考研考博-英語-商丘職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-商丘職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

問題1選項

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：偵探看著嫌疑犯下了出租車，走進(jìn)了街角的一家旅館。本句謂語動詞是watchedandsaw，橫線處是非謂語動詞，在這里指“看見他下出租車和進(jìn)旅館”的整個過程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做（瞬間）”，watch/seesb.dosth.“看見某人做了某事（全過程）”，C選項getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Thepooroldmanwas（

）withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

問題1選項

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。suffer“遭受”；afflict“折磨”；induce“誘導(dǎo)”；infect“感染”。句意：這為可憐的老人患有糖尿病，如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)闹委煟蜁适б暳?，很快就會殘廢。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism

(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:

BenefitstoResidents

(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.

BenefitstoBusinesses

(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.

(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.

BenefitstoMunicipalities

(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.

(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.

(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.

(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.

(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.

(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.

1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson（）.

問題1選項

A.suitableforbicycling

B.suitableforwalking

C.designedforpedals

D.designedforscooters

問題2選項

A.theexpansionofurbanareas

B.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildings

C.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironment

D.theenvironmentalpreservation

問題3選項

A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.

B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.

C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.

D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.

問題4選項

A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.

B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.

C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.

D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.

問題5選項

A.thereductionoffactories

B.thesprawlofthecity

C.thelesseningoftrafficjams

D.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說明pedestrianstreet是對行人友好的社區(qū)。因此B選項“適合行走”正確。A選項“適合騎自行車”，C選項“為腳踏車設(shè)計”和D選項“為小型摩托車設(shè)計”都不是指步行，所以A，C，D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.（它是一場改革建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計的國際運動，是通過創(chuàng)造更好的居住場所來提高我們的生活質(zhì)量和生活水平。），說明新城市主義強調(diào)對居住環(huán)境的改善。因此C選項“改善建筑環(huán)境”正確。A選項“城市地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張”，B選項“新建筑的藝術(shù)裝飾”和D選項“環(huán)境保護(hù)”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“residents”可以定位到文章第二段，healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress（更健康的生活方式，更多的步行和更少的壓力）說明新城市主義對居民健康生活方式的好處；pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人）說明了新城市主義注重人的步行友好性；morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem（讓孩子、老人和窮人有更多的自由和獨立，他們有能力去工作、娛樂和服務(wù)，而不需要搭乘汽車或別人給他們開車）說明了新城市主義為居民帶來了更多的自由。因此D選項“適合步行，更健康的生活方式和更多的自由。”最能概括新城市主義為居民帶來的好處。A選項“城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊，生活的便利和經(jīng)濟(jì)”中城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊是對城市的好處，所以A錯誤。B選項“更好的人際關(guān)系和更友好的城市”，C選項“方便的購物和更多的服務(wù)，減少巴士費用”都只是對居民帶來好處的一部分，不能完整概括新城市主義為居民帶來的好處，所以B，C錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“railwaysystems”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment.（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是更多的道路——如果設(shè)計與區(qū)域土地規(guī)劃相協(xié)調(diào)，就會產(chǎn)生最好的效果。），說明新城市主義注重于新的鐵路系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃。因此B選項“新城市主義用新的鐵路系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)交通。”正確。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“moreroads”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresults（規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是修建更多的公路能帶來最好的結(jié)果），說明新城市主義不主張修建更多的公路。因此A選項“新城市主義喜歡設(shè)計更多的道路，以方便交通。”不符合原文。由C選項關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人），說明新城市主義者注重行人友好性。因此C選項“新城市主義規(guī)劃師反對行人友好的設(shè)計?！辈环显?。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“infilldevelopment”可以定位到第七段最后一句Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.（與此同時，城市地區(qū)的振興引導(dǎo)和鼓勵對城市中心的填充式開發(fā)。），說明新城市主義者是支持“infilldevelopment”的。因此D選項“新城市主義規(guī)劃師不支持填充開發(fā)?！辈环显摹?/p>

