計(jì)算機(jī)英文術(shù)語

計(jì)算機(jī)英文術(shù)語英文術(shù)語完全介紹1、CPU中央處理器。3DNow!（3Dnowaiting）ALU（ArithmeticLogicUnit,算術(shù)邏輯單元）AGU（AddressGenerationUnits,地址產(chǎn)成單元）BGA（BallGridArray,球狀矩陣排列）BHT（branchpredictiontable,分支預(yù)測(cè)表）BPU（BranchProcessingUnit,分支處理單元）BrachPediction（分支預(yù)測(cè)）CMOS（ComplementaryMetalOxideSemiconductor,互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體）CISC（ComplexInstructionSetComputing,復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算機(jī)）CLK（ClockCycle,時(shí)鐘周期）COB（Cacheonboard,板上集成緩存）COD（CacheonDie,芯片內(nèi)集成緩存）CPGA（CeramicPinGridArray,陶瓷針型柵格陣列）CPU（CenterProcessingUnit,中央處理器）DataForwarding（數(shù)據(jù)前送）Decode（指令解碼）DIB（DualIndependentBus,雙獨(dú)立總線）EC（EmbeddedController,嵌入式控制器）EmbeddedChips（嵌入式處理器）EPIC（explicitlyparallelinstructioncode,并行指令代碼）FADD（FloationgPointAddition,浮點(diǎn)加）FCPGA（FlipChipPinGridArray,反轉(zhuǎn)芯片針腳柵格陣列）FDIV（FloationgPointDivide,浮點(diǎn)除）FEMMS（FastEntry/ExitMultimediaState,快速進(jìn)入/退出多媒體狀態(tài)）FFT（fastFouriertransform,快速熱歐姆轉(zhuǎn)換）FID（FID：Frequencyidentify,頻率鑒別號(hào)碼）1FIFO（FirstInputFirstOutput,先入先出隊(duì)列）flip-chip（芯片反轉(zhuǎn)）FLOP（FloatingPointOperationsPerSecond,浮點(diǎn)操作/秒）FMUL（FloationgPointMultiplication,浮點(diǎn)乘）FPU（FloatPointUnit,浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算單元）FSUB（FloationgPointSubtraction,浮點(diǎn)減）HL-PBGA（表面黏著，高耐熱、輕薄型塑膠球狀矩陣封裝）IA（IntelArchitecture,英特爾架構(gòu)）ICU（InstructionControlUnit,指令控制單元）ID（identify,鑒別號(hào)碼）IDF（IntelDeveloperForum,英特爾開發(fā)者論壇）IEU（IntegerExecutionUnits,整數(shù)執(zhí)行單元）IMM（IntelMobileModule,英特爾移動(dòng)模塊）InstructionsCache（指令緩存）InstructionColoring（指令分類）IPC（InstructionsPerClockCycle,指令/時(shí)鐘周期）ISA（instructionsetarchitecture,指令集架構(gòu)）KNI（KatmaiNewInstructions,Katmai新指令集,即SSE）Latency（潛伏期）LDT（LightningDataTransport,閃電數(shù)據(jù)傳輸總線）LocalInterconnect（局域互連）MESI（Modified,Exclusive,Shared,Invalid：修改、排除、共享、廢棄）MMX（MultiMediaExtensions,多媒體擴(kuò)展指令集）MMU（MultimediaUnit,多媒體單元）MFLOPS（MillionFloationgPoint/Second,每秒百萬個(gè)浮點(diǎn)操作）MHz（MillionHertz,兆赫茲）MP（Multi-Processing,多重處理器架構(gòu)）MPS（MultiProcessorSpecification,多重處理器規(guī)范）MSRs（Model-SpecificRegisters,特別模塊寄存器）NAOC（no-accountOverClock,無效超頻）2NI（Non-InteL非英特爾）OLGA（OrganicLandGridArray,基板柵格陣列）OoO（OutofOrder,亂序執(zhí)行）PGA（Pin-GridArray,引腳網(wǎng)格陣列，耗電大）PR（PerformanceRate,性能比率）PSN（ProcessorSerialnumbers,處理器序列號(hào)）PIB（ProcessorInaBox,盒裝處理器）PPGA（PlasticPinGridArray,塑膠針狀矩陣封裝）PQFP（PlasticQuadFlatPackage,塑料方塊平面封裝）RAW（ReadafterWrite,寫后讀）RegisterContention（搶占寄存器）RegisterPressure（寄存器不足）RegisterRenaming（寄存器重命名）Remark（芯片頻率重標(biāo)識(shí)）Resourcecontention（資源沖突）Retirement（指令引退）RISC（ReducedInstructionSetComputing,精簡(jiǎn)指令集計(jì)算機(jī)）SEC（SingleEdgeConnector,單邊連接器）Shallow-trenchisolation（淺槽隔離）SIMD（SingleInstructionMultipleData,單指令多數(shù)據(jù)流）SiO2F（FluoridedSiliconOxide,二氧氟化硅）SMI（SystemManagementInterrupt,系統(tǒng)管理中斷）SMM（SystemManagementMode,系統(tǒng)管理模式）SMP（SymmetricMulti-Processing,對(duì)稱式多重處理架構(gòu)）SOI（Silicon-on-insulator,絕緣體硅片）SONC（Systemonachip,系統(tǒng)集成芯片）SPEC（SystemPerformanceEvaluationCorporation,系統(tǒng)性能評(píng)估測(cè)試）SQRT（SquareRootCalculations,平方根計(jì)算）SSE（StreamingSIMDExtensions,單一指令多數(shù)據(jù)流擴(kuò)展）Superscalar（超標(biāo)量體系結(jié)構(gòu)）3TCP（TapeCarrierPackage,薄膜封裝，發(fā)熱?。