考研考博-英語-廈門華天涉外職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門華天涉外職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingChinesesentencesintoEnglish.

由于消費支出占國家總產(chǎn)出的大約三分之二，所以恢復消費者信心是格林斯潘和國會的當務(wù)之急。

許多美國企業(yè)，尤其是飛機和其他髙價值工業(yè)的機械和設(shè)備制造商堅持認為，這些法規(guī)對抵制歐盟實施的經(jīng)WT0批準的出口增值稅退稅來說是必要的。

當一個WT0成員國政府就某一爭端提出投訴而且該投訴政府認為其利益正受到另一成員政府行為的損害吋，爭端解決機構(gòu)(DSB)才了解到該事件。

在過去五年里，歐洲的商業(yè)及企業(yè)環(huán)境也發(fā)生了可觀的變化；私募股權(quán)投資公司已經(jīng)成為新的投資來源，它的出現(xiàn)提高了就業(yè)率，同吋也創(chuàng)造了新的價值。

韋爾奇并非出身富貴之門，也決非一夜成名，他是靠自己的奮斗脫穎而出。

【答案】Becausetheconsumptionexpensetakesupabouttwothirdsofthewholenation’sgrossoutput,it’surgentforGreenspanandtheparliamentarytorecovertheconsumptionconfidence.

ManyAmericanindustries,especiallythemanufacturersoftheairindustryandotherhigh-interestmachineryandequipmentindustries,insistthattheserulesbeessentialtoresistthedrawbackofexportvalue-addedtaxissuedbytheEUandsanctifiedbyWTO.

OnlywhenamembergovernmentofWTOappealstocertaindisputeandcomplainsthatitsinterestisbeingunderminedbyanothermembergovernment,willtheDSBgettoknowtheissue.

Inthepastfiveyears,considerablechangeshavetakenplaceintheEuropeanbusinessandindustryenvironment;theprivatestockequitycorporations,whoseappearanceincreasedtheemploymentrateandcreatednewwealth,havebecomethenewsourceofinvestment.

Welchwasnotbornrich,nordidhebecomefamousovernight.Heoutstoodbyhisownstriving.

2.單選題

Thismedicineisveryeffective.Itcan

dangerousdiseases.

問題1選項

A.dealwith

B.cure

C.improve

D.treat

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。dealwith“處理；涉及”；cure“治療”；improve“提高”；treat“治療，對待”。cure通常強調(diào)結(jié)果，指治愈某種疾病或某人的疾??；而treat則通常強調(diào)過程，指對病人進行診斷和治療，但不含治好的意思。此處并沒有明確這種藥能治愈危險的疾病，因此選項A符合題意。句意：這種藥很有效果，能夠處理很多危險疾病。

3.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.

叫我最難忘的是燕園的小路。

無論從哪個校門走進來，大大小小筆直或者蜿蜒的路，都會把你引到湛藍清澈的未名湖畔。碧綠的垂柳和橙黃的小路鑲嵌的一池湖水，就像一只盛滿了佳釀的酒杯，送到你面前，盡你領(lǐng)略它的慷慨與盛情。只要你在湖邊小路上眺望—會兒，一種寧靜的美就會流進心中。

常常是黃昏或者夜晚。丟了一天的疲倦和紛擾，我漫步在未名湖邊的小路上。明滅閃爍的路燈撒下朦朦朧朧的光暈，如霧似雨。搖曳的樹影和輕輕的晚風，送來花的清香。間或有數(shù)點草蟲的鳴叫，一縷縷年輕人的笑語和歌聲，飄到小路上來，與湖面上倒映的燈火，暗藍的樹影，天上的星光，一抹晚霞或一鉤淡淡的新月，輝映成有聲有色的圖景。真像是一首詩，一首寫不盡讀不完的詩。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Oftenatduskornight,IrambledalongthepathsofWeiMingLake,forgettingthewholeday’stroubleandweariness.Theflickeringlampscastahazyshadow,likethemistortherain.Theswayingshadowsoftreesandthesoftnightwindaccompaniedthefloweraroma.Occasionally,thetweetingofinsects,thelaughterandsingingofteenagerswaftedtothepaths.Thentheyformedanimpressivepicturewiththelamplightreflectedinthelake,darkbluetreeshadows,starsinthesky,andtheaftergloworthecrescentmoon.Itisreallylikeapoem,anendlesspoem.