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“environment”可以定位到第八段第一句Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.（緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃，而不是讓它向外擴(kuò)張，有可能極大地提高環(huán)境質(zhì)量。），說明為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，新城市主義強調(diào)的是緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃。因此D選項“城市區(qū)域的緊湊發(fā)展”正確。A選項“工廠的減少”，B選項“城市的擴(kuò)張”和C選項“交通堵塞的減輕”都和保護(hù)環(huán)境無關(guān)，所以A，B，C錯誤。

4.單選題

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

問題2選項

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

問題3選項

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

問題4選項

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

問題5選項

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一個認(rèn)識到勞動分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢的人。選項C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，勞動分工增加了每個工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量，所以選項B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有進(jìn)行分工，沒有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針，甚至連一枚都做不成，而通過分工合作，相當(dāng)于每個工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針，作者是想通過這一數(shù)字來說明分工的優(yōu)勢。選項A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，勞動分工本質(zhì)上對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和發(fā)展負(fù)責(zé)。選項C符合原文。

5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是勞動分工，重點不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論，所以選項C最能概括全文。

5.單選題

Thisweektentopdesignerswill（

）theirautumncollectionsatthefashionfair.

問題1選項

A.enhance

B.lubricate

C.hustle

D.unveil

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。enhance提高，增加；lubricate加潤滑油，使?jié)櫥籬ustle推搡，硬擠；unveil揭去…的面罩。句意：這周十位頂級設(shè)計師將在時尚展上揭開她們秋季作品的面紗。D項符合句意，答案D

6.單選題

ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwellbutifyou（）,youwillsucceedintheend.

問題1選項

A.hangup

B.hangabout

C.hangon

D.hangonto

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。選項A：hangup“掛斷電話，擱置”;選項B：hangabout“徘徊，閑蕩”;選項C:hangon“堅持下去，不掛斷，握住不放”;選項C：hangonto“依附，繼續(xù)保留，緊緊抓住”。句意：學(xué)好英語并不容易，但如果你堅持下去，你最終會成功的。根據(jù)句意可知，選項C更符合題意，正確。

7.單選題

Thequestionofethicsinthelegalprofessionisonethathasplaguedtheindustrysinceitsinception.Thecommonimageofanattorneyisonewhowillresorttoanyunethicaltrickto（1）thelawstofithispurposes.Inthemorespecificindustryofcriminallaw,defenseattorneysareoftencriticizedforadvocating（2）defendantswhoare“obviouslyguilty,”thusbecomingroadblocksonthepathto（3）.Muchtothecontrary,（4）,defenseattorneysprovideavaluableservicethatshouldearnthempraise,notscorn.

Whileitistruethateverylawyerwilldoeverything（5）tointerpretthelawsinthemannermostbeneficialtohisclient,suchacharacterizationis（6）limitedtodefenseattorneys.Theprosecutorwilldothesamething,employingallhislegalknowledgeandknow-howtoestablishtheguiltofthedefendant.（7）,thevaguenatureofthelawishighlighted,anditbecomesavirtualnecessityforeachsidetouseeverytool（8）,ontheassumptionthattheothersidewillalsouseeverytoolathis.Thenetresultemergesasapositive,（9）thetricksoftheopposingattorneycanceloneanotherout,leavingonlythetruth,clearerand（10）manipulation,（11）thejury’sconsideration.

Further,thedefenseattorneyisavitalelementoftheAmericanjudicialsystem,（12）withouthimthedefendantwouldstandnochancewhatsoever.Undertheconstitution,eventhemost“obviousguilty”defendants（13）therighttoafairtrial,involvingsomeoneableandwillingtoadvocateonhisbehalf.Ofcourse,therearebadapplesintheindustrywhoare（14）andcarenothingforactualjustice,and（15）onlyconcernsaretheirwallets.Generallyspeaking,however,without（16）,thesystemwouldcrumbleintoameremachineinwhichdefendantsareassumedguilty,withoutachancetoargueorprove（17）,andmanyinnocentpeople（18）withcrimeswouldbeseverelypunishedfortransgressionsthattheydidn’tcommit.

