考研考博-英語-南方醫(yī)科大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南方醫(yī)科大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.creativity

B.security

C.credibility

D.stability

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。creativity創(chuàng)造性；security安全性；credibility確實性；stability穩(wěn)定性。

句意：與美國巨大的工作流動性相比，日本的工作穩(wěn)定性高是有一些合理的解釋的。根據(jù)下文的mobility可推測，兩者形成對比，所以選項D正確。

2.單選題

問題1選項

A.Thelittleboyisrestlessandnaughty.

B.Themanwillhelptakecareofthelittleboy.

C.Thewomanhastospendthedayinthelab.

D.Thewoman’ssonshouldnotstayinthelab.

【答案】D

【解析】9.W:Hi,Tony.Thisismyson,Philippe.Therewasaproblemwithhisdaycaretoday.He’llbespendingthedayhereinthelabwithme.I’llteachthemallaboutdoingresearch.

M:Well,I’mnotsurethisisagoodplaceforalittleboy.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：這個男人什么意思？由文中“He’llbespendingthedayhereinthelabwithme.（他今天會和我一起待在實驗室里。）”和“Well,I’mnotsurethisisagoodplaceforalittleboy.（我不確定這個地方適合一個小男孩待著。）”，可知D選項“Thewoman’ssonshouldnotstayinthelab.（女士的孩子不應該帶到實驗室）”符合原文。A選項“小男孩又好動又淘氣”；B選項“這個男人會幫助照顧這個小男孩”；C選項“女人不得不整天待在實驗室里”不符合原文。

3.翻譯題

中國人的年講究的就是一個團聚，正如中國知名作家馮驥才所講：春節(jié)是中國人的“情感時刻”。這一天無論你身在何處，回家團圓是唯一的主題，思鄉(xiāng)情感也要在這一刻得到宣泄。對于英國留學生們來說，春節(jié)回家的愿望，非要天時地利人和，多重因素都給力，才能夠得以實現(xiàn)。每年的春節(jié)大多在一、二月間，這個時候并不是學校的假期，留學生們無法脫身。

【答案】WhatChineseNewYearstressesisafamilyreunion.JustasFengJicai,afamousChinesewriter,haspointedout,theSpringFestivalisan“emotionalmoment”fortheChinesepeople.Whereveryoumaybethatday,returninghomeforafamilyreunionistheonlytopicofconversationandyourhomesicknessissuretobegotoffyourchest.ForoverseasChinesestudentsintheUnitedKingdom,theirwishofreturninghomeduringtheSpringFestivalcannotberealizedunlesseverythingisOKandmanyfactorsaregeliable.TheSpringFestivalfallschieflybetweenJanuaryandFebruary,duringwhichschoolshavenovacations,overseasstudentscannotleaveschool.

4.單選題

Whybothercooking?Youdon'thavetime,ofcourse(oryouthinkyoudon’t).Thatisthebigreason.Butyoualsodon’tdoitaswellastheprofessionals,soit’stemptingtoletthemhandleitforyou.Oratleastletthemgiveyouaheadstartintheformofmeal-assemblyshops,cakemixesandcanned,frozenandpre-choppedingredients.MichaelPollanthinksyoushouldbother.Hislatestbook,Cooked,isapowerfulargumentforareturntohomecooking.

Scoresoffoodwritersandeditors,myselfincluded,havelonglamentedtheincreasinginfluenceofcorporationsonthepublic’sdiet.WehaveseentheslowretreatfromthekitchenasaprimarycontributiontoAmerica’sobesityepidemicandotherhealthandenvironmentalills.ButperhapsonlyPollancansoeffectivelypickupthethreadsofsomanyfoodmovements,philosophiesandresearchpapersandknitthemintoacompellingnarrativewithacrystal-clearmessage.Hewrites“Thebestwaytorecovertherealityoffood,toreturnittoitsproperplaceinourlives,isbyattemptingtomasterthephysicalprocessesbywhichithastraditionallybeenmade.”