4.單選題

Famedfortheirhigh-elevationforests,theAppalachianMountainssweepsouthfromQuebectoAlabama.HighestinNewEnglandandNorthCarolina,thisbroadsystemcoversmorethan1,200milestoformtherockybackboneoftheeasternUnitedStates.

TheBlueRidgeMountainsformasubstantialpart,615miles,ofthefar-reachingAppalachians.Theybeginasanarrow,lowridgeinPennsylvania,thenslowlyspreadandriseuntiltheyreachtheheightof5,938feetatmajesticGrandfatherMountaininNorthCarolina.TheBlueRidgetechnicallyincludesamongitsmajorspurstheGreatSmokyMountainsandtheBlackMountains;MountMitchell,inthelatterrange,isat6,684feetthehighestpeakeastoftheMississippiRiver.LiketherestoftheAppalachians,thesemountainswereoncesubstantiallyhigherandbolder.Theirupliftwascompletedsome289millionyearsago,andtheyhavebeendrasticallyerodedeversince.Atonetime,immensecontinentalglacierscoveredthelandasfarsouthasPennsylvania.AlthoughtheydidnotspreadovertheBlueRidge,plantsandanimalsfarbeyondtheirreachbecameadaptedtothecold.Whentheclimatewarmedandtheicemelted,thecold-adaptedspeciesretreatednorthward,survivinginthesouthonlyathigher,coolerelevations.

RedSprucesandFraserfirsareremnantsoftheIceAge,thrivinginthehigherelevationsoftheBlueRidge;andlocalbelches,birches,andredoaksaretypicalofforestsfarthertothenorth.Sharingthehighpeaksisanotherdistinctiveplantcommunity.Thisisthe"bald"一atreelessareacoveredwithgrass,ormorecommonly,withbroad-leavedshrubs.Oftenlargeandvigorous,thelatterincludehuckleberries,mountainlaurel,andmostespecially,rhododendron,anevergreenshrubthatblossomsinJuneandcreatessomeofthemostspectacularwildgardensonEarth.

1.ThesouthernmostpointoftheAppalachianMountainsisin（）

2.Theexpression"thelatterrange"inparagraphtworefersto（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,themeltingofglacierscausedsomeplantspeciesto（）

4.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasplantsthatcanbefoundina"bald"EXCEPT（）

5.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionwhathashappenedtothedevelopmentofthemountainssincetheyreachedtheirhighestpoint?

6.Accordingtothepassage,a615-mileexpanseoftheAppalachiansisknownas（）

問題1選項

A.Quebec

B.NewEngland

C.Alabama

D.NorthCarolina

問題2選項

A.Appalachians

B.theBlackMountains-

C.theGreatSmokyMountains

D.GrandfatherMountain

問題3選項

A.adapttotheheat

B.dieout

C.growbiggerandstronger

D.movenorthward

問題4選項

A.mountainlaurel

B.huckleberries

C.redoaks

D.rhododendron

問題5選項

A.ThesecondsentenceofParagraphOne.

B.Thelatterhalfofthesecondparagraph.

C.ThefirsttwosentencesofParagraphTwo.

D.ThewholeParagraphTwo.

問題6選項

A.theBlueRidgeMountains

B.GrandfatherMountain

C.theBlackMountains

D.theGreatSmokyMountains

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“theAppalachianMountains”定位到第一段首句“Famedfortheirhigh-elevationforests,theAppalachianMountainssweepsouthfromQuebectoAlabama.”阿巴拉契亞山脈以其高海拔森林而聞名，從魁北克省一直向南延伸到阿拉巴馬州。所以阿巴拉契亞山脈的最南端為Alabama。

第2題:語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第二段的第三句，thelatterrange指后一范圍內(nèi)的。前面提到了theGreatSmokyMountainsandtheBlackMountains，所以這里指后者theBlackMountains。選項B正確。