ItisabasicfactthattheadversarialsystemofjusticeintheUnitedStatesisnecessaryinordertoensure（19）andmostunbiasedpresentationandevaluationofthefactspossible.Withoutdefenseattorneys,thatsystemcannotbecarriedout,and（20）alossofthecivillibertiesthatthenationenjoysandtreasures.Tothatend,allofthosewhomakethatprocessareality,includingdefenseattorneys,deserveoursupportandadmiration,notoursuspicionanddisdain.

問題1選項

A.obey

B.break

C.twist

D.adopt

問題2選項

A.atbehalfof

B.atthebehalfof

C.onbehalfof

D.onthebehalfof

問題3選項

A.civilliberties

B.justice

C.transgression

D.ethics

問題4選項

A.thus

B.furthermore

C.moreover

D.however

問題5選項

A.beyondhispower

B.inpower

C.athispower

D.withinhispower

問題6選項

A.bynomeans

B.byanymeans

C.byallmeans

D.bywhatmeans

問題7選項

A.Inonerespect

B.Inthisrespect

C.Insomerespects

D.Innorespect

問題8選項

A.attheirdisposal

B.attheirdisposals

C.athisdisposal

D.athisdisposals

問題9選項

A.atwhich

B.onwhich

C.inwhich

D.forwhich

問題10選項

A.fullof

B.fullwith

C.devoidof

D.devoidfrom

問題11選項

A.presentingfor

B.presentedfor

C.presentingto

D.presentedto

問題12選項

A.inthat

B.forthat

C.inwhich

D.forwhich

問題13選項

A.willguarantee

B.guarantee

C.willbeguaranteed

D.areguaranteed

問題14選項

A.ethical

B.unethical

C.guilty

D.unbiased

問題15選項

A.what

B.who

C.whose

D.where

問題16選項

A.defenseattorneys

B.prosecutors

C.theconstitution

D.defendants

問題17選項

A.further

B.nevertheless

C.otherwise

D.though

問題18選項

A.arefalselycharged

B.werefalselycharged

C.beingfalselycharged

D.falselycharged

問題19選項

A.afair

B.afairer

C.thefairest

D.thefair

問題20選項

A.willresultin

B.wouldresultin

C.willresultat

D.wouldresultat

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】（1）動詞詞義辨析。obey“服從”；break“打破”；twist“扭曲”；adopt“采取”。句意：律師給人的普遍印象是，不惜使用任何不道德違背法律的手段去達(dá)到自己的目的。選項C符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。onbehalfof“代表，為了”，為固定搭配。沒有A、C、D搭配，可排除。句意：辯護(hù)律師經(jīng)常因為代表“明顯有罪”的被告進(jìn)行辯護(hù)而受到批評。選項C符合題意。

（3）邏輯關(guān)系。civilliberties“公民自由”；justice“公平，正義”；transgression“海侵，犯罪”；ethics“倫理學(xué)”。通過關(guān)鍵詞“thusbecomingroadblocks”，可知律師這樣的做法在公平正義的道路上成為了一種障礙，所以空格中應(yīng)該填入正義。選項B符合題意。

（4）邏輯關(guān)系。thus“因此”；furthermore“此外，而且”；moreover“而且”；however“然而”。根據(jù)空格前的tothecontrary可知，下文提到的內(nèi)容將與前文相反，構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞however，選項D符合題意。

（5）固定搭配。beyondhispower“超出其權(quán)力”；inpower“執(zhí)政，掌權(quán)”；沒有athispower這種搭配，選項C可排除。withinhispower“在權(quán)力范圍之內(nèi)”。句意：然而，事實是每個律師都會盡一切努力在自己的權(quán)力范圍內(nèi)以對他的當(dāng)事人最有利的方式來闡述法律。選項D符合題意。

