擺...姿態(tài),但是通常不和thecross連用。故選C。

5.單選題

PoliceandlandlordsinWincantonandCasteCaryhaveunitedtosendaveryclearmessagethatdrugswillnotbe（）inthetowns,aftertracesofClassAsubstanceswerediscoveredonpubpremises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transported

B.tightened

C.tolerated

D.threatened

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。transported運(yùn)輸?shù)?；tightened變緊的；tolerated可接納的；threatened受到威脅的。句意：在酒吧場(chǎng)所發(fā)現(xiàn)a類物質(zhì)的蹤跡后，Wincanton和CasteCary的警察和酒吧老板聯(lián)合發(fā)出了一個(gè)非常明確的信息，即鎮(zhèn)上將不再容許毒品。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Inspiteoftherain,the______spectatorswaitedpatientlyforthedelayedstartofthegame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.industrious

B.ingenious

C.chaotic

D.assiduous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)industrious“勤奮的，勤勞的”，B項(xiàng)ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的，精制的”，C項(xiàng)chaotic“混沌的，混亂的”，D項(xiàng)assiduous“兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的，孜孜不倦的”。由spectators（觀眾）和thedelayedstartofthegame（被推遲的比賽開始）可知，當(dāng)時(shí)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)該是“混亂的”，C項(xiàng)符合。句意：盡管下著雨，但是混亂的觀眾耐心地等待著被推遲的比賽開始。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Galaxyclustersarethemostmassivestructuresintheuniverseandexertsuchapowerful（）pullthattheywarpthespacetimearoundthemandactascosmiclensesthatcanmagnify,distortandbendthelightbehindthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gravitational

B.exceptional

C.motivational

D.sensational

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)gravitational表示“重力的，引力的”；B選項(xiàng)exceptional表示“超常的，異常的，例外的”；C選項(xiàng)motivational表示“動(dòng)機(jī)的，激發(fā)性的”；D選項(xiàng)sensational表示“轟動(dòng)的，聳人聽聞的，使人感動(dòng)的”。由句意可知，星系團(tuán)是宇宙中最巨大的結(jié)構(gòu)，它能產(chǎn)生巨大的引力，扭曲周圍的時(shí)空，就像宇宙透鏡一樣放大、扭曲和彎曲后面的光線。因此，A選項(xiàng)gravitational的含義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Jackcametothepartywithayoungwoman,whomI（）tobehisgirlfriend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pretended

B.supposed

C.resumed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pretended“假裝”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“繼續(xù),重新開始”;granted“同意,授予”。句意:Jack和一個(gè)年輕女子一起來參加聚會(huì),我猜想應(yīng)該是他的女朋友。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Theprofessorstoppedforadrinkandthen()withhislectureontheIndianculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceeded

B.processed

C.preferred

D.presented

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。proceedwith“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”；process和prefer沒有與with搭配的用法；presentwith“贈(zèng)禮物與……”。句意：教授停下來喝了一杯，然后繼續(xù)他關(guān)于印度文化的講座。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Herremarks（）acompletedisregardforhumanrights.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnified

B.maintained

C.manipulated

D.manifested

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)magnified“擴(kuò)大，放大”；B選項(xiàng)maintained“保持，供養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)manipulated“操縱，控制”；D選項(xiàng)manifested“表明，顯示”，句意：她的評(píng)論表明了對(duì)人權(quán)的完全漠視，所以只有D選項(xiàng)符合。

11.單選題

Anargumentwas（

）becausetheydislikeeachothersomuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridiculous

B.inevitable

C.excessive

D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ridiculous“荒唐的，荒謬的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；excessive“過量的”；conservative“保守的”。句意：由于他們彼此都很討厭對(duì)方,所以爭(zhēng)論就難以避免。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

12.單選題

Acompletelynewsituationisboundto（）whentheexaminationsystemisintroduced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rise

B.arise

C.raise

D.arouse

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)考試制度被引入時(shí)，必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)全新的局面。arise沒有“上升”之意，多指“產(chǎn)生、發(fā)生和出現(xiàn)”，常用于抽象事物。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

13.單選題

Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther（

）forawholeweek.(98/6)

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.dominated

C.restricted

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。constrained“被強(qiáng)迫的”；dominated“占主導(dǎo)地位的”；restricted“受限制的’；occupied“使用中的；無空閑的”。句意：她熱衷于給這個(gè)大房子重新裝修，為此她會(huì)忙碌整個(gè)星期。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.

Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.

Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.

1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith（）.

2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto（）.

3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby（）.

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.earthquakesonly

B.tsunamisonly

C.bothearthquakesandtsunamis

D.variousnaturaldisasters

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildings

B.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccur

C.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamis

D.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappen

B.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccur

C.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapers

D.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarming

B.destructionofthebalanceoftheecology

C.earthquakes

D.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.structuresofthebuilding

B.solidityofthebuilding

C.theheightofthebuilding

D.thelocalgeology

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨思想題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是地震及其影響，并著重介紹了其最具破壞性的影響之一——海嘯。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知，seismologists的目標(biāo)是了解地球上的地震及其引發(fā)的其他活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.信息推斷題。結(jié)合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享這些信息能夠幫助減少可能發(fā)生的死亡和受傷人數(shù)。由此可以推斷，“earthquake-pronearea”指容易發(fā)生地震的地方，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句可知，地震最具破壞性的影響之一是海嘯。海嘯是巨大的海浪，發(fā)生在海底地震后。由此可知，海嘯是由地震導(dǎo)致的，選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影響地震強(qiáng)度的一個(gè)因素是當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)條件。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

15.單選題

Whentraveling,youareadvisedtotaketravelers'checks,whichprovideasecure（）tocarryingyourmoneyincash.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitute

B.preference

C.selection

D.alternative

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。substitute替代物；preference偏愛；selection選擇,

指從相當(dāng)數(shù)量中進(jìn)行選擇,

強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量多和慎重的判斷和鑒別；alternative可供選擇的,

強(qiáng)調(diào)在兩個(gè)中選一個(gè)。句意：旅游的時(shí)候建議你帶上旅行支票,

作為攜帯現(xiàn)金的一個(gè)安全替代方式。選項(xiàng)D正確。

16.單選題

Iwantsomething（

）placedinthiswindowsothatnoonewillbeabletowatchme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crotchety

B.opaque

C.inductive

D.incongruous

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。crotchety“有怪想的”；opaque“不透明的”；inductive“感應(yīng)的；誘導(dǎo)的”；incongruous“不協(xié)調(diào)的，不一致的”。句意：我想放一些不透明的東西到窗戶上，這樣就沒人能看見我了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語動(dòng)詞。with+名詞+分詞，表示原因或者伴隨條件，scholars和動(dòng)詞attend是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故正確答案選C。句意為：有來自24個(gè)國家的學(xué)者參加了會(huì)議，組委會(huì)有很多工作要做。

18.單選題

Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.viewpoint

B.vocation

C.prospect

D.preference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這本書將她的……從社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向精神方面，因?yàn)樗闹黝}是在改變他人之前，你必須先改變自己。viewpoint“觀點(diǎn)，視角”；vocation“職業(yè)”；prospect“前景，期望”；preference“偏愛，傾向”。根據(jù)“fromsocialtospiritual”可推測(cè)劃線單詞的意思是“觀點(diǎn)”，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.單選題

Itisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthority[A]inmatterofmeaningandusage.[B]Fewpeopleask[C]bywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.Butwhatfollows[D]appliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmatterof

B.Fewpeople

C.bywhat

D.applies

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)中的matter做名詞時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，它后面有meaning和usage兩個(gè)名詞，因此matter應(yīng)改為matters。

20.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項(xiàng)rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項(xiàng)reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項(xiàng)deny表示“否定，否認(rèn)；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒有食物可吃，那么我們會(huì)認(rèn)為他發(fā)瘋了。故A項(xiàng)deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______，soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exotic“奇異的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“極好的，華麗的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，發(fā)亮的”；spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”。句意：我手邊上的指針會(huì)發(fā)光，所以我能在黑暗中看清時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

22.單選題

Youwillgettothechurchmorequicklyifyoutakethis（）acrossthefields.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.track

B.passage

C.method

D.journey

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)track“軌道，足跡，小道”；B選項(xiàng)passage“走廊，通道”；C選項(xiàng)method“方法”；D選項(xiàng)journey“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你沿著這條小路穿過田野，到教堂會(huì)快一些。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