第3題:細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句：當氣候變暖，冰融化時，適應(yīng)寒冷的物種向北撤退，只在海拔更高、更冷的南方生存。適應(yīng)寒冷的物種即上一句提到的植物和動物，所以本題選D。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"bald"定位到原文最后一段的最后兩句“...thelatterincludehuckleberries,mountainlaurel,andmostespecially,rhododendron”，只有選項C沒有提及。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題干問的是自從山脈達到最頂峰之后，有一些什么發(fā)展。文中在第二段的后半部分提到，山脈的隆起大約是在2.89億年前完成的，從那以后就遭到了嚴重的侵蝕。所以選項B正確。

第6題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞615-mile定位到原文第二段的第一句“TheBlueRidgeMountainsformasubstantialpart,615miles,ofthefar-reachingAppalachians.”藍嶺山脈是阿巴拉契亞山脈的重要組成部分，綿延615英里。選項A正確。

5.單選題

AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries____theapprovaloftheSenate.

問題1選項

A.issubjectedto

B.issubjectto

C.subjected

D.subject

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.issubjectedto遭到；受到B.issubjectto受支配于

C.subjected使遭受（過去分詞）D.subject受……支配的；取決于，adj.

【答案】B

【考查點】短語辨析

【解題思路】空格處為原句缺少的謂語，前后語義為“總統(tǒng)與其他國家達成的協(xié)議____經(jīng)參議院批準。”由此可知，該句表達的是總統(tǒng)簽訂的協(xié)議需要經(jīng)過參議員的審批，issubjecttotheapprovaloftheSenate“需要經(jīng)過參議員的審批”，B選項issubjectto“受支配于”符合語義。

【干擾項排除】

A選項issubjectedto“遭到；受到”，指使（某人/某事物）經(jīng)歷、遭受不愉快的事情或受不愉快的事物的影響；

C選項subjected“使遭受（過去分詞）”，不符合語境；

D選項subject“受……支配的；取決于，adj.”，不能單獨做謂語。

【句意】總統(tǒng)與其他國家達成的協(xié)議需經(jīng)參議院批準。

6.單選題

Heneverdoesanydisinterestedaction;he'salwaysonthe（）

.

問題1選項

A.make

B.move

C.rise

D.go

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。onthemake“急于求成，唯利是圖”；onthemove“四處奔波”；ontherise“在增加”；onthego“忙個不?！?。句意：他從來不會做任何無利可圖的事情，他一直都是唯利是圖。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.“Ananimalthatcan’tdetectdangercan’tstayalive,”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons(神經(jīng)元)deepinthebrainknownastheamygdale(扁桃核).

LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.Theamygdalareceivesinputfrommanypartsofthebrain,includingregionsresponsibleforretrievingmemories.Usingthisinformation,theamygdalaappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.Thesesignalsproducethefamiliarsignsofdistress:trembling,perspirationandfast-movingfeet,justtonamethree.

Thisfearmechanismiscriticaltothesurvivalofallanimals,butnoonecansayforsurewhetherbeastsotherthanhumansknowthey’reafraid.Thatis,asLeDouxsays,“Ifyouputthatsystemintoabrainthathasconsciousness,thenyougetthefeelingoffear.”

Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.Combinethesehigherthoughtprocesseswithourhardwireddanger-detectionsystems,andyougetanear-universalhumanphenomenon:worry.

That’snotnecessarilyabadthing,saysHallowell.“Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice,”hesays.Afterall,alittlehealthyworryingisokayifitleadstoconstructiveaction—likehavingadoctorlookatthatweirdspotonyourback.

Hallowellinsists,though,thatthere’sarightwaytoworry.“Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan,”hesays.Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.

Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworrieslastfallbyaskingdoctorsforCipro(抗炭疽菌的藥物)andbuyinggasmasks.

1.The“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”refersto______.

2.FromthestudiesconductedbyLeDouxwelearnthat______.

3.Fromthepassageweknowthat______.

4.WhichofthefollowingisthebestwaytodealwithyourworriesaccordingtoHallowell?

5.InHallowell’sview,people’sreactiontotheterroristthreatlastfallwas______.