（6）固定搭配。bynomeans“決不”；byanymeans“無論如何”；byallmeans“盡一切辦法”；bywhatmeans“用什么辦法”。句意：這樣的特征決不僅限于辯護(hù)律師，而是符合所有律師。選項A符合題意。

（7）固定搭配。Inonerespect“在某個方面”；Inthisrespect“在這方面”；Insomerespects“在一些方面”；Innorespect“毫不，完全不”。句意：檢察官也會這樣做，利用自己所知道的法律知識來判定被告有罪。在這個方面，法律的不明確性得到了強調(diào)。選項B符合題意。

（8）語法題。根據(jù)上文“anditbecomesavirtualnecessityforeachsidetouseeverytool”，可知每一方都必須使用每一種工具。所以是指公訴人和律師兩方，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)their。根據(jù)固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”，可知disposal用單數(shù)。選項A符合題意。

（9）語法題。根據(jù)題意，空格引導(dǎo)的句子為非限制性定語從句，因為inthisresult“在這種結(jié)果下”，所以用inwhich引導(dǎo)，在定語從句中作狀語。句意：在這種結(jié)果下，對方律師的詭計互相抵消，只留下真相。選項C符合題意。

（10）固定搭配。fullof“充滿”；devoidof“缺乏”，沒有B和D項搭配，可排除。句意：只留下真相，更清晰并且不可操控。選項C符合題意。

（11）固定搭配和語法。presentfor“遞交給……”；presentto“贈送，給予”。根據(jù)文章thejury’sconsideration，最終結(jié)果要求陪審團(tuán)共同考慮，所以證據(jù)要被遞交給陪審團(tuán)考慮，要用動詞的-ed分詞，選項B符合題意。

（12）邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂耙痪涮岬奖桓孓q護(hù)人是美國司法體系最重要的一個部分，空格后提到?jīng)]有被告辯護(hù)人，被告就沒有任何機會。所以后一句是前一句的原因解釋。inthat后接原因，選項A符合題意。

（13）邏輯關(guān)系和語法。根據(jù)句意：即使是最明顯的被告也被保證有權(quán)得到公正的審判。所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，選項A和B可排除。這里是對憲法保證公平審判的事實，不需要用將來時態(tài)。選項D符合題意。

（14）形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“倫理的，道德的”；unethical“不道德的”；guilty“有罪的，內(nèi)疚的”；unbiased“公正的”。句意：這個行業(yè)里面有些害群之馬，這些人沒有職業(yè)道德，并且不關(guān)心實際的公正。選項B符合題意。

（15）語法題。根據(jù)文章意思，空格引導(dǎo)的句子應(yīng)該是一個非限制性定語從句，用來修飾上文提到的那些害群之馬，根據(jù)名詞concerns可知，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用whose在定語從句中作定語。句意：那些人的關(guān)注點只在他們的錢包上。選項C符合題意。

（16）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文，可知這里是指沒有被告辯護(hù)律師，這一體系將崩潰為一個簡單的機器，在這個機器里，被告被假定有罪。選項A符合題意。

（17）邏輯關(guān)系。further“而且，更遠(yuǎn)地”；nevertheless“然而，不過”；otherwise“另外，否則”；though“雖然，盡管”。句意：否則，被告將無機會去辯論或證明。選項C符合題意。

（18）語法題。根據(jù)空格前的people可知，空格應(yīng)該作后置定語修飾people，因為無辜的人們是被指控的，所以存在被動關(guān)系，用動詞的-ed分詞作后置定語。選項D符合題意。

（19）語法題。根據(jù)空格后mostunbiased用到了最高級，可知and前的空格也相應(yīng)地要用最高級。選項C符合題意。

（20）語法題。根據(jù)文章，“Withoutdefenseattorneys,thatsystemcannotbecarriedout”，可知沒有辯護(hù)律師，這一制度將無法實施。所以是做出了沒有辯護(hù)律師的假定，可推斷下文空格會用到虛擬語氣。woulddo表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，句意：將會導(dǎo)致喪失國家享有和珍視的公民自由。又根據(jù)固定搭配resultin“導(dǎo)致”，選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

The（）ofcomputertechnologyhasledtomajorchangesinoursocialandfamilylife.