㏕hroughput（吞吐量）TLB（TranslateLooksideBuffers,翻譯旁視緩沖器）USWC（UncacheabledSpeculativeWriteCombination,無緩沖隨機(jī)聯(lián)合寫操作）VALU（VectorArithmeticLogicUnit,向量算術(shù)邏輯單元）VLIW（VeryLongInstructionWord,超長(zhǎng)指令字）VPU（VectorPermutateUnit,向量排列單元）VPU（vectorprocessingunits,向量處理單元，即處理MMX、SSE等SIMD指令的地方）2、主板ADIMM（advancedDualIn-lineMemoryModules,高級(jí)雙重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊）AMR（Audio/ModemRiser；音效/調(diào)制解調(diào)器主機(jī)板附加直立插卜）AHA（AcceleratedHubArchitecture,加速中心架構(gòu)）ASKIR（AmplitudeShiftKeyedInfra-Red,長(zhǎng)波形可移動(dòng)輸入紅外線）ATX（ATExtend,擴(kuò)展型AT）BIOS（BasicInput/OutputSystem,基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)）CSE（ConfigurationSpaceEnable,可分配空間）DB（DeviceBay,設(shè)備插架）DMI（DesktopManagementInterface,桌面管理接口）EB（ExpansionBus,擴(kuò)展總線）EISA（EnhancedIndustryStandardArchitecture,增強(qiáng)形工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)）EMI（ElectromagneticInterference,電磁干擾）ESCD（ExtendedSystemConfigurationData,可擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)配置數(shù)據(jù)）FBC（FrameBufferCache,幀緩沖緩存）FireWire（火線，即IEEE1394標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）FSB（FrontSideBus,前置總線,即外部總線）4FWH（FirmwareHub,固件中心）GMCH（Graphics&MemoryControllerHub,圖形和內(nèi)存控制中心）GPIs（GeneralPurposeInputs,普通操作輸入）ICH（Input/OutputControllerHub,輸入/輸出控制中心）IR（infraredray,紅外線）IrDA（infraredray,紅外線通信接口可進(jìn)行局域網(wǎng)存取和文件共享）ISA（IndustryStandardArchitecture,工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)）ISA（instructionsetarchitecture,工業(yè)設(shè)置架構(gòu)）MDC（MobileDaughterCard,移動(dòng)式子卡）MRH-R（MemoryRepeaterHub,內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)處理中心）MRH-S（SDRAMRepeaterHub,SDRAM數(shù)據(jù)處理中心）MTH（MemoryTransferHub,內(nèi)存轉(zhuǎn)換中心）NGIO（NextGenerationInput/Output,新，代輸入/輸出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）P64H（64-bitPCIControllerHub,64位PCI控制中心）PCB（printedcircuitboard,印刷電路板）PCBA（PrintedCircuitBoardAssembly,印刷電路板裝配）PCI（PeripheralComponentInterconnect,互連外圍設(shè)備）PCISIG（PeripheralComponentInterconnectSpecialInterestGroup,互連外圍設(shè)備專業(yè)組）POST（PowerOnSelfTest,加電自測(cè)試）RNG（RandomnumberGenerator,隨機(jī)數(shù)字發(fā)生器）RTC（RealTimeClock,實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘）KBC（KeyBroadControl,鍵盤控制器）SBA（SideBandAddressing,邊帶尋址）SMA（ShareMemoryArchitecture,共享內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)）STD（SuspendToDisk,磁盤喚醒）STR（SuspendToRAM,內(nèi)存喚醒）SVR（SwitchingVoltageRegulator,交換式電壓調(diào)節(jié)）USB（UniversalSerialBus,通用串行總線）USDM（UnifiedSystemDiagnosticManager,統(tǒng)一系統(tǒng)監(jiān)5測(cè)管理器）VID（VoltageIdentificationDefinition,電壓識(shí)別認(rèn)證）VRM（VoltageRegulatorModule,電壓調(diào)整模塊）ZIF（ZeroInsertionForce,零插力）主板技術(shù)技嘉ACOPS:AutomaticCPUOverHeatPreventionSystem（CPU過熱預(yù)防系統(tǒng)）SIV:SystemInformationViewer（系統(tǒng)信息觀察）磐英ESDJ（EasySettingDualJumper,簡(jiǎn)化CPU雙重跳線法）浩鑫UPT（USB、PANEL.LINK、TV-OUT四重接口）芯片組ACPI（AdvancedConfigurationandPowerInterface,先進(jìn)設(shè)置和電源管理）AGP（AcceleratedGraphicsPort,圖形加速接口）I/O（Input/Output,輸入/輸出）MIOC（MemoryandI/OBridgeController,內(nèi)存和I/O橋控制器）NBC（NorthBridgeChip,北橋芯片）PIIX（PCIISA/IDEAccelerator,加速器）PSE36（PageSizeExtension36—bit,36位頁面尺寸擴(kuò)展模式）PXB（PCIExpanderBridge,PCI增強(qiáng)橋）RCG（RAS/CASGenerator,RAS/CAS發(fā)生器）SBC（SouthBridgeChip,南橋芯片）SMB（SystemManagementBus,全系統(tǒng)管理總線）SPD（SerialPresenceDetect,內(nèi)存內(nèi)部序號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置）SSB（SuperSouthBridge,超級(jí)南橋芯片）TDP（TritonDataPath,數(shù)據(jù)路徑）6TSC（TritonSystemController,系統(tǒng)控制器）QPA（QuadPortAcceleration,四接口加速）3、顯示設(shè)備ASIC（ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit,特殊應(yīng)用集成電路）ASC（Auto-SizingandCentering,自動(dòng)調(diào)效屏幕尺寸和中心位置）BLA（BearnLandingArea,電子束落區(qū)）CRC（CyclicalRedundancyCheck,循環(huán)冗余檢查）CRT（CathodeRayTube,陰極射線管）DDC（DisplayDataChannel,顯示數(shù)據(jù)通道）DFL（DynamicFocusLens,動(dòng)態(tài)聚焦）DFS（DigitalFlexScan,數(shù)字伸縮掃描）DIC（DigitalImageControl,數(shù)字圖像控制）DigitalMultiscanII（數(shù)字式智能多頻追蹤）DLP（digitalLightProcessing,數(shù)字光處理）DOSD（DigitalOnScreenDisplay,同屏數(shù)字化顯示）DPMS（DisplayPowerManagementSignalling,顯示能源管理信號(hào)）DQL（DynamicQuadrapoleLens,動(dòng)態(tài)四極鏡）DSP（DigitalSignalProcessing,數(shù)字信號(hào)處理）EFEAL（ExtendedFieldEllipticalApertureLens,可擴(kuò)展掃描橢圓孔鏡頭）FRC（FrameRateControl,幀比率控制）LCD（liquidcrystaldisplay,液晶顯示屏）LCOS（LiquidCrystalOnSilicon,硅上液晶）LED（lightemittingdiode,光學(xué)二級(jí)管）L-SAGIC（LowPower-SmallApertureG1wihtImpregnatedCathode,低電壓光圈陰極管）LVDS（LowVoltageDifferentialSignal,低電壓差動(dòng)信號(hào)）MALS（MultiAstigmatismLensSystem,多重散光聚焦系7統(tǒng)）MDA（MonochromeAdapter,單色設(shè)備）MS（MagneticSensors,磁場(chǎng)感應(yīng)器）PorousTungsten（活性鴇）RSDS（ReducedSwingDifferentialSignal,小幅度擺動(dòng)差動(dòng)信號(hào)）ShadowMask（陰罩式）TDT（TimeingDetectionTable,數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)定表）TICRG（TungstenImpregnatedCathodeRayGun,鴿傳輸陰級(jí)射線槍）TFT（thinfilmtransistor,薄膜晶體管）VAGP（VariableAperatureGrillePitch,可變間距光柵）VBI（VerticalBlankingInterval,垂直空白間隙）VDT（VideoDisplayTerminals,視頻顯示終端）VRR（VerticalRefreshRate,垂直掃描頻率）4、視頻3D（ThreeDimensional,三維）3DS（3DSubSystem,三維子系統(tǒng)）AE（AtmosphericEffects,霧化效果）AFR（AlternateFrameRendering,交替渲染技術(shù)）AnisotropicFiltering（各向異性過濾）APPE（AdvancedPacketParsingEngine,增強(qiáng)形幀解析引擎）AV（AnalogVideo,模擬視頻）BackBuffer（后置緩沖）Backfaceculling（隱面消除）BattleforEyeballs（眼球大戰(zhàn)，各3D圖形芯片公司為了爭(zhēng)奪用戶而作的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）BilinearFiltering（雙線性過濾）CG（ComputerGraphics,計(jì)算機(jī)生成圖像）Clipping（剪貼紋理）ClockSynthesizer（時(shí)鐘合成器）8compressedtextures（壓縮紋理）ConcurrentCommandEngine（協(xié)作命令引擎）CenterProcessingUnitUtilization（中央處理器占用率）DAC（DigitaltoAnalogConverter,數(shù)模傳換器）Decal（印花法，用于生成一些半透明效果，如：鮮血飛濺的場(chǎng)面）DFP（DigitalFlatPanel,數(shù)字式平面顯示器）DFS:DynamicFlatShading（動(dòng)態(tài)平面描影,可用作加速）Dithering（抖動(dòng)）DirectionalLight（方向性光源）DME:DirectMemoryExecute（直接內(nèi)存執(zhí)行）DOF（DepthofField,多重境深）dottextureblending（點(diǎn)型紋理混和）DoubleBuffering（雙緩沖區(qū)）DIR（DirectRenderingInfrastructure,基層直接渲染）DVI（DigitalVideoInterface,數(shù)字視頻接口）DxR（DynamicXTendedResolution,動(dòng)態(tài)可擴(kuò)展分辨率）DXTC（DirectXTextureCompress,DirectX紋理壓縮，以S3TC為基礎(chǔ)）DynamicZ-buffering（動(dòng)態(tài)Z軸緩沖區(qū)），顯示物體遠(yuǎn)近，可用作遠(yuǎn)景E-DDC（EnhancedDisplayDataChannel,增強(qiáng)形視頻數(shù)據(jù)通道協(xié)議，定義了顯示輸出與主系統(tǒng)之間的通訊通道，能提高顯示輸出的畫面質(zhì)量）EdgeAnti-aliasing（邊緣抗鋸齒失真）E-EDID（EnhancedExtendedIdentificationData,增強(qiáng)形擴(kuò)充身份辨識(shí)數(shù)據(jù),定義了電腦通訊視頻主系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)格式）ExecuteBuffers（執(zhí)行緩沖區(qū)）environmentmappedbumpmapping（環(huán)境凹凸映射）ExtendedBurstTransactions（增強(qiáng)式突發(fā)處理）FrontBuffer（前置緩沖）Flat（平面描影）9FramesrateisKing（幀數(shù)為王）FSAA（FullSceneAnti-aliasing,全景抗鋸齒失真）Fog（霧化效果）flipdoublebuffered（反轉(zhuǎn)雙緩存）fogtablequality（霧化表畫質(zhì)）GART（GraphicAddressRemappngTable,圖形地址重繪表）GouraudShading（高洛德描影，也稱為內(nèi)插法均勻涂色）GPU（GraphicsProcessingUnit,圖形處理器）GTF（GeneralizedTimingFormula,一般程序時(shí)間，定義了產(chǎn)生畫面所需要的時(shí)間，包括了諸如畫面刷新率等）IIAL（HardwareAbstractionLayer,硬件抽像化層）hardwaremotioncompensation（硬件運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償）HDTV（highdefinitiontelevision,高清晰度電視）HEL:HardwareEmulationLayer（硬件模擬層）hightrianglecount（復(fù)雜三角形計(jì)數(shù)）ICD（InstallableClientDriver,可安裝客戶端驅(qū)動(dòng)程序）IDCT（InverseDiscreteCosineTransform,非連續(xù)反余弦變換，GeForce的DVD硬件強(qiáng)化技術(shù)）ImmediateMode（直接模式）IPPR（ImageProcessingandPatternRecognition,圖像處理和模式識(shí)別）largetextures（大型紋理）LF（LinearFiltering,線性過濾,即雙線性過濾）lighting（光源）LocalPeripheralBus（局域邊緣總線）mipmapping（MIP映射）Modulate（調(diào)制混合）MotionCompensation（動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償）motionblur（動(dòng)態(tài)模糊）MPPS（MillionPixelsPerSecond,百萬個(gè)像素/秒）Multi-ResolutionMesh（多重分辨率組合）MultiThreadedBusMaster（多重主控）Multitexture（多重紋理）10nerestMipmap（鄰近MIP映射，又叫點(diǎn)采樣技術(shù)）Overdraw（透支，全景渲染造成的浪費(fèi)）partialtexturedownloads（并行紋理傳輸）ParallelProcessingPerspectiveEngine（平行透視處理器）PC（PerspectiveCorrection,透視糾正）PGC（ParallelGraphicsConfiguration,并行圖像設(shè)置）pixel（P像素,屏幕上的像素點(diǎn)）pointlight（一般點(diǎn)光源）pointsampling（點(diǎn)采樣技術(shù)，又叫鄰近MIP映射）PrecisePixelInterpolation（精確像素插值）Proceduraltextures（可編程紋理）RAMDAC（RandomAccessMemoryDigitaltoAnalogConverter,隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器數(shù)/模轉(zhuǎn)換器）Reflectionmapping（反射貼圖）render（著色或渲染）S3（Sight、Sound、Speed,視頻、音頻、速度）S3TC（S3TextureCompress,S3紋理壓縮，僅支持S3顯卡）S3TL（S3Transformation&Lighting,S3多邊形轉(zhuǎn)換和光源處理）ScreenBuffer（屏幕緩沖）SDTV（StandardDefinitionTelevision,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰度電視）Shading（描影）SinglePassMulti-Texturing（單通道多紋理）SL1（ScanlineInterleave,掃描線間插,3Dfx的雙Voodoo2配合技術(shù)）SmartFilter（智能過濾）softshadows（柔和陰影）softreflections（柔和反射）spotlight（小型點(diǎn)光源）SRA（SymmetricRenderingArchitecture,對(duì)稱渲染架構(gòu)）StencilBuffers（模板緩沖）StreamProcessor（流線處理）11SuperScalerRendering（超標(biāo)量渲染）texel（T像素，紋理上的像素點(diǎn)）TextureFidelity（紋理真實(shí)性）textureswapping（紋理交換）T&L（TransformandLighting,多邊形轉(zhuǎn)換與光源處理）T-Buffer（T緩沖，3dfxVoodoo4的特效，包括全景反鋸齒Full-sceneAnti-Aliasing、動(dòng)態(tài)模糊MotionBlur>焦點(diǎn)模糊DepthofFieldBlur>柔和陰影SoftShadows>柔和反射SoftReflections）TCA（TwinCacheArchitecture,雙緩存結(jié)構(gòu)）Transparency（透明狀效果）Transformation（三角形轉(zhuǎn)換）TrilinearFiltering（三線性過濾）TextureModes（材質(zhì)模式）TMIPM（TrilinearMIPMapping,三次線性MIP材質(zhì)貼圖）UMA（UnifiedMemoryArchitecture,統(tǒng)一內(nèi)存架構(gòu)）VisualizeGeometryEngine（可視化幾何引擎）VerticalInterpolation（垂直調(diào)變）VIP（VideoInterfacePort,視頻接口）ViRGE（VideoandRenderingGraphicsEngine,視頻描寫圖形引擎）Voxel（Volumepixels,立體像素，Novalogic的技術(shù)）VQTC（Vector-QuantizationTextureCompression,向量紋理壓縮）VSIS（VideoSignalStandard,視頻信號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）v-sync（同步刷新）ZBuffer（Z緩存）5、音頻3DPA（3DPositionalAudio,3D定位音頻）AC（AudioCodec,音頻多媒體數(shù)字信號(hào)編解碼器）AuxiliaryInput（輔助輸入接口）CS（ChannelSeparation,聲道分離）12DS3D（DirectSound3DStreams）DSD（DirectStreamDigital,直接數(shù)字信號(hào)流）DSL（DownLoadableSample,可下載的取樣音色）DLS-2（DownloadableSoundsLevel2,第二代可下載音色）EAX（EnvironmentalAudioExtensions,環(huán)境音效擴(kuò)展技術(shù)）FM（FrequencyModulation,頻率調(diào)制）FR（FrequenceResponse,頻率響應(yīng)）FSE（FrequencyShifterEffect,頻率轉(zhuǎn)換效果）IIRTF（HeadRelatedTransferFunction,頭部關(guān)聯(lián)傳輸功能）IAS（InteractiveAround-Sound,交互式環(huán)繞聲）MIDI（MusicalInstrumentDigitalInterface,樂器數(shù)字接口）NDA（non-DWORD-aligned,非DWORD排列）RawPCM:RawPulseCodeModulated（元脈碼調(diào)制）RMA（RealMediaArchitecture,實(shí)媒體架構(gòu)）RTSP（RealTimeStreamingProtocol,實(shí)時(shí)流協(xié)議）SACD（SuperAudioCD,超級(jí)音樂CD）SNR（SignaltoNoiseRatio,信噪比）S/PDIF（Sony/PhillipsDigitalInterface,索尼/飛利普數(shù)字接口）SRS（SoundRetrievalSystem,聲音修復(fù)系統(tǒng)）SuperIntelligentSoundASIC（超級(jí)智能音頻集成電路）THD+N（TotalHarmonicDistortionplusNoise,總諧波失真加噪音）QEM（QSoundEnvironmentalModeling,QSound環(huán)境建模）WG（WaveGuide,波導(dǎo)合成）WT（WaveTable,波表合成）6、RAM&ROMABP（AddressBitPermuting,地址位序列改變）ATC（AccessTimefromClock,時(shí)鐘存取時(shí)間）13BSRAM（BurstpipelinedsynchronousstaticRAM,突發(fā)式管道同步靜態(tài)存儲(chǔ)器）CAS（ColumnAddressStrobe,列地址控制器）CCT（ClockCycleTime,時(shí)鐘周期）DB（DeepBuffer,深度緩沖）DDRSDRAM（DoubleDateRate,雙數(shù)據(jù)率SDRAM）DIL（dual-in-line）DIMM（DualIn-lineMemoryModules,雙重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊）DRAM（DynamicRandomAccessMemory,動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器）DRDRAM（DirectRAMbusDRAM,直接RAMbus內(nèi)存）ECC（ErrorCheckingandCorrection,錯(cuò)誤檢查修正）EEPROM（ElectricallyErasableProgrammableROM,電擦寫可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器）FM（FlashMemory,快閃存儲(chǔ)器）FMDROM（FluorescentMaterialReadOnlyMemory,熒光質(zhì)只讀存儲(chǔ)器）PIROM（ProcessorInformationROM,處理器信息ROM）PLEDM（Phase-stateLowElectron（hole）-numberDriveMemory）RAC（RambusAsicCell,Rambus集成電路單元）RAS（RowAddressStrobe,行地址控制器）RDRAM（RambusDirectRAM,直接型RambusRAM）DIMM（RAMBUSIn-lineMemoryModules,RAMBUS內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊）SDRSDRAM（SingleDateRate,單數(shù)據(jù)率SDRAM）SGRAM（synchronousgraphicsRAM,同