問題1選項

A.thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defenseevolves

B.theinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialdanger

C.theactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquickdecision

D.theelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrievinginformation

問題2選項

A.reactionsofhumansandanimalstodangeroussituationsareoftenunpredictable

B.memoriesofsignificanteventsenablepeopletocontrolfearanddistress

C.people’sunpleasantmemoriesarederivedfromtheirfeelingsoffear

D.theamygdalaplaysavitalpartinhumanandanimalresponsestopotentialdanger

問題3選項

A.alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledproperly

B.alittleworrywillenableustosurvivearecession

C.fearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivedanger

D.fearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfutureevents

問題4選項

A.Askforhelpfromthepeoplearoundyou.

B.Usethebelt-tighteningstrategiesforsurvival.

C.Seekprofessionaladviceandtakeaction.

D.Understandthesituationandbefullyprepared.

問題5選項

A.ridiculous

B.understandable

C.over-cautious

D.sensible

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.（從純粹的生物學意義上講，恐懼始于身體系統(tǒng)對可能傷害我們的事物做出的反應(yīng)——即所謂的“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑反應(yīng)”。），說明“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”在文中是指“身體系統(tǒng)對可能傷害我們的事情做出戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑的反應(yīng)”。因此C選項“評估危險情況并做出快速抉擇行為”正確。A選項“人類自我防衛(wèi)感演化的生理過程”，B選項“人類面臨潛在的危險時本能的恐懼”，D選項“大腦提取信息的精細機制”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.（勒杜研究動物和人類對威脅的反應(yīng)方式，以了解我們是如何形成對生活中重大事件的記憶的。），說明了勒杜研究的內(nèi)容和目的，接著文章介紹了扁桃核的工作機制。因此D選項“扁桃核在人類和動物對潛在危險的反應(yīng)中起著重要作用”正確。A選項“人類和動物對危險情況的反應(yīng)往往是不可預(yù)測的”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯誤。B選項“記憶使人能控制恐懼”不是勒杜的研究內(nèi)容，所以B錯誤。C選項“不愉快的記憶來自恐懼”，由原文可知，是恐懼來自于記憶，所以C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“worry”可以定位到文章第五段第二句Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice（應(yīng)用得當?shù)脑捊箲]是一種極好的手段），說明在應(yīng)用得當?shù)那闆r下，焦慮也是有好處的。因此A選項“如果處理得當，一點焦慮對我們有好處”正確。B選項“一點焦慮會使我們在經(jīng)濟衰退中生存下來”，由原文Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.（我們大多數(shù)人都經(jīng)歷過經(jīng)濟衰退，所以我們都熟悉在經(jīng)濟衰退中需要的勒緊褲腰帶的策略。）可知，是“勒緊褲腰帶”策略有助于幫助我們度過經(jīng)濟衰退，而不是焦慮，所以B錯誤。C選項“恐懼加強了人類在危險中生存的欲望”在文中沒有提及，所以C錯誤。D選項“恐懼有助于人們預(yù)知未來的某些事件”，由原文可知，人類能回憶起過去壞事的形象、預(yù)測未來事件，但這與恐懼無關(guān)，所以D錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第二句Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan（不要光是焦慮，要了解事實，然后制定計劃），說明哈洛韋爾認為處理焦慮的最好方式是千萬別光是焦慮，要尋求有關(guān)事實然后做出計劃。因此D選項“了解情況，做好充分準備”正確。A選項“向你周圍的人尋求幫助”，B選項“使用勒緊褲腰帶的生存策略”，C選項“尋求專業(yè)建議并采取行動”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworries（不幸的是，我們中很少有人有應(yīng)對恐怖主義威脅的經(jīng)驗，所以很難知道我們應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對。這就是為什么哈洛韋爾認為，人們可以放縱一些極端的焦慮），說明哈洛韋爾認為大多數(shù)人未曾經(jīng)歷過恐怖威脅，所以感受到這種威脅時人們產(chǎn)生一些過度的焦慮是正常的。所以B選項“可以理解的”正確。A選項“荒謬的”，C選項“過于謹慎的”帶有貶義色彩，不符合哈洛韋爾的意思，所以A,C錯誤。D選項“理智的”，哈洛韋爾把人們的反應(yīng)稱為“極端”反應(yīng)，自然不是理智的，所以D錯誤。

8.單選題

Thelocalresidentswereunhappyaboutthecurfewinthisregionanddecidedto（）it.

