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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hundredsofchickensareraisedinthe().

問題1選項

A.exposure

B.enclosure

C.closure

D.pressure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項exposure“暴露;曝光”;B選項enclosure“附件;圍墻”;C選項closure“關(guān)閉;終止”;D選項pressure“壓力;壓迫”。句意:……里養(yǎng)了數(shù)百只小雞。句中所說的是圈養(yǎng)小雞,所以會需要一堵圍墻。因此B選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely()myideastoproveyourpoint.

問題1選項

A.revising

B.distorting

C.distracting

D.contradicting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revise“修訂”;distort“扭曲”;distract“轉(zhuǎn)移,分心”;contradict“反駁,否定”。根據(jù)Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall“我根本沒有說過那樣的話”可知“為了證明你的觀點,將我的想法扭曲了”符合語境,因此選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Youarethe()personIwanttosee.Whydidyoucometoseeme?

問題1選項

A.very

B.fine

C.last

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項very“恰好的;十足的;唯獨的;真正的”;B選項fine“好的;健康的;晴朗的”;C選項last“最后的;最終的;最不可能的”;D選項suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)模幌嗯涞摹?。句意:你就是我……要見的人。你為什么來看我?由后面的問句可看出說話者并不想見此人,四個選項中只有l(wèi)ast表示“最不……的”之意,因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Manyeconomicstudieshavetriedtoisolatetheeffectsofdeficits.

問題1選項

A.separate

B.giveup

C.reject

D.change

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.separate分開;分離B.giveup放棄

C.reject拒絕;否決D.change改變

【答案】A

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】原句語義為“許多經(jīng)濟學(xué)研究試圖____赤字的影響”,原詞isolate“分離”,A選項separate“分開;分離”最符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B選項giveup“放棄”,不符合語義銜接,研究沒有辦法放棄赤字的影響;

C選項reject“拒絕;否決”,不符合語義銜接,研究沒有辦法拒絕或否決赤字的影響;

D選項change“改變”,不符合原文語義。

【句意】許多經(jīng)濟學(xué)研究試圖將赤字的影響分離開來。

5.單選題

Pleasedonotbe()byhisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.

問題1選項

A.disregarded

B.distorted

C.irritated

D.intervened

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他只是想引起注意,所以請不要因為他的不禮貌而生氣。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式表被動。Disregard不顧,不理。Distort歪曲,曲解。irritate激怒,發(fā)怒。Intervene介入,干涉,阻撓,一般作不及物動詞,不可用于被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)空格后的hisbadmanners(他的不禮貌)可判斷,C項正確。

6.單選題

Iwouldrather___troubleandhardshiplikethatthan___byothers.

問題1選項

A.had....takecareof

B.have...takencareof

C.had...takencareof

D.have...betakencareof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配wouldratherdosth.thandosth.“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”可知空格處要填入原型,排除A,B,C選項。句意:我寧愿有困難,也不愿被別人照顧。因此D選項正確。

7.翻譯題

Informulatinghypotheses,acommonerroristheuncriticalacceptanceofapparentcommonsensebutuntestedassumptions.Thusinthefieldofpsychology,itwasformanyyearsautomaticallyassumedthatthemaincauseofforgetfulnessistheintervaloftimeelapsingbetweensuccessiveexposurestoalearningstimulus.Experimentation,however,wassubsequentlyundertaken,andseveralotherfactors,suchasmotivationandthestrengthoreffectivenessofthestimulus,turnedouttohaveanevermoreimportantbearingontheproblem.Asomewhatsimilarerrorarisesfromneglectofmultiplecauses.Thustwoeventsmaybefoundtobeassociated,e.g.whentheincidenceofadiseaseinasmokyindustrialsectorofacityissignificantlyhigherthanthatinthesmoke-freezones,aresearchworkermightinferthattheexistenceofthediseaseisduetothesmokinessoftheareawheninfactitmightequallywellbefoundinotherreasons,suchastheunder-nourishmentoftheinhabitantsorover-crowding.