步圖形隨機(jī)儲(chǔ)存器）SO-DIMM（Smal1OutlineDualIn-lineMemoryModules,小型雙重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊）SPD（SerialPresenceDetect,串行存在檢查）SRAM（StaticRandomAccessMemory,靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器）SSTL-2（StubSeriesTerminatedLogic-2）TSOPs（thinsmalloutlinepackages,超小型封裝）14USWV（Uncacheable,Speculative,Write-Combining非緩沖隨機(jī)混合寫入）VCMA（VirtualChannelMemoryarchitecture,虛擬通道內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)）7、磁盤AAT（Averageaccesstime,平均存取時(shí)間）ABS（AutoBalanceSystem,自動(dòng)平衡系統(tǒng)）ASMO（AdvancedStorageMagneto-Optical,增強(qiáng)形光學(xué)存儲(chǔ)器）AST（AverageSeektime,平均尋道時(shí)間）ATA（ATAttachment,AT擴(kuò)展型）ATOMM（AdvancedsuperThin-layerandhigh-OutputMetalMedia,增強(qiáng)形超薄高速金屬媒體）bps（bitpersecond,位/秒）CSS（CommonCommandSet,通用指令集）DMA（DirectMemoryAccess,直接內(nèi)存存?。〥VD（DigitalVideoDisk,數(shù)字視頻光盤）EIDE（enhancedIntegratedDriveElectronics,增強(qiáng)形電子集成驅(qū)動(dòng)器）FAT（FileAllocationTables,文件分配表）FDBM（Fluiddynamicbearingmotors,液態(tài)軸承馬達(dá)）FDC（FloppyDiskController,軟盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器控制裝置）FDD（FloppyDiskDriver,軟盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器）GMR（giantmagnetoresistive,巨型磁阻）HDA（headdiskassembly,磁頭集合）HiFD（high-capacityfloppydisk,高容量軟盤）IDE（IntegratedDriveElectronics,電子集成驅(qū)動(dòng)器）LBA（LogicalBlockAddressing,邏輯塊尋址）MBR（MasterBootRecord,主引導(dǎo)記錄）MTBF（MeanTimeBeforeFailure,平均故障時(shí)間）PIO（ProgrammedInputOutput,可編程輸入輸出模式）PRML（PartialResponseMaximumLikelihood,最大可能15部分反應(yīng)，用于提高磁盤讀寫傳輸率）RPM（RotationPerMinute,轉(zhuǎn)/分）RSD（RemovableStorageDevice,移動(dòng)式存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備）SCSI（SmallComputerSystemInterface,小型計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)接口）SCMA（SCSIConfiguredAutoMagically,SCSI自動(dòng)配置）S.M.A.R.T.（SelfMonitoring,AnalysisandReportingTechnology,自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)、分析和報(bào)告技術(shù)）SPS（ShockProtectionSystem,抗震保護(hù)系統(tǒng)）UltraDMA（UltraDirectMemoryAccess,超高速直接內(nèi)存存?。㎜VD（LowVoltageDifferential）Seagate硬盤技術(shù)DiscWizard（磁盤控制軟件）DST（DriveSelfTest,磁盤自檢程序）SeaShield（防靜電防撞擊外殼）8、光驅(qū)ATAPI（ATAttachmentPacketInterface）BCF（BootCatalogFile,啟動(dòng)目錄文件）BIF（BootImageFile,啟動(dòng)映像文件）CDR（CDRecordable,可記錄光盤）CD-ROM/XA（CD-ROMextendedArchitecture,唯讀光盤增強(qiáng)形架構(gòu)）CDRW（CD-Rewritable,可重復(fù)刻錄光盤）CLV（ConstantLinearVelocity,恒定線速度）DAE（digitalAudioExtraction,數(shù)據(jù)音頻抓?。〥DSS（DoubleDynamicSuspensionSystem,雙懸浮動(dòng)態(tài)減震系統(tǒng)）DDSSII（DoubleDynamicSuspensionSystemII,第二代雙層動(dòng)力懸吊系統(tǒng)）PCAV（PartConstantAngularVelocity,部分恒定角速度）VCD（VideoCD,視頻CD）169、打印機(jī)AAS（AutomaticAreaSeagment?）dpi（dotperinch,每英寸的打印像素）ECP（ExtendedCapabilitiesPort,延長(zhǎng)能力端口）EPP（EnhancedParallelPort,增強(qiáng)形平行接口）IPP（InternetPrintingProtocol,因特網(wǎng)打印協(xié)議）ppm（paperperminute,頁/分）SPP（StandardParallelPort,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并行口）TET（TextEnhancedTechnology,文本增強(qiáng)技術(shù)）USBDCDPD（UniversalSerialBusDeviceClassDefinitionforPrintingDevices,打印設(shè)備的通用串行總線級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）VD（VariableDot,變點(diǎn)式列?。?0、掃描儀TWAIN（ToolkitWithoutAnInterestingName,協(xié)議）11、計(jì)算機(jī)公司Ali（AcerLab,宏基實(shí)驗(yàn)室）ASF（AppliedScienceFiction,?）AMD:AdvancedMicroDevice（超微半導(dǎo)體）AMI（AmericanMegatrendsIncorporated,?）EAR（ExtremeAudioReality,?）HP（Hewlett-Packard,美國(guó)惠普公司）IBM（InternationalBusinessMachine,國(guó)際商業(yè)機(jī)器）IDG（InternationalDataGroup,國(guó)際數(shù)據(jù)集團(tuán)）IMS（InternationalMetaSystem,?）MLE（MicrosoftLearningandEntertainment,微軟教學(xué)與娛樂公司）MS（Microsoft,微軟）NAI（NetworkAssociatesIncorporation,前身為McAfee）NS（NationalSemiconductor,國(guó)家半導(dǎo)體）PM1（PacificMagtronInternational）17SCE（sonycomputerentertainment,索尼計(jì)算機(jī)娛樂