問題1選項

A.defy

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.distress

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。defy“藐視；公然反抗”；disguise“偽裝”；disgrace“給……丟臉”；distress“使背痛；使貧困”。根據(jù)residentswereunhappyaboutthecurfew“居民對宵禁不滿”，可知他們決定“反抗”，選項A符合題意。

9.翻譯題

(1)StanBelin(斯坦?貝林)wasborninthe1930stoanurbanfamilylockedinthegripoftheGreatDepression.Hiswasafracturedfamily,oneinwhichhisparentsfoughtconstantly.Ilivedwithafeelingofimpendingdoom,hesays.Thisfeardrovehimtobeamodelchild.

Stanhasavividmemoryofonceleaningagainstabridgerailingasaboyandgazingatahandsomepartyboatpassingbelow.Hecouldseepeopleondeckenjoyingtheirouting.(2)Itwasasceneofcomfortandluxuryhecouldhardlyhaveimagined.Thatmentalpictureinfluencedtheboy’sideaofsuccess.Hisgoalsbecamemoney,power,andprestige.

Standidwellinschool.Hefoundhisgreatestacademicsuccessinhissciencecourses.Buthelackedtheconfidencetopursueamedicalcareerandturnedtodentistryasaquickerroutetohislife’sgoals.

(3)Hemarriedayoungwomanhehadknownsincehighschool,andforover20yearsStanandJanelivedalifethatmanypeoplewouldenvy.Hisreputationspread,themoneystartedrollinginandhewasappointedtoaprestigiouspositionbyhisstategovernment.Twohealthychildrenwereborn.

(4)Thefamilyhadamagnificenthouse,expensiveautomobilesandtookexoticvacations.

ThecrowningtouchforStancamewhenheboughtaluxuryyachtandsailedtothebridgewhere,asachild,hehadfirstglimpsedwhathehopedwouldbehisfuture.“ItoldJanethestory,”hesays.(5)“AsIspoke,Irealizedthatsomethingwasallwrong.IpossessedeverythingIhadeverdreamedof,butIfeltverysadandhopeless.Whatwasworse,Iknewitwouldneverchange.”

Thenintheearly1980s,adoctorfriendinvitedStantodinner.Thefriendsaidhehadbeenusingcocaineasanantidepressant.Hedescribeditasamarvelousnoaddictivedrug.Standecidedthedrugmightbejustrightforhisowndepression.

【答案】1.斯坦?貝林出生于20世紀30年代一個陷入經(jīng)濟大蕭條困境之中的城市家庭。

2.這種舒適與奢侈的情景是他無法想象的。這一情景銘刻在他的腦海里，影響著他對成功的看法。

3.他娶了一位中學時代就認識的女子為妻，20多年來，他和妻子簡過著令人稱羨的生活。

4.他們有華麗的住宅和昂貴的汽車，還常常出國度假。

5.說話時，我忽然意識到情況很不對勁。我已擁有曾經(jīng)夢寐以求的一切，但卻感到悲傷無望。更糟糕的是，我知道這種狀況將永遠不會改變。

10.翻譯題

正是因為不停地追求進取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來，如此連綿不絕，永無止境。對于往前看的人來說，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于瑣事且生命短暫，但我們生來就有不盡的希望，如天上繁星，遙不可及。只要生命猶在，希望便會不止。真正的幸福在于怎樣開始，而不是如何結(jié)束，在于我們的希冀。

【答案】Itisbecauseofthecontinuouspursuitofprogressthatwefeelhappyinourlife.Onethingalwaysleadstoanotherinanendlessseries.Forthosewholookahead,thereisalwaysanewworldinfront.Thoughwedwellonasmallplanet,engagedinchoresandashortlife,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.Whilethereislife,thereishope.Truehappinessliesinhowwebegin,nothowweend,inwhatwewantandnotwhatwehave.