【答案】【參考譯文】在提出假設(shè)的過程中,一個常見的錯誤是不加批判地接受表面上是常識但未經(jīng)檢驗的假設(shè)。因此,在心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域,多年來不經(jīng)思索地認(rèn)為健忘的主要原因是消逝在連續(xù)受到學(xué)習(xí)刺激之間的時間間隔。但是后來的實驗表明了還有其他幾個因素在這個問題中起重要的作用,比如動機和刺激的強度和效力。一個有些類似的錯誤源自忽視原因的多樣性。因此,兩個事件可能會被發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)聯(lián),例如,當(dāng)一種疾病的發(fā)病率在煙霧彌漫的城市工業(yè)區(qū)明顯高于無煙區(qū)域時,研究人員可能會推論疾病的存在是由于該地區(qū)的煙霧的關(guān)系,而事實上可能是由于其他的同樣可以造成這種疾病的原因,比如居民的營養(yǎng)不良或過分擁擠。

8.單選題

21-25

問題1選項

A.Anewconceptofdiabetes.

B.ThedefinitionofType1andType2diabetes.

C.Thenewmanagementofdiabeticsinthehospital.

D.Thenewdevelopmentofnon-perishableinsulinpills.

問題2選項

A.Becauseitvaporizeseasily.

B.Becauseitbecomesoveractiveeasily.

C.Becauseitisusuallyininjectionform.

D.Becauseitisnotstableabove40degreesFahrenheit.

問題3選項

A.Thediabeticscanbecuredwithouttakingsyntheticinsulinanylonger.

B.Thefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

C.Insulincanbemorestablethanitisnow.

D.Insulincanbeproducednaturally.

問題4選項

A.Itisstableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears.

B.Itisadministereddirectlyintothebloodstream.

C.Itdeliversglucosefrombloodtothecells.

D.Itismorechemicallycomplex.25.

問題5選項

A.Whyinsulinisnotstableatroomtemperature.

B.Howimportantitistounderstandthechemicalbondsofinsulin.

C.WhypeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdon’tproduceenoughinsulin.

D.Whatshapeinsulintakeswhenitunlocksthecellstotakesugarformblood.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】(21)AteamofAustralianchemistrystudentshavestrengthenedthechemicalbondsofinsulintomakeitstableevenatwarmtemperatures—abreakthroughthatcouldsimplifydiabetesmanagement.Thefindingcouldshedlightonhowinsulinworksandeventuallyleadtoinsulinpills,ratherthaninjectionsorpumps.(22)Insulinneedstobekeptcoldbecauseitismadeofweakchemicalbondsthatdegradeattemperaturesabove40degreesFahrenheit,makingitinactive.Butusingaseriesofchemicalreactions,theresearchteam,comprisedofstudentsfromMonashUniversityinAustralia,replacedtheunstablebondswithstronger,carbon-basedones.Thestrongerbondsstabilizetheinsulin’stwoproteinchainswithoutinterferingwithitsnaturalactivity,accordingtoastoryaboutthefindingsatSciGuru.(24)Theso-called“dicarba”insulinswerestableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears,SciGurusays.(23)Evenmorepromisingisthatthefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

PeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdonotproduceenoughinsulin,whetherit’stheresultofanauto-immunedisorderthatstopsproducingitentirely(Type1)oraconditionbroughtonbyotherfactorslikeobesity,inwhichthebodycannolongeruseitproperly(Type2).Insulinisthemechanismthatdeliversglucosefromthebloodtothecells,sodiabeticsmusttakeasyntheticformofthehormone.(25)Wheninsulinunlockscellstoallowsugartobetakenupfromtheblood,thehormone’sshapechanges—butnooneissurewhattheshapelookslike.Ifresearchersknewthatshape,theycoulddesignsmaller;less-complexversionsofinsulinthatdon’tuseproteins.Thenitcouldbeadministeredinpillformratherthandirectlyintothebloodstream.Understandingthemolecule’schemicalbondsisasteptowardunlockingthatshape,theresearcherssay.

21.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?

【解析】文章開頭即給出了主旨:一組澳大利亞的化學(xué)系學(xué)生強化了胰島素的化學(xué)鍵,以使其在高溫下也能穩(wěn)定。故選D。

22.Whydoesinsulinneedtobekeptcold,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】根據(jù)文章信息,胰島素的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)較弱,在高溫下會使胰島素失效。故選D。

23.Whatmakestheresearchmorepromising?

【解析】根據(jù)原文信息可以得知:研究結(jié)果更有助于了解胰島素是如何發(fā)揮效用的,故選B。

24.Whatistrueaboutthenewtypeofinsulin?