部）SGI（SiliconGraphics,?）SiS（SiliconIntegratedSystems,硅片綜合系統(tǒng)公司）UMC（UnitedMicroelectronicsCorporation,臺(tái)灣聯(lián)華電子公司，半導(dǎo)體制造商）WD（WesternDigital,西部數(shù)據(jù)）ZD（Ziff-Davis出版公司）12、組織CBF（CableBroadbandForum,電纜寬帶論壇）CEMA（ConsumerElectronicsManufacturingAssociation,消費(fèi)者電子制造業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)）CPE（CustomerPremiseEquipment,用戶預(yù)定設(shè)備）CSA（CanadianStandardsAssociation,加拿大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)）DCA（DefenseCommunicationAgency,國(guó)防部通信局）DOJ（DepartmentofJustice,反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)部門）DSP（DeliveryServicePartner,交付服務(wù)合伙人）DVB（DigitalVideoBroadcasting,數(shù)字視頻廣播）E3（ElectronicEntertainmentExpo,電子娛樂展覽會(huì)）EFF:ElectronicFrontierFoundation（電子前線基金會(huì)）EPA（EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)局）FCC（FederalCommunicationsCommission,聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)）FTC（FederalTradeCommission,聯(lián)邦商業(yè)委員會(huì)）GDC（GameDeveloperConference,游戲發(fā)展商會(huì)議）ISSCC（InternationalSolid-StateCircuitsConference,國(guó)際晶體管電路討論會(huì)）ICSA（InternationalComputerSecurityAssociation,國(guó)際計(jì)算機(jī)安全協(xié)會(huì),它的前身為NCSA（NationalComputerSecurityAssociation,國(guó)家計(jì)算機(jī)安全協(xié)會(huì)）IEEE（InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,電子電路工程師協(xié)會(huì)）IFWP（InternationalForumWhitePaper,國(guó)際白皮書論18壇）ISO/MPEG（InternationalStandardOrganization,sMovingPictureExpertGroup,國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織的活動(dòng)圖片專家組）1TAA（InformationTechnologyAssociationofAmerican,美國(guó)信息技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)）MAC（MobileAdvisoryCouncil,?）MCSP（MicrosoftCertifiedSolutionProviders,微軟認(rèn)證解決方案供應(yīng)商）MJPEG（MotionJointPhotographicExpertsGroup,移動(dòng)式連續(xù)圖像專家組）MMA（MIDIManufacturerAssociation,MIDI制造商聯(lián)盟）NCTA（NationalCableTelevisionAssociation,美國(guó)電纜電視協(xié)會(huì)）NIA（NetworkingInteroperatilityAlliance,網(wǎng)絡(luò)互操作聯(lián)盟）NBITD（NationalBoardforIndustrualandTechnicalDevelopment,瑞典國(guó)立工業(yè)和技術(shù)發(fā)展委員會(huì)制訂）OAAF（OpenArcadeArchitectureForum,開放式Arcade體系論壇）OEM（OriginalEquipmentManufacturer,原始設(shè)備制造商）OIF（OpticalInternetworkingForum,光纖互連網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇）RIAA（RecordingIndustryAssociationofAmerica,美國(guó)唱片工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)）RIO（RedistributedInternetObject,因特網(wǎng)分配組織）SIA（TheSemiconductorIndustriesAssociation,半導(dǎo)體工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)）SPA（SoftwarePublishersAssociation,軟件出版商協(xié)會(huì)）TSOWU（TheSwedishofficeworker*sunion,瑞典辦公人員聯(lián)合會(huì)，以制訂TCO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)著稱）UAWG（UniversalADSLWorkingGroup,通用ADSL工作組）UCAID（UniversityCorporationforAdvancedInternetDevelopment,?）UL（UnderwritersLaboratoriesInc.,新產(chǎn)品承諾實(shí)驗(yàn)室）19VAR（ValueAddedResellers,增值分銷商）W3C（WorldWideWebConsortium,萬維網(wǎng)協(xié)會(huì)）WHQL（MicrosoftWindowsHardwareQualityLab,微軟公司視窗硬件質(zhì)量實(shí)驗(yàn)室）WinHEC（WindowsHardwareEngineeringConference,視窗硬件工程會(huì)議13、編程API（ApplicationProgrammingInterfaces,應(yīng)用程序接口）ASCII（AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange,美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信息交換代碼）ATL（ActiveXTemplateLibrary,ActiveX模板庫）BASIC（Beginner，sAll-purposeSymbolicInstructionCode,初學(xué)者通用指令代碼）COM（ComponentObjectModel,組件對(duì)象模式）DNA（DistributedInternetApplication,分布式因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用程序）MFC（MicrosoftFoundationClasses,微軟基礎(chǔ)類庫）SDK（SoftwareDevelopmentKit,軟件開發(fā)工具包）14、WindowsCE（ConsumerElectronics,消費(fèi)電子）DCOM（DistributingComponentObjectModel,構(gòu)造物體模塊）DHCP（DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol,動(dòng)態(tài)主機(jī)分配協(xié)議）