11.翻譯題

學問是自己的事，不能依靠別人。環(huán)境好，圖書設(shè)備充足，有良師益友指導啟發(fā)，當然有很大的幫助，但是這些條件具備，也不一定能保證一個人在學問上就有成就。世間也有不少在學問上有成就的人，并不具備這些條件。最重要的因素，還是個人自己的努力。求學是一件艱苦的事，許多人不能忍受那必經(jīng)的艱苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

12.翻譯題

OnthefirstdayoftheUSfederalgovernmentshutdown,aCalifornianresidentmaynotyetfeeltheimpact,butmanyChinesetouristsareunhappyandtheirtourguidesnervous.TonyLuhasrunatravelagencyinLosAngelesfor20years.FourtouristgroupsfromChina’smainlandorganizedbyhisagencyarecurrentlytravellingaroundtheUnitedStates.Theyaresufferingdifferentkindsofimpactfromthefederalgovernmentshutdown,whichledtothecloseof401nationalparks,Smithsonian’s19museumsandgalleriesandtheNationalZoo.“Comparedtothe1995-1996shutdown,thistimeismoreserioustous.WerunmostlyChinesemarketbusinessandtherearemanymoreChinesetouristsgroupsnowthan17yearsago,”hesaid.

“Ourclientsarecomplaining.ThetourguidesexplainedtothemthateventheUSPresidentBarackObamacannotsolvetheproblemimmediately,”hesaid.Someofthegroupshavetochangetheiritineraries(行程)astheycannotenterYellowstoneNationalParkortheLincolnMemorial,norcantheyhaveacloselookoftheStatueofLiberty,allofwhichareamongthemostpopulartourismsites.

AccordingtoNationalParkServices,thenationalparkshaveabout715,000visitorsperdayonaverageinOctober.Butnow,visitorsarebeingturnedaway.

Althoughthere’snofigureyetofhowmanyChinesetouristsareaffectedbytheshutdown,someareexpressingtheirsadnessonline.“Iwanttocry,”wroteMsHetoherWeChat(微信)friends.ShehadbeenlookingforwardtohersightseeingtriptotheUSforalongtime.

Butsoonaftershelanded,shelearnedthattheStatueofLiberty,LincolnMemorialandmanyothertouristattractionsonherlistwouldbeclosed.

“NobodywillgiveanycompensationtotheseChinesetourists.TheSenateandtheCongresswilldefinitelynot,”saidLu,“Andwehavetodomoretomakethemfeelbetter,suchasexplainingthesituationtothemandhelpingsomeofthemmodifytheirtravelplans.Hopefullythefederalgovernmentshutdownendssoon.”

Nearly1.5millionChinesetraveledtotheUSlastyear,accordingtotheOfficeofTravelandTourismIndustriesoftheUSDepartmentofCommerce.

ChinesecompaniesdoingbusinessintheUSmayalsobeaffectedifthefederalregulatoryagenciesandotherservicesdonotresumeworksoon.

【答案】美國聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)門第一天，一個加利福尼亞的居民可能覺得沒有影響，但許多中國游客卻不開心，他們的導游也很緊張。托尼?魯在洛杉磯經(jīng)營一家旅行社20年。由他的旅行社接待的來自中國大陸的四個旅游團目前正在周游美國。他們正因聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)門而遭受著不同程度的影響，聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)門導致了401個國家公園、史密森尼的19家博物館和畫廊以及國家動物園的關(guān)閉?！跋啾?995-1996年的關(guān)門，這次對我們來說更嚴重。我們主要經(jīng)營中國市場業(yè)務(wù)，和17年前相比，現(xiàn)在有更多的中國游客群，”他說。

“我們的客戶在抱怨。導游解釋說就連美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬也不能立即解決問題，”他說。

因為他們不能進入黃石國家公園或林肯紀念堂，也不能近距離觀察自由女神像，一些旅行團不得不改變行程。而所有景點這些都列在最受歡迎的旅游網(wǎng)站上。

據(jù)國家公園的服務(wù)中心，在10月國家公園平均每天有715000名游客。但是現(xiàn)在，游客卻遭到拒絕。

雖然還沒有數(shù)據(jù)顯示有多少中國游客受關(guān)閉影響，但一些人在線表達了他們的傷心?！拔蚁肟蓿焙闻吭谖⑿派蠈懡o她朋友。她期待著她的美國觀光之旅很長時間了。

但她下飛機不久后，她了解到她清單上的自由女神像、林肯紀念堂和許多其他旅游景點將被關(guān)閉。

“沒人會給這些中國游客任何補償。參議院和國會絕對不會，”托尼?魯說，“我們必須做更多的工作來讓他們覺得好一點，比如向他們解釋情況，幫助他們中的一些人修改他們的旅行計劃。希望聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)門這件事很快結(jié)束?！?/p>

根據(jù)旅游局和美國商務(wù)部的旅游機構(gòu)，去年有大約150萬中國人前往美國。

如果聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機構(gòu)和其他服務(wù)沒有很快恢復工作的話，在美國經(jīng)商的中國公司也可能受到影響。

13.單選題

Jamesisquite（）withthecustomsandlanguagesofthepeopleinthatpartofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.knowledgeable

B.common

C.aware

D.familiar

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。knowledgeable“博學的”;common“普遍的”;aware“意識到的”;familiar“熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯對這個國家的這個地區(qū)人們的習俗和語言都相當熟悉。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.

1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun（

）.

3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.

B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.

C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.

D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.

問題2選項

A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf

B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears

C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness

D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears

問題3選項

A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.

B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.

C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.

問題4選項

A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.

B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.

C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.

D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.

問題5選項

A.Alarmed

B.Pessimistic

C.Comic

D.Objective

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句話是文章的中心句，提到“通過研究其他恒星，天文學家可以預(yù)測太陽系其他部分的樣子”（Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike），由此可知選項D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章可推斷出太陽……”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當能量用盡時，太陽會繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球。由此可知，現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)的時間差不多是太陽生命的一半，選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“當太陽變成紅色星球，地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的溫度會很熱，生命無法生存”（Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist），選項C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于太陽發(fā)展的各個階段，下列哪個是正確的”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當能量用盡時，太陽會繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球，由此可知正確的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf，選項C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章的基調(diào)是什么”。文章從頭到尾都是以非?？陀^的態(tài)度來描述天文學家對太陽發(fā)展的預(yù)測，選項D符合題意。Alarmed“擔憂的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；comic“滑稽的”；objective“客觀的”。

15.單選題

8.

問題1選項

A.Shewillgetsomeadvicefromthedesk.

B.Shewillundergosomelabtests.

C.Shewillarrangeanappointment.

D.Shewillgetthetextresults.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Takethesliptothefrontdeskandthenarrangeanappointmentforthetests.

W:Thankyou,doctor!Haveaniceday!

Q:Whatwillthewomando?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士對女士說：Takethesliptothefrontdeskandthenarrangeanappointmentforthetests（把小條拿到前臺去做檢查預(yù)約）。

16.單選題

Withourmagnificentnewcollegesoffurthereducation,thesuper-polytechnicsspringinguplikemushrooms,andourmuchvauntedincreaseofstudentsinfull-timeeducation,onevitalpointisbeinglefttousofeducationalthinking.Whatwillitearn?Because—sadasitmayseemtothosewhobelieveinits-mind-broadening,horizon-wideningandstaminatestingqualities—youcan'teateducation.Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillallreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?

OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwiththeaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolscanonlyfindplacesforhalforthosewhoapply.

ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandProductivityandtheDepartmentofEducationandSciencetogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.Theymightmakeastartbyreintroducingagenuine“General”CertificateofEducation.Inthedayswhenitmeantsomething,thiswascalledtheSchoolCertificate.Employerslikedit,becauseitindicatedproficiencyinEnglish,Arithmetic,ScienceandHumanities—inotherwords,thatyouhadanall-roundeducation.Youcoulduseitasaspringboardtohighereducation,butitactuallymeantsomethinginitself,ineveryindustryforchemicaltoclothing.

1.TheusefulnessofGeographycoursesisrestrictedmainlybecause（

）.

2.Incontrastwiththeaircraftindustry,hospitals

（

）.

3.“Industry”(Line4,Para....3)means