【解析】根據(jù)原文信息可以得知:這種新型胰島素可以在室溫下放置幾年(不變質(zhì)),故選A。

25.Whatisunknowntothescientists,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】原文中提到當(dāng)胰島素“打開”細(xì)胞,讓血液中的葡萄糖進入細(xì)胞時,荷爾蒙的形態(tài)隨之改變,但無人知曉其形態(tài)是什么樣的。故選D。

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

41.Thecrucialpointisthis:labor,landandmoneyareessentialelementsofindustry;theyalsomustbeorganizedinmarket;infact,thesemarketsformanabsolutelyvitalpartoftheeconomic-system.Butlabor,landandmoneyareobviouslynotcommodities.Laborisonlyanothernameforahumanactivitywhichgoeswithlifeitself,whichinitsturnisnotproducedforsalebutforentirelydifferentseasons,norcanthatactivitybedetachedfromtherestoflife,bestoredormobilized;landisonlyanothernamefornature,whichisnotproducedbyman;actualmoney,finally,ismerelyatokenofpurchasingpowerwhich,asarule,isnotproducedatall,butcomesintobeingthroughthemechanismofbankingorstatefinance.Noneofthemisproducedforsale.Thecommoditydescriptionoflabor,landandmoneyisentirelyfictitious.

【答案】關(guān)鍵在于:勞動力、土地和金錢是工業(yè)的基本要素;在市場上,它們還必須以組織有序的形式呈現(xiàn);事實上,這些市場構(gòu)成了經(jīng)濟體系中絕對重要的一部分。然而勞動力、土地和金錢顯然不是商品。勞動只不過是一種與生命相伴的人類活動的別名。這種人類活動不是為了出售而產(chǎn)生的,而是順應(yīng)不同季節(jié)而出現(xiàn)的。并且這種活動也不能與生命體的其他活動分離開來,無法被儲存和調(diào)用。土地只是自然的另一個名稱,它不是由人類產(chǎn)生的;實際的貨幣僅僅是購買力的一種表征,一般來說,這種購買力根本無法被生產(chǎn),而是通過銀行或國家財政機制形成的。它們都不是為銷售而存在的。對勞動、土地和金錢的商品性描述完全是虛構(gòu)的。

10.單選題

Jackisnotverydecisive,andhealwaysfindshimselfina(

)asifhedoesn'tknowwhathereallywantstodo.

問題1選項

A.fantasy

B.dilemma

C.contradiction

D.conflict

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想,幻覺”;dilemma“困境,進退兩難”;contradiction“矛盾,否認(rèn),反駁”;conflict“沖突,斗爭”。句意:杰克做事不果敢,他經(jīng)常進退兩難,不知道做什么。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim().

問題1選項

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項coincide“一致,符合;同時發(fā)生”;B選項supervise“監(jiān)督,管理;指導(dǎo)”;C選項collaborate“合作;勾結(jié),通敵”;D選項collide“碰撞;抵觸,沖突”。句意:當(dāng)一個年輕人的職業(yè)目標(biāo)和他父母對他的希望一致時,那是幸運的。結(jié)合句意,故A選項正確。

12.單選題

Sometravelersbelievecarriersintentionallygroundhalf-filledflightstocutcost,onlytofilluplaterplanes.Mysteriouscancellationsjustrubpeoplethewrongway.OnepassengercomplainedthatanAmericanAirlinesgateagenttoldhimhedidn'thavethefoggiestideawhyaflighthadbeencancelleD.Waryoflostbagsandlongwaitsatcheck-inandluggagecarousel,manypassengerstrytolugasmuchcarry-onbaggageastheycan,slowingboardingandincreasingthestressonotherpassengers.StephanieMehas,apassenger,said,"Alwayspacktwoproperlysizedcarryons,"shesays,"butmanypeoplecomebangingdowntheaislewithmultiplebags,expectingtojamthemallintheoverheadbin."Thiscanbedangerous.Fallingcarry-onbagsannuallyinjurethousandsofpassengers.

Astothepresentsituation,veteranairlineobserverRobertPoolecontendsthatlegislationandindustrypromises"arestopgaps".Greaterregulationwilldonothingtospurinnovation,and,henotes,between1998and2010,airtravelinAmericawillhaveexpended40percenttoonebillionannualpassengers,overwhelmingourreadystrainedinfrastructure.Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend.Theultimatesolution,saysPoole,istocompletethe"unfinishedrevolution"thatbeganin1978withgovernmentderegulationofairlineroutesandfares.Poolebelievesthattheantiquated,overlybureaucraticair-traffic-controlsystemcouldbeprivatized,followingthesuccessfulmodelofNavCanada,whichuseshigh-techequipmentandmodernadministrativeprocedure.Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets.Moreoftheseairportswillrelievethepressureonthebigairports,butputpressureonthecarrierstoimprove.