23.單選題

They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enclosure

B.restriction

C.blockade

D.prohibition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enclosure“圍墻，圍場(chǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)restriction“限制，約束”；C選項(xiàng)blockade“包圍，封鎖”；D選項(xiàng)prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖”。句意：他們解除了對(duì)該國長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年的經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

24.單選題

Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasily_____foramonthorayearasforasingleday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putup

B.stayup

C.speedup

D.makeup

【答案】A

【解析】putup在某地投宿;stayup熬夜,不睡覺;speedup加速;makeup組成,化妝,整理。句意：帶著這些東西到任何地方,他都可以輕松地住上一個(gè)月或一年,就好像只住一天一樣。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

25.單選題

TheChineseRedCross（

）ageneroussumtothereliefofthephysicallydisabled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assigned

B.contributed

C.furnished

D.administered

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。assign“分配，分派”；contribute“捐助，捐獻(xiàn)”；furnish“提供、供應(yīng)”；administer“管理”。句意：中國紅十字會(huì)捐出了一大筆錢來減輕殘疾人的痛苦。B項(xiàng)符合題意，答案B

26.單選題

Thepilotmadealast（frantic）distresscallbeforehebailedout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.desperate

C.routine

D.futile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)urgent“緊急的”；B選項(xiàng)desperate“絕望的”；C選項(xiàng)routine“常規(guī)的”；D選項(xiàng)futile“無效的”。句意：飛行員在跳傘前發(fā)出了最后一個(gè)絕望的求救信號(hào)。劃線部分frantic是絕望的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

27.單選題

Therighttokeepyourpersonallifeprivate,particularlyifyou’reapublic（

）,conflictswithafreepress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personnel

B.image

C.figure

D.creature

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。personnel人事部門，全體人員；image影像；figure數(shù)字，人物；creature動(dòng)物，生物。該句中指的是“如果你是一個(gè)公眾人物”，故C項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：尤其如果你是公眾人物，保護(hù)個(gè)人生活隱私的權(quán)利會(huì)與言論自由權(quán)相沖突。

28.單選題

Tradinginprivatesharesisgrowingrapidly,thoughit’shardto________exactnumbers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boildown

B.pindown

C.turndown

D.countdown

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.boildown歸結(jié)，濃縮B.pindown確定，明確

C.turndown調(diào)低，調(diào)小D.countdown倒數(shù)，倒計(jì)時(shí)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】空格處與下文的“exactnumbers（確切的數(shù)額）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，it’shardtodosth.句式意為“很難做某事”，表示很難怎么樣確切的數(shù)額。though引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，根據(jù)從句內(nèi)容所得出的某種預(yù)期應(yīng)與主句“內(nèi)部股票的交易正在迅速增長(zhǎng)（growingrapidly）”之間存在相反的邏輯關(guān)系，說明該預(yù)期應(yīng)為“不清楚交易的增長(zhǎng)情況”。通常來說只有確定了增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)額，才能清楚交易的增長(zhǎng)情況，由此可知從句部分所表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“很難確定確切的數(shù)額”。同時(shí)，由“exact（確切的）”也可推出應(yīng)該是“確定”一個(gè)具體的數(shù)額。pindown指準(zhǔn)確地表述或解釋某事物，因此B選項(xiàng)pindown“確定，明確”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)boildown“歸結(jié)，濃縮”指通過刪去不重要的部分使事物或信息變得更簡(jiǎn)短精煉，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)turndown“調(diào)低，調(diào)小”指通過操作按鈕或開關(guān)等控制裝置來降低某物的音量、溫度等，不能和“確切的數(shù)額（exactnumbers）”進(jìn)行搭配；

D選項(xiàng)countdown“倒數(shù)，倒計(jì)時(shí)”指按從大到小的倒序數(shù)，可引申為密切注意在某一特定時(shí)刻或事件發(fā)生前還剩多少時(shí)間，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】盡管很難確定確切的數(shù)字，但內(nèi)部股票的交易正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。

29.單選題

Hewassopoorthathehad（）thanonehundreddollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noless