Don'tbetagainsthim.Becauseofthepowerofhisproseandhisreasoning,CookedmayprovetobejustasinfluentialasPollan’sotherbook.TheOmnivore'sDilemma,possiblythesinglemost-citedtextbythosewhoprofessconcernwithhowoureatingchoicesaffectplanet.

AsinTheOmnivore’sDilemma,Pollanhaveknownthathiscredibilitydependsonawillingnesstopracticewhathepreaches,soinCookedhetakesjustasmuchofahands-onapproachashesuggestshisreadersdo.Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcooking-barbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation-and,asthebook’ssubtitlepromises,explorescookingasnolessthanatransformationofnatureintofoodanddrink.

Theresultsarefascinating,butthemagicofCookedliesnotinitsabilitytounlockthesecretsofslow-roastingawholehogorbrewingbeer.Therearemuchmorehelpful,intensiveinstructionalmaterialsforthatkindofthing.No,whatPollanpullsoffisevenmoreimpressive.HemanagestoilluminatethewealthofconnectionsthatstemfromourDIYtimeinthekitchen.“Tocookforthepleasureofit,”hewrites,“todevoteaportionofourleisuretoit,istodeclareourindependencefromthecorporationsseekingtoorganizeoureverywakingmomentintoyetanotheroccasionforconsumption.”

1.“Corporations”(Paragraph2)inthepassagerefertothosewho（）.

2.Toencourageareturntohomecooking.Pollanadvises（）.

3.WhatistrueaboutTheOmniore’sDilemma?

4.“Fermentation’’(Paragraph4)islikelytobetalkedaboutinthesectionof（）.

5.Thepassageismostlikelytobe（）.

問題1選項

A.sellyoujunkfoods

B.teachyouhowtocookfoods

C.prepareorprocessfoodsforyou

D.dothehomecookingforyou

問題2選項

A.seekingforprofessionalhelp

B.teachingtheprocessesofcooking

C.understandingphilosophiesaboutfood

D.launchingmanyfoodmovements

問題3選項

A.Itexpressesconcernovertheenvironment

B.Itisaboutthedilemmatheplanetisfacedwith

C.Itisaboutthedilemmaofhomecooking

D.Itsauthortakesapractice-orientedapproach

問題4選項

A.fire

B.water

C.air

D.earth

問題5選項

A.areviewofabook

B.adefenseforacourseofaction

C.aguidebookforcooking

D.aninstructionforconsumingfood

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Scoresoffoodwritersandeditors,myselfincluded,havelonglamentedtheincreasinginfluenceofcorporationsonthepublic’sdiet(包括我在內(nèi)的幾十位食品作家和編輯長期以來一直在哀嘆corporations對公眾飲食的影響越來越大)。因此對corporations的理解可參照上段:Butyoualsodon’tdoitaswellastheprofessionals，soit’stemptingtoletthemhandleitforyou(然而，你也可能做飯做得沒有專業(yè)人員那樣好，因此讓他們?yōu)槟闾幚盹埵俏说?，以及:Oratleastletthemgiveyouaheadstartintheformofmeal-assemblyshops,cakemixesandcanned,frozenandpre-choppedingredients(或至少讓他們以餐點裝配商店、蛋糕材料、罐裝、冷藏和預先剁碎的材料的形式給你一個有利的開端)。由此可知，corporations指那些為你準備或加工食物的人。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:...Thebestwaytorecovertherealityoffood,toreturnittoitsproperplaceinourlives,isbyattemptingtomasterthephysicalprocessesbywhichithastraditionallybeenmade(要恢復食物的真實性，使它回到我們生活中的適當位置，最好的方法就是試圖掌握傳統(tǒng)上制造食物的物理過程)，由此可知B項“教授烹飪的過程”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞TheOmniore’sDilemma定位至第四段:AsinTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Pollanhaveknownthathiscredibilitydependsonawillingnesstopracticewhathepreaches(如同在《雜食動物的困境》一書中一樣，Pollan知曉他的可信性依賴于愿意去實行他所講道的…)，由此可知D項“它的作者采取了一個以實踐為導向的方法”正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcooking—barbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation...(在這種情況下，他將這本書分為四個章節(jié)，即經(jīng)典的火、水、空氣和大地。每個代表了一種烹飪類型，即燒烤、燉、面包烤制和發(fā)酵…)，由此可知D項“大地”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。倒數(shù)第二段提到:Hedividesthebookintofoursectionsinthiscase,theclassicalelementsoffire,water,airandearth.Eachrepresentsatypeofcookingbarbecue,braising,breadbakingandfermentation...(這種情況下，他將這本書分成四個章節(jié)，即經(jīng)典的火、水、空氣和大地。每個代表了一種烹飪類型，即燒烤、燉、面包烤制和發(fā)酵…)，由此推測這篇文章可能是一篇書評。