1.Thesentence"..didn'thavethefoggiestidea"inLine3means().

2.ToomuchhandbaggagecancausesomeproblemsEXCEPT().

3.InPoole'sview,whichofthefollowingwilldoforachange?

4.Besidesprivatization,Poolealsoputsforwardanothersolution,thatis()

5.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsforthetitle?

問題1選項

A.hedidn'tknow

B.heknew,butcouldn'tsay

C.bevaguelyknew

D.hewasnotinapositiontoknow試題分析

問題2選項

A.safetyproblemsonboardtheplane

B.moretimeinboarding

C.pressureonotherpassengers

D.disorderontheplane

問題3選項

A.Legislation.

B.Industrycommitment.

C.Regulation.

D.Expansionofthepresentsystem.

問題4選項

A.moreuseofjets

B.lessrestrictiononroutesandfares

C.theadoptionofhigh-techequipment

D.establishmentofsecondaryairports

問題5選項

A.TheAirlinesAreinTrouble

B.TheInefficiencyoftheAirlines

C.ProblemsandSolutionsfortheAirlines

D.TheSystemoftheAirlinesShouldChange

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。foggiest的原形是foggy,意為"模糊的"。這句話的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一點都不知道的意思。選項A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,行李過多會導(dǎo)致登機速度更慢,也增加了其他乘客的壓力。放在行李架上也會有掉落的風(fēng)險從而傷到其他人,所以選項A,B,C均正確,只有選項D未提及。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Poole定位到第二段。根據(jù)第三句"Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend."他預(yù)計,除非該系統(tǒng)得到擴展,否則客戶服務(wù)將繼續(xù)全面下滑。選項D符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句"Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets."。另一項在海外表現(xiàn)出巨大前景的創(chuàng)新是小型私人機場,它們使用新型節(jié)油飛機提供點對點服務(wù)。選項A正確。

5.主旨大義題。本文講述了航天系統(tǒng)所岀現(xiàn)的問題及其解決策略。選項C符合文章主旨。

13.寫作題

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300word.

1.WriteapieceofArgumentationwiththetopic“Exam”.Youressayshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Showyourviewwithathesisstatement;

2)Supportyourviewwithnofewerthan2concretedetails;

3)Andconcludeyouressaywithanechototheintroduction.

2.Inordertoenhanceandcultivatecultureconfidence,theMinisteroftheMinistryofEducationproposedtoinvolvetraditionalcultureinthecurriculumoncampus.

1)Stateyouropinionabouttheproposalwithathesisstatement;

2)Supportyouropinionwithnofewerthan2concretedetail;

3)Andconcludeyouressaywithanechototheintroduction.

【答案】略

14.單選題

Don'tleaveyourbicycleoutintherain.It'llget().

問題1選項

A.rusty

B.crude

C.rough

D.tough

【答案】A

【解析】句意:不要將你的自行車放在雨中,

會生銹的。選項A正確。

15.單選題

Wehaven’tseenourneighborforoveraweek.They______onatripabroad.

問題1選項

A.couldgo

B.mustgo

C.mayhavegone

D.shouldhavegone

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的使用。A選項could表示過去的時間會做某事;B選項must表示必須做某事,C選項mayhavedone表示對過去所發(fā)生動作的猜測,D選項shouldhavedone表示本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做。句意:我們已經(jīng)一個多星期沒見到鄰居了。他們可能去國外旅行了。本句表示對過去動作的猜測。因此C選項正確。

16.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

What’sthebestteacher?Experience,ofcourse!It’spriceless.

Itcomesfromwhatyouyourselfhaveseen,heard,tasted,smelledandfelt—whatyouyourselfhavelivedthrough.

Takeacloserlook.Lookatourlimitations.

Nowonderexperienceissopreciousinthatwecan’tbegintogetenoughofit,evencannotexperienceagainwhatwejustlivedthrough.We’renotbornwithinstantreplay.Wecan’tactuallyreliveanymoment.And,obviously,we’relimitedtoonelifetime.

Spaceandtime!Howtheylimitus.Whohasatimemachinetocarryhimbackintohistory?Noone.It’sthesamewithspace.

Wecan’tliterallybeintwoplacesatthesametime.Rightnow,youcan’tbesittingwhereyouareandatthesametimebestrollingdownthefamedChampsElyseesinParis(巴黎香榭麗舍大道).