問題1選項

A.fraudulence

B.arrival

C.dawn

D.advent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義解析。fraudulence“欺詐性”；arrival“到達(dá)”；dawn“黎明，開端”；advent“到來，出現(xiàn)”。句意：計算機技術(shù)的到來對我們的社會和家庭生活帶來了主要的影響。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

MaryBarton,particularlyinitsearlychapters,isamovingresponsetothesufferingofthe

industrialworkerintheEnglandofthe1840’s.Whatismostimpressiveaboutthebookistheintenseandpainstakingeffortmadebytheauthor,ElizabethGaskell,toconveytheexperienceofeverydaylifeinworking-classhomes.Hermethodispartlydocumentaryinnature:thenovelincludessuchfeaturesasacarefullyannotatedreproductionofdialect,theexactdetailsoffoodpricesinanaccountofateaparty,anitemizeddescriptionofthefurnitureoftheBartons’livingroom,andatranscription(againannotatedoftheballad“TheOldhamWeaver.”Theinterestofthisrecordisconsiderable,eventhoughthemethodhasaslightlydistancingeffect.

Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Gaskellcouldhardlyhelpapproachingworking-classlifeasanoutsideobserverandareporter,andthereaderofthenovelisalwaysconsciousofthisfact.Butthereisgenuineimaginativere-creationinheraccountsofthewalkinGreenHeysFields,ofteaattheBartons’house,andofJohnBartonandhisfriend’sdiscoveryofthestarvingfamilyinthecellarinthechapter“PovertyandDeath.”Indeed,forasimilarlyconvincingre-creationofsuchfamiliesemotionsandresponses(whicharemorecrucialthanthematerialdetailsonwhichthemerereporterisapttoconcentrate),theEnglishnovelhadtowait60yearsfortheearlywritingofD.H.Lawrence.IfGaskellneverquiteconveysthesenseoffullparticipationthatwouldcompletelyauthenticatethisaspectofMaryBarton,shestillbringstothesescenesanintuitiverecognitionoffeelingsthathasitsownsufficientconviction.

Thechapter“OldAlice’sHistory”brilliantlydramatizesthesituationofthatearlygenerationofworkersbroughtfromthevillagesandthecountrysidetotheurbanindustrialcenters.TheaccountofJobLegh,theweaverandnaturalistwhoisdevotedtothestudyofbiology,vividlyembodiesonekindofresponsetoanurbanindustrialenvironment:anaffinityforlivingthingsthathardens,byitsverycontrastwithitsenvironment,intoakindofcrankiness.Theearlychapters-aboutfactoryworkerswalkingoutinspringintoGreenHeysFields;aboutAliceWilson,rememberinginhercellarthetwig-gatheringforbroomsinthenativevillagethatshewillneveragainsee;aboutJobLgh,intentonhisimpaledinsects-capturethecharacteristicresponsesofagenerationtothenewandcrushingexperienceofindustrialism.Theotherearlychapterseloquentlyportraythedevelopmentoftheinstinctivecooperationwitheachotherthatwasalreadybecominganimportanttraditionamongworkers.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardGaskell’suseofthemethodofdocumentaryrecordinMaryBarton?Accordingtothepassage,MaryBartonandtheearlynovelsofD.HLawrencesharewhichofthefollowing?

2.WhichofthefollowingismostcloselyanalogoustoJobLeghinMaryBarton,asthatcharacterisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromexamplesgiveninthelastparagraphofthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwaspartof“thenewandcrushingexperienceofindusfrialism”(lines33-34)formany4.membersoftheEnglishworkingclassinthenineteenthcentury?