5.單選題

Thetraincametoa/an（

）stop,makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.

問題1選項

A.hasty

B.incidental

C.swift

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B選項incidental“偶然的”；C選項swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D選項abrupt“突然的”。

句意：火車突然停了下來，許多乘客從座位上摔了下來。選項D更符合語境。

6.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普羅慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫寧根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【參考譯文】

香蕉作為一項重大收入來源，同時又是數(shù)百萬人的營養(yǎng)供給源，因此巴拿馬病毒成為當前的一個大問題。全球盛產(chǎn)香蕉的國家有135個。聯(lián)合國將香蕉，水稻，小麥和玉米列為最重要的作物。香蕉還富含一種能使人感到愉悅的化學物質(zhì)。

42.【參考譯文】

普羅慈說如果疾病擴散至拉丁美洲，它將威脅到世界經(jīng)濟以及數(shù)百萬人的食品供應。他說，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亞科學家們正研究可抵御巴拿馬疾病的轉(zhuǎn)基因香蕉，但是普羅慈認為人們是否能接受轉(zhuǎn)基因香蕉仍然是一個問題。

43.【參考譯文】

荷蘭瓦赫寧根大學的研究人員正在尋找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品種，這是一項艱巨的工作。研究人員表示，新品種香蕉需抵抗巴拿馬疾病并能經(jīng)得起長時間運輸。因為香蕉需運輸?shù)綆浊Ч锿獾氖袌?。當然，得嘗起來美味。

7.單選題

CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask;achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.

Fairytales,unlikeanyotherformofliterature,directchildrentodiscovertheiridentityandcalling.Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.Butfairytalesalsowarnthatthosewhoaretootimidornarrow-mindedtoriskthem-selvesmustsettleforhumdrumexistence.

Inthepast,thosewholovedfairytaleswereoftensubjectedtothescornofpedants.Buttodaymanyofourchildrenaredeprivedofthechancetoknowfairystoriesatall.Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.

Throughouthistory,theintellectuallifeofchildrenlargelydependedonmythicalandreligiousstories,andonfairytales.Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.Atthesametime,thesestorieswereamajoragentofthechild’ssocialization.Childrencouldlearnsocialidealsfromthematerialofmyths,whilefairytalesprovidepatternsofbehaviormodeledontheseideals.Theseweretheimagesoftheunconqueredheroes,whoselifehistoryshowedthatitisnotbeneaththedignityofthestrongesttocleanthefilthieststable.

1.TheauthorcitedDickensinorderto______.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat______.

3.TheauthoridentifiedallofthefollowingasbenefitschildrenderivefromfairytalesEXCEPT______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,today’schildrenseldomexperiencefairytalesintheoriginalbecausetheseliteraryformsare______.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.callattentiontoapersonwhobeganbywritingfairytales

B.supporttheauthor’sscornforthosewhoadaptfairytalesforfilmsandtelevision

C.provetheformativeinfluenceoffairytalesonwriters

D.provideanexampleofonewhounderstandstheimportanceoffairytalestochildren

問題2選項

A.mostfairytalesaresuccessstories

B.childrenlearntheirmorallessonfromfairytales

C.mostfairytalesaretoodifficultforchildrentocomprehend

D.childrenoftenidentifythemselveswiththecharactersinfairytales

問題3選項

A.expressingcomplexissuesinlanguagechildrencanunderstand

B.servingasintroductionstocomplexquestionsbyrewardinglifestyles

C.teachingchildrenthewisdomoffacingriskstoachievemorefulfillinglives

D.improvingachild’simaginationthroughmodelsofvividimagery

問題4選項

A.nolongeravailable

B.notunderstandabletochildren

C.shortenedtoentertaining

D.norelevanttotheconcernsofcontemporarychildren

問題5選項

A.Manyoftoday’schildrenlacktheimportantsocializinginfluenceofmythsandfairytales.