Andthere’ssomuchexperienceweneed.What’sitreallyliketoworkonanassemblyline?What’sitreallyliketobeasecretary?

Here’swherereadingfits.

Itcanbringus,personally,almostunlimitedadditionalexperience;tobesure,it’ssecondhandexperience.Butit’softenso,vividitseemsfirsthand,justasifwe’relivingthroughitourselves,beingmovedtotears,laughterorsuspense.Thatrichrangeofexperienceprovidestheidealsupplementtoourownlimitedexperience;bydoingso,readingbecomesoneofourmostprofoundmind-shapingactivities.

Furthermore,allthisexperienceisavailablewhenwewantit.Booksneverimposeonus.Whenwewantthem,wereachoutandpullthemofftheshellortable.Atourconvenienceweinvitethemtosharetheirunbelievablewealthwithus.

【答案】它(經(jīng)驗)來自于你自己的經(jīng)歷,自己看到、聽到、嘗到、聞到和感覺到的東西。

由于我們無法在一開始得到足夠的經(jīng)驗,甚至不能再次經(jīng)歷剛經(jīng)歷過的事情,使得經(jīng)驗如此寶貴。

我們不能同時出現(xiàn)在兩個地方?,F(xiàn)在,你不可能坐在你現(xiàn)在的位置,且同時漫步在巴黎著名的香榭麗舍大街上。

它能給我們個人帶來幾乎無限的額外經(jīng)驗;當(dāng)然,這是間接的經(jīng)驗。

豐富的經(jīng)驗為我們有限的經(jīng)驗提供了理想的補給;通過這樣做,閱讀成為我們最深刻的思想塑造活動之一。

17.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes(

)isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

)wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

oneselfandothersarepassed

fromonegenerationtothe

.

Weareconcerned

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

theseills.Wemustturn

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個家庭選擇哪一個房間并不重要,可知填matter,此句意為:重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案:matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“(表示來源)來自……”,learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案:from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬,尊重”。

試題答案:for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來,傳承”。

試題答案:down

考查上下文語義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案:next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關(guān)心某事”。

試題答案:about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案:on

考查上下文語義。solveproblems意為“解決問題”。

試題答案:solve

考查上下文語義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為:只有在一個地方,我們才能重獲價值和誠信,才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案:cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向”

試題答案:to

18.單選題

Amajorcharacteristicofparliamentarygovernmentisthefusionofexecutiveandlegislativepowersinonebody.

問題1選項

A.fixing

B.strength

C.union

D.alignment

【答案】C

【解析】句意:議會制政府的一個主要特點是行政權(quán)和立法權(quán)合二為一。fusion意為融合。fixing固定,加固;strength力量,力氣;union聯(lián)合,聯(lián)盟,工會;alignment隊列,校準(zhǔn),結(jié)盟。選項C與之意思相近。

19.單選題

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthis....andthen....Forheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(

).

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest(

).

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas(

).

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto(

).

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

問題1選項

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

問題2選項

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

問題3選項

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

問題4選項

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

問題5選項

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.本題詢問這篇文章的寫作目的。A項意為“為了揭示一個生物學(xué)家是如何對鯨魚研究感興趣的”;B項意為“描述了一個科學(xué)家與鯨魚一起工作的經(jīng)歷”;C項意為“討論了在哪些方面鯨魚和其他哺乳類動物相似”;D項意為“為了突出進行鯨魚研究工作中存在的危險”。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是一個記敘文,作者描述了自從1967年以來就一直在研究鯨魚。那段經(jīng)歷的一個愉快之處就是發(fā)現(xiàn)我們永遠(yuǎn)也沒有可能讓鯨魚去使用人類的時間觀。B選項更符合題意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意為“火花和煙霧”。A項意為“一個直接的方法是徒勞的”;B項意為“科學(xué)看起來似乎很神奇”;C項意為“這項工作有多么危險”;D項意為“有多么的努力”。根據(jù)劃線句所在的這一句話‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.當(dāng)我們拼命地想弄清楚這到底是什么東西的時候,這種動物的龐大身軀不時地從我們身邊滑過。盡管有許多火花和煙霧,我們到目前為止只完成了這個鑰匙孔的一個小的擴大?!_定作者要表達的意思是盡管付出了種種努力,到目前為止我們也不過就相當(dāng)于把那個鑰匙孔擴大了一點點。所以劃線詞是與“努力”有關(guān)的,D選項符合題意。