B.notless

C.nomore

D.notmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。nomorethan意為“至多，僅僅”。句意“他窮到僅僅只有一百美元?！边x項(xiàng)C符合句意。

30.單選題

We'vejustinstalledafan（

）tocookingsmellsfromthekitchen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eject

B.expel

C.exclude

D.exile

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。eject“噴射，驅(qū)逐”；expel“驅(qū)逐”；exclude“排除，排出”；exile“放逐，流放”。句意：我們剛剛安裝了一臺(tái)風(fēng)扇來排出廚房的煙氣。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

31.單選題

Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thread

B.cord

C.string

D.rope

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。hangbyathread“千鈞一發(fā)”。句意：總統(tǒng)的政治未來現(xiàn)在正處在千鈞一發(fā)的時(shí)刻。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

32.單選題

Duringthe19thcentury,JewsinmostEuropeancountriesachievedsomeequalityofstatuswithnon-Jews,attimesJewswereharassedbyanti-Semiticgroups.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyed

B.opposed

C.exploited

D.despised

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:在19世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)歐洲國家的猶太人獲得了與非猶太人的平等地位，但是有時(shí)他們還會(huì)受到反猶太人群體的討厭。

annoy:煩惱，惹惱。oppose:反對(duì)，反抗。exploit:開發(fā)，開拓。despise:輕視，蔑視。harass:困擾，煩惱。故選A。

33.單選題

Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(難治療的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.

Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit,wecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.

Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal(可以收買的).Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.

1.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?

2.Scientistshavetoadapttheirresearchto“economicneeds”inorderto（）.

3.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause（）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Supportfromthevotes.t

B.Thereductionofpublicexpenditure.t

C.Quickeconomicsreturns.t

D.Thebudgetforaresearchproject.t

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.impressthepublicwiththeirachievementst

B.pursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssaket

C.obtainfundingfromthegovernmentt

D.translateknowledgeintowealtht

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinktheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.t

B.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionstothemselves.t

C.Theyknowittakespatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.t

D.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.t

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobewrongt

B.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfundingt

C.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonestyt

D.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcernedt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itmakesthingsdifficultforscientistsseekingresearchfunds.t