DMF（DistributionMediaFormat,?）GDI（GraphicsDeviceInterface,圖形設(shè)備接口）GUI（GraphicsUserInterface,圖形用戶界面）GPF（Generalprotectfault,一般保護(hù)性錯(cuò)誤）HTA（HyperTextApplication,超文本應(yīng)用程序）INFFile（InformationFile,信息文件）20INIFile（InitializationFile,初始化文件）NDIS（NetworkDriverInterfaceSpecification,網(wǎng)絡(luò)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序接口規(guī)范）NT（NewTechnology,新技術(shù)）Qos（QualityofService,服務(wù)質(zhì)量）RRVP（ResourceReservationProtocol,資源保留協(xié)議）RTOS（RealTimeOperatingSystems,實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)）SBFS（SimpleBootFlagSpecification,簡(jiǎn)單引導(dǎo)標(biāo)記規(guī)范）VEFAT（VirtualFileAllocationTable,虛擬文件分配表）VxD（Virtualdevicedrivers,虛擬設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序）WDM（WindowsDriverModel,視窗驅(qū)動(dòng)程序模塊）Winsock（WindowsSocket,視窗套接口）WHQL（WindowsHardwareQualityLabs,Windows硬件質(zhì)量實(shí)驗(yàn)室）WHS（WindowsScriptingHost,視窗腳本程序）ZAM（ZeroAdministrationforWindows,零管理視窗系統(tǒng)）15、加密ECC（EllipticCurveCrypto,橢圓曲線加密）SET（SecureElectronicTransaction,安全電子交易）16、語言CSS（CascadingStyleSheets,層疊格式表）DCD（DocumentContentDescriptionforXML:XML文件內(nèi)容描述）DTD（DocumentTypeDefinition,文件類型定義）HTML（HyperTextMarkupLanguage,超文本標(biāo)記語言）JVM（JavaVirtualMachine,Java虛擬機(jī)）OJI（OpenJavaVMInterface,開放JAVA虛擬機(jī)接口）SGML（StandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通用標(biāo)記語言）SMIL（SynchronousMultimediaIntegrateLanguage,同21步多媒體集成語言）VRML（VirtualRealityMakeupLanguage,虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)化語言）VXML（VoiceextensibleMarkupLanguage,語音擴(kuò)展標(biāo)記語言）XML（ExtensibleMarkupLanguage,可擴(kuò)展標(biāo)記語言）XSL（ExtensibleStyleSheetLanguage,可擴(kuò)展設(shè)計(jì)語言）17、網(wǎng)絡(luò)ADSL（AsymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine,不對(duì)稱數(shù)字訂閱線路）AH（AuthenticationHeader,鑒定文件頭）AMR（Audio/ModemRiser,音效/數(shù)據(jù)主機(jī)板附加直立插卡）ARP（AddressResolutionProtocol,地址解析協(xié)議）ATM（AsynchronousTransferMode,異步傳輸模式）BOD（BandwidthOnDemand,彈性帶寬運(yùn)用）CBR（CommittedBurstRate,約定突發(fā)速率）CCIRN（CoordinatingCommitteeforIntercontinentalResearchNetworking,洲際研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)調(diào)委員會(huì)）CCM（CallControlManager,撥號(hào)控制管理）CDSL（ConsumerDigitalSubscriberLine,消費(fèi)者數(shù)字訂閱線路）CGI（CommonGatewayInterface,通用網(wǎng)關(guān)接口）CIEA（CommercialInternetExchangeAssociation,商業(yè)因特網(wǎng)交易協(xié)會(huì)）CIR（CommittedInfomationRate,約定信息速率）CTS（CleartoSend,清除發(fā)送）DBS-PC（DirectBroadcastSatellitePC,人造衛(wèi)星直接廣播式PC）DCE（DataCircuitTerminalEquipment,數(shù)據(jù)通信設(shè)備）DES（DataEncryptionStandard,數(shù)據(jù)加密標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）DMT（DiscreteMulti-Tone,不連續(xù)多基頻模式）DNS（DomainNameSystem,域名系統(tǒng)）22DOCSIS（DataOverCableServiceInterfaceSpecifications,線纜服務(wù)接口數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)格）DTE（DataTerminalEquipment,數(shù)據(jù)終端設(shè)備）EBR（ExcessBurstRate,超額突發(fā)速率）ESP（EncapsulatingSecurityPayload,壓縮安全有效載荷）FDM（FrequencyDivisionMulti,頻率分離）FRICC（FederalResearchInternetCoordinatingCommittee,聯(lián)邦調(diào)查因特網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)委員會(huì)）FTP（FileTransferProtocol,文件傳輸協(xié)議）Ghost（GeneralHardwareOrientedSystemTransfer,全面硬件導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)移）HDSL（HighbitrateDSL,高比特率數(shù)字訂閱線路）HTTP（HyperTextTransferProtocol,超文本傳輸協(xié)議）ICMP（InternetControlMessageProtocol,因特網(wǎng)信息控制協(xié)議）IETF（InternetEngineeringTaskFramework,因特網(wǎng)工程任務(wù)組）IKE（InternetKeyExchange,因特網(wǎng)密鑰交換協(xié)議）IMAP4（InternetMessageAccessProtocolVersion4,第四版因特網(wǎng)信息存取協(xié)議）Internet（因特網(wǎng)）IP（InternetProtocol,網(wǎng)際協(xié)議）ISDN（IntegratedServiceDigitalNetwork,綜合服務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)）1SOC（InternetSociety,因特網(wǎng)協(xié)會(huì)）ISP（InternetServiceProvider,因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商）LAN（LocalAreaNetwork,局域網(wǎng)）LDAP（LightweightDirectoryAccessProtocol,輕權(quán)目錄訪問協(xié)議）LOM（LAN-or）-Montherboard）IAB（InternetActivitiesBoard,因特網(wǎng)工作委員會(huì)）IETF（InternetEngineeringTaskForce,因特網(wǎng)工程作23業(yè)推動(dòng)）L2TP（Layer2TunnelingProtocol,二級(jí)通道協(xié)議）LMDS（LocalMultipointDistributedSystem,局域多點(diǎn)分布式系統(tǒng)）MIME（MultipurposeInternetMailExtension,多用途因特網(wǎng)郵件擴(kuò)展協(xié)議）MNP（MicrocomNetworkingProtocal）MODEM（ModulatorDemodulator,調(diào)制解調(diào)器）NAT（NetworkAddressTranslation,網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換）NC（NetworkComputer,網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)）NDS（NovellDirectoryService,Novell目錄月艮務(wù)）NNTP（NetworkNewsTransferProtocol,網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳輸協(xié)議）MSN（MicrosoftNetwork,微軟網(wǎng)絡(luò)）OFDM（orthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing,直角頻率部分多路復(fù)用）P3P（PrivacyPreferenceProject,個(gè)人私隱安全平臺(tái)）PDS（PublicDirectorySupport,公眾目錄支持）PGP（PrettyGoodPrivacy,優(yōu)良保密協(xié)議）PICS（PlatformforInternetContentSelection,因特網(wǎng)內(nèi)容選擇平臺(tái)）POF（PolymerOpticalFiber,聚合體光纖）POP3（PostOfficeProtocolVersion3,第三版電子郵局協(xié)議）PPTP（PointtoPointTunnelingProtocol,點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)通道協(xié)議）RADSL（RateAdaptiveDSL,速率自適應(yīng)數(shù)字訂閱線路）RARP（ReverseAddressResolutionProtocol,反向地址解析協(xié)議）RDF（ResourceDescriptionFramework,資源描述框架）RSA（RivestShamirAdiemen,一種因特網(wǎng)加密和認(rèn)證體系）RTS（RequestToSend,需求發(fā)送）SIS（SwitchedInternetworkingServices,交換式網(wǎng)絡(luò)互24聯(lián)服務(wù)）S/MIME（SecureMIME,安全多用途因特網(wǎng)郵件擴(kuò)展協(xié)議）SNMP（SimpleNetworkManagementProtocol,簡(jiǎn)單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議）SMTP（SimpleMailTransferProtocol,簡(jiǎn)單郵件傳輸協(xié)議）SKIP（SimpleKeyExchangeInternetProtocol,因特網(wǎng)簡(jiǎn)單密鑰交換協(xié)議）SUA（SingleUserAccount,單用戶帳號(hào)）TCP（TransmissionControlProtocol,傳輸控制協(xié)議）UDP（UserDatagramProtocol,用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議）ULS（UserLocationService,用戶定位服務(wù)）VOD（VideoOnDemand,視頻點(diǎn)播）VPN（virtualprivatenetwork,虛擬局域網(wǎng)）WWW（WorldWideWeb,萬維網(wǎng)，是因特網(wǎng)的一部分）18、通信CT1（ComputerTelephoneIntegration,計(jì)算機(jī)電話綜合技術(shù)）DBS（DirectBroadcastSatellite,直接衛(wèi)星廣播）DWDM（DenseWaveLengthDivisionMultiplex,波長(zhǎng)密集型復(fù)用技術(shù)）MMDS（MultichannelMultipointDistributionService,多波段多點(diǎn)分發(fā)服務(wù)）PCM（PulseCodeModulation,脈沖編碼調(diào)制）PSTN（PublicSwitchedTelephoneNetwork,公用交換式電話網(wǎng)）TAPI（TelephonyApplicationProgrammingInterface,電話應(yīng)用程序接口）TSAPI（TelephonyServicesApplicationProgrammingInterface,電話服務(wù)應(yīng)用程序接口）WDM（WavelengthDivisionMultiplex,波分多路復(fù)用）2519、游戲ACT（Action,動(dòng)作類游戲）ARPG（ActionRolePlayGames,動(dòng)作角色扮演游戲）AVG（AdventureGenre,冒險(xiǎn)類游戲）DAN（Dance,跳舞類游戲,包括跳舞機(jī)、吉它機(jī)、打鼓機(jī)等）DC（Dreamcast,世嘉64位游戲機(jī)）ETC（etc,其它類游戲，包括模擬飛行）FFJ（ForceFeedbackJoystick,力量反匱式操縱桿）FPP（FirstPersonGame,第一人稱游戲）FTG（FightingGame,格斗類游戲）GB（GameBoy,任天堂4位手提游戲機(jī)）GBC（GameBoyColor,任天堂手提16色游戲機(jī)）GG（GameGear,世嘉彩色手提游戲機(jī)）FC（Famicom,任天堂8位游戲機(jī)）fps（framespersecond,幀/秒）FR（FramesRate,游戲運(yùn)行幀數(shù)）MAC（Macintosh,蘋果電腦）N64（Nintendo64,任天堂64位游戲機(jī)）SFC（SuperFamicom,超級(jí)任天堂16位游戲機(jī)）SLG（SimulationGame,模擬類游戲）SPG（SportsGames,運(yùn)動(dòng)類游戲）SRPG（StrategiesRolePlayGames,戰(zhàn)略角色扮演游戲）STG（ShootGame,射擊類游戲）SS（SegaSaturn,世嘉土星32位游戲機(jī)）PC（PersonalComputer,個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)）PS（PlayStation,索尼32位游戲機(jī)）PS（PocketStation,索尼手提游戲機(jī)）RAC（race,賽車類游戲）RTS（RealTimeStrategies,實(shí)時(shí)戰(zhàn)略）RPG（RolePlayGames,角色扮演游戲）TAB（TableChess,桌棋類游戲）20、服務(wù)器26C2C（card-to-cardinterleaving,卡到卡交錯(cuò)存?。ヽc-NUMA（cache-coherentnonuniformmemoryaccess,連貫緩沖非統(tǒng)一內(nèi)存尋址）CHRP（Comm