3.A項意為“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”;B項意為“一個典型的能在鯨魚等動物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人驚訝的人類行為”;C項意為“顯然無益的行為卻可能發(fā)揮著重要的作用”;D項意為“在許多物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)但是以違背物種之間進行的對比的一種形式存在的行為”。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,一個行為模式的作用最大的線索之一是它出現(xiàn)的節(jié)奏。因為我們通常會把玩耍和快速的行動聯(lián)系在一起,能夠意識到鯨魚在玩耍的關(guān)鍵就在于要有不同的思維,它們玩耍要有更長,更緩慢的節(jié)奏,動作更加地綿延遲緩。故所以A選項“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章最后三句話‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意識到,通過被動的觀察來發(fā)現(xiàn)事物能帶來更大的回報。我很快意識到,被動觀察所帶來的約束比實驗工作所帶來的約束更具挑戰(zhàn)性。它更像是十四行詩形式的限制,使得寫詩變得精致而富有挑戰(zhàn)性。被動觀察需要一種更微妙的思維方式,其結(jié)果可能是十四行詩,而不是民謠?!鶕?jù)句意可知這里強調(diào)的是“passive”觀察,也就是受限制的觀察,C選項“傳達了對一個明顯的限制的贊賞”更符合題意。

5.根據(jù)最后一段開頭‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物學(xué)生涯的頭十年里,我是一個實驗主義者。’確定A選項‘“作者在開始從事鯨魚研究之前的調(diào)查”’有涉及;由這一段后文內(nèi)容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鯨魚的研究工作時需要翻遍方法以及自己對不同的充滿挑戰(zhàn)的研究方法的關(guān)注,確定C選項“和鯨魚工作時所需要的方法的變化”和D選項“作者關(guān)心的是是否有能力進行不同類型的研究”兩項有涉及;但B選項“作者選擇鯨魚作為研究的主題的動機”作者并沒有提到,所以B選項符合題意。

20.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Itisexpectedthatmemberswillacceptthesanitarymeasuresofothersasequivalentiftheexportingcountrydemonstratestotheimportingcountrythatitsmeasuresachievetheimportingcountry'sappropriatelevelofhealthprotection.

2.Beinganonymousonthewebalsomakesitpossibleforpeopletodiscusssensitivesubjects,suchasmedicalconditionsandphysicalabuse,withouttheseactionsaffectingtheireverydaylivesinanegativeorpotentiallyharmfulway.

3.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.ButAmericansviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemoveorchangetheirjobs.

4.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.

5.Managementofthecompanypridesitselfonitshistoryofexperimentingwithnewtechnologiesanditssuccessinregularlyintroducinginnovativeproducts.Managersoremployeeswhohaveagoodideaareencouragedto“runwithit".

【答案】1.如果出口國向進口國證明其措施達到了進口國健康保護的適當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),那么預(yù)計成員國將把其他成員國的衛(wèi)生措施當(dāng)成對應(yīng)物來接受。

2.在網(wǎng)上匿名也使人們有可能討論敏感話題,如醫(yī)療條件和身體虐待,而這些行為不會以消極或潛在有害的方式影響他們的日常生活。

3.就像親情的紐帶一樣,友誼的紐帶是絕對有約束力的。但美國人認(rèn)為隨著人們的搬遷或調(diào)換工作而有深淺變化的友誼更具有暫時性。

4.既然我們已經(jīng)開始認(rèn)真地探索,那么我們會看到這些問題是多么巨大且距離解答它們有多遠(yuǎn)。

5.公司管理部門以自己試用新技術(shù)的歷史和成功地定期推出新產(chǎn)品為傲。有好想法的管理者或雇員被鼓勵去“按照自己的好想法去做”。

21.單選題

Weareinthemidstofagreatinvestigationofthoseenvironmentalquestions.WedotheEarthandourselvesthegreatest(

)inimaginingthataddressingthemliesoutsideourlivesandchoices.

問題1選項

A.gratitude

B.benefits

C.disservice

D.favor

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。gratitude“感激”;benefits“利益,好處”;disservice“傷害,幫倒忙”;favor“喜愛,贊賞”。句意:我們正在對那些環(huán)境問題展開全面的調(diào)查。我們想到地球,確實會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們對它和環(huán)境帶來了巨大的傷害。選項C符合題意。

22.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthe(1)paceofmodemlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonsters

(2)

thewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatis

(3)

matteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististhe

(4)

totherule.Perhapsthesituation

(5)

a“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,

(6)

itmaygetcompletely

(7)

.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgood

(8)

too.Ittakesthemost

cool-heade

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