5.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatMaryBartonmighthavebeenanevenbetternovelifGaskellhad（

）.

6.Whichofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedforthephrase‘"thisaspectofMaryBarton"inline20-21withoutchangingthemeaningofthepassageasawhole?

7.TheauthorofthepassagedescribesMaryBartonaseachofthefollowingEXCEPT

問題1選項

A.Uncriticalenthusiasm

B.Unresolvedambivalence

C.Qualifiedapproval

D.Resignedacceptance

問題2選項

A.Depictionofthefeelingsofworking-classfamilies.

B.Documentaryobjectivityaboutworking-classcircumstances.

C.Richlydetaileddescriptionofworking-classadjustmenttourbanlife.

D.Imaginativelystructuredplotsaboutworking-classcharacters.

問題3選項

A.Anentomologistwhocollectedbutterfliesasachild

B.Asmall-townattorneywhosehobbyisnaturephotography.

C.Ayoungmanwholeavershisfamily’sdairyfarmtostarthisownbusiness.

D.Acitydwellerwhoraisesexoticplantsontheroofofhisapartmentbuilding.

問題4選項

A.Extortionatefoodprices

B.Geographicaldisplacement

C.Hazardousworkingconditions

D.Alienationfromfellowworkers

問題5選項

A.concentratedontheemotionsofasinglecharacter

B.madenoattempttore-createexperiencesofwhichshehadnofirsthandknowledge.

C.madenoattempttoreproduceworking-classdialects.

D.managedtotranscendherpositionasanoutsider.

問題6選項

A.theportrayaloftheparticularfeelingsandresponsesofworking-classcharacters

B.theinfluenceofMaryBartononLawrence’searlywork

C.theplaceofMatyBartoninthedevelopmentoftheEnglishnovel

D.theextentofthepovertyandphysicalsufferingamongEngland’sindustrialworkersinthel840’s

問題7選項

A.insightful

B.lyrical

C.vivid

D.poignant

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

【解析】1.在文章第一段結(jié)尾themethodhasaslightlydistancingeffect:這種方法略有輕微的距離效應(yīng)。由此可知，作者對Gaskell的寫作方式持輕微的批判態(tài)度，認(rèn)為這種方式會拉遠(yuǎn)讀者與書中人物的距離。所以C選項‘有條件的同意’正確。A選項‘不加批判的熱情’、B選項‘未解決的矛盾心理’和C選項‘’和D選項‘順從接受’排除。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段：...asimilarconvincingre-creationoffamilies'emotionandresponse,theEnglishnovel...writingofD.H.Lawrence.在創(chuàng)作家庭情感這情節(jié)上，有著令人信服的相似之處。由此可知，在描寫家庭情感上，Gaskell和Lawrence有相似之處。所以A選項‘描寫工人家庭的情感‘符合題意。

3.文章第二段，作者以JobLegh為例，講述對自然充滿熱愛的鄉(xiāng)下人離開鄉(xiāng)村后，對城市工業(yè)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)。所以C選項‘一位年輕人離開家里的乳牛場，開始自己的事業(yè)‘符合題意。

4.最后一段，作者以affinityforlivingthings（對萬物生靈的親近感），walkingoutinspringintofield（春天漫步在田野間），twig-gathering（收集樹枝）等例子講述地理位置的置換，使鄉(xiāng)村人進(jìn)城后仍對大自然念念不忘。所以B選項‘地理置換’正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第一段：Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Gaskellcouldhardlyhelpapproachingworking-classlifeasanoutsideobserverandareporter：作為中產(chǎn)階級的一員，蓋斯凱爾不可能走入工人階級的生活中，她只能是一個局外觀察者和一名記者。由此推斷D選項‘設(shè)法擺脫其局外人的立場’正確。

6.題目句子在文章中之前的句子：suchfami