B.Peoplewouldnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.t

C.Itmaydampentheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.t

D.Scientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)涉及到科學(xué)研究時(shí)，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的是什么？”。文章第一段提到Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.（大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有政府，都根據(jù)科研單位過去和將來帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益來證明在科學(xué)研究上的公共支出是合理的），由此可知，當(dāng)涉及到科學(xué)研究時(shí)，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的還是科學(xué)研究上的公共支出，即科研經(jīng)費(fèi)；故B項(xiàng)“減少公共開支”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“選票的支持”，文章第一段提到了Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(難治療的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.（政客們提醒他們的選民，“我們的科學(xué)家”已經(jīng)發(fā)明了輝煌的機(jī)器，緩解舊病的新藥，以及新的手術(shù)設(shè)備和技術(shù)，這些技術(shù)可以治療以前難以治愈的疾病，挽救生命），可知，雖然政客們?cè)谶x民中強(qiáng)調(diào)科研帶來的好處，但無法從文章推斷選民的支持是政府最關(guān)心的；C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)快”，這只是政府用于證明科研經(jīng)費(fèi)的公共支出的合理性；D項(xiàng)“研究項(xiàng)目的預(yù)算”文章沒有提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“科學(xué)家必須使他們的研究適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求以便……”。第一段第四句thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.（政客們要求科學(xué)家們根據(jù)“經(jīng)濟(jì)需求”調(diào)整研究，對(duì)“接近市場(chǎng)”并能在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為最大投資回報(bào)的研究方案給予更高的優(yōu)先級(jí)；科學(xué)家的大部分資金都依賴于政客，他們別無選擇，只能服從），由此可推，在政客們的要求下，科學(xué)家們必須根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求轉(zhuǎn)化為最大投資回報(bào)的研究方案，目的是為了從政客那里獲取資金，故C項(xiàng)“從政府獲得資金”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“用他們的成就給公眾留下深刻印象”文章未提及；B項(xiàng)“為了知識(shí)而追求知識(shí)”和D項(xiàng)“將知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為財(cái)富”與原文不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“為什么科學(xué)家們不抱怨政府關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的政策？”。第一段最后一句提到Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.（許多人有不同的意見，但他們認(rèn)為，在一種不利于追求理解本身和探究創(chuàng)新精神的氛圍中，他們把這些意見保留了下來），由此可知，科學(xué)家們選擇保留意見的原因是考慮到了所處環(huán)境的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，故A項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為自己的工作環(huán)境不利于自由追求知識(shí)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“他們習(xí)慣于保留自己的意見”，表述不準(zhǔn)確；C項(xiàng)“他們知道贏得公眾的支持需要耐心”和D項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為遵守政府政策符合公眾的利益”文章未提及。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為，人們之所以懷疑科學(xué)家的專業(yè)判斷是因?yàn)椤薄８鶕?jù)第三段最后的例子Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.（最有可能理解核反應(yīng)堆安全性的科學(xué)家是核工程師：如果他宣稱一個(gè)反應(yīng)堆不安全，我們就相信他，因?yàn)槿鲋e顯然對(duì)他不利；如果他告訴我們它是安全的，另一方面，我們不信任他，因?yàn)樗芸赡苁窃诒Ｗo(hù)付給他工資的雇主），由此可以推理，公眾懷疑科學(xué)家的專業(yè)判斷是認(rèn)為他們和某些咨詢公司或者項(xiàng)目有利益關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)“他們可能會(huì)受到與有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的聯(lián)系的影響”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們的聲明往往被證明是錯(cuò)誤的”，表述太絕對(duì)；B項(xiàng)“有時(shí)他們隱藏研究資金的來源”，第二段提到Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.（即使教授沒有在任何公司擔(dān)任顧問，一些人仍然可能因?yàn)樗c那些咨詢公司的關(guān)系而不信任他，或者至少懷疑他的研究資金的來源），可知B項(xiàng)表述不正確；C項(xiàng)“他們中的一些人沒有優(yōu)先考慮知識(shí)的誠實(shí)”，第三段指出Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.（這種態(tài)度質(zhì)疑了個(gè)人在一個(gè)將學(xué)術(shù)誠實(shí)視為最高美德的職業(yè)中工作的正直性，并落入了那些想要用腐敗來詆毀科學(xué)家的人的手中），由此可知C項(xiàng)表述也不正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者說公眾對(duì)科學(xué)家的不信任會(huì)有破壞性的影響？”。題干所述問題在文章的第三段有體現(xiàn)，Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.（這種態(tài)度質(zhì)疑了個(gè)人在一個(gè)將學(xué)術(shù)誠實(shí)視為最高美德的職業(yè)中工作的正直性，并落入了那些想要用腐敗來詆毀科學(xué)家的人的手中），并通過核工程師的舉例，來表達(dá)公眾對(duì)科學(xué)家的不信任的影響，那就是即使科學(xué)家說的是真話，公眾也不會(huì)相信，故B項(xiàng)“人們不會(huì)相信科學(xué)家，即使他們說真話”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“這給尋求研究資金的科學(xué)家?guī)砹死щy”、C項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)抑制科學(xué)家獨(dú)立研究的熱情”和D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家自己可能懷疑他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的價(jià)值”在第三段都未描述到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

34.單選題

Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elite

B.disenfranchised

C.reactionaries

D.dissatisfied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞及名詞辨析。elite“精英；精華”；disenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的”，thedisenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的人”；reactionaries“反動(dòng)派”；dissatisfied“不滿意的；不高興的”。句意：在社會(huì)穩(wěn)定時(shí)期，很多藝術(shù)學(xué)院被教條主義者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有創(chuàng)意的作品必須由那些被剝奪了權(quán)利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教條主義者控制”及“realcreativework真正有創(chuàng)意的作品”的對(duì)應(yīng)知“真正有創(chuàng)意的作品都是由藝術(shù)學(xué)院里被剝奪了權(quán)利的人來完成。被教條主義控制意味著被剝奪了權(quán)利。

35.單選題

GoingGreenAfterGray

VisantoMelina,R.D.,gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter."Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople."shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn'tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,"shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn'thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging—weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion—andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines.Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin."Thecrashfeltliketheflu,"shesays.Bychance,Robertswas