B.Fairytalesprovidemodelsforhumanfeelingsandarethereforeessentialtothegrowthofchildren.

C.Thebestwaytotameachild’sunconsciousbeingistoallowhimtoexperiencefairytales.

D.Thediminishingimportanceoftheroleoffairytalesinchilddevelopmentexplainstoday’sproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.作者意圖題。文章開頭提到“CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask...（查爾斯?狄更斯，就像那個時代世界上數(shù)百萬的孩子一樣，為童話故事所陶醉。他承認童話故事中奇妙的人物和事件對孩子們的成長有著深刻的影響，在他們最困難、最重要、最令人滿意的任務中，這些人物和事件比其他任何東西都更有幫助……）”，由此可知查爾斯?狄更斯是作者引用的一個用來說明童話故事對孩子們的重要性的一個例子，所以D選項“提供一個理解童話故事對孩子重要性的例子”符合題意。A選項“引起對一個開始寫童話故事的人的注意”；B選項“支持作者對那些把童話故事改編成電影和電視的人的蔑視”；C選項“論證童話對作家的形成影響”都不如D選項更符合題意，因此D選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段提到“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.（這些故事暗示，一個人即使身處逆境，也能過上美好而有意義的生活。他們承諾，如果一個人敢于進行可怕而費力的探索，仁慈的力量將會來幫助他，他就會成功。）”，由此可知童話故事大部分都是成功的故事，所以A選項“大多數(shù)童話故事都是成功的故事”符合題意。B選項“孩子們從童話中吸取道德教訓”；C選項“大多數(shù)童話故事對孩子們來說太難理解了”以及D選項“孩子們常常認同童話里的人物”該段落都沒有體現(xiàn)，因此A選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.（這些故事暗示，一個人即使身處逆境，也能過上美好而有意義的生活。）”可知B選項“通過獎勵生活方式來介紹復雜的問題”正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句“achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.（獲得更成熟的意識來馴服他們無意識的混亂壓力。）”可知C選項“教孩子們面對風險的智慧，以實現(xiàn)更充實的生活”正確；根據(jù)最后一段“Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.（這種傳統(tǒng)文學豐富了孩子們的想象力，激發(fā)了他們的幻想。）”可知D選項“通過生動形象的模型來提高孩子的想象力”正確，只有A選項“用孩子們能理解的語言表達復雜的問題”文章沒有提及，因此該題應選A選項。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.（大多數(shù)孩子現(xiàn)在看到的童話，如果他們能看到的話，也只是經(jīng)過美化的版本，削弱了它們的意義，剝奪了它們所有更深層次的意義。人們可以在電影和電視上看到這樣的版本，童話故事被馴服為空洞的娛樂消遣）”，由此可知現(xiàn)在的兒童很少體驗到原始的童話故事是因為它們被削減美化成了娛樂消遣，所以C選項“削減為娛樂”符合題意。A選項“不再提供”；B選項“兒童不能理解”；D選項“與當代兒童的關注無關”。因此C選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要闡述童話故事對兒童成長的重要性。第一段以例子說明童話故事對兒童的深刻影響；第二段描寫童話故事對兒童精神世界的影響；第三段主要分析了當今社會兒童很少體驗到原始童話故事的問題；第四段主要說明了童話故事對兒童智力以及情感方面的影響。綜上且結(jié)合全文，B選項“童話故事為人類情感提供了模型，因此對兒童的成長至關重要”最能表達文章的主旨。A選項“當今許多兒童缺乏神話和童話故事的重要社會影響”；C選項“馴服孩子潛意識的最好方法是讓他體驗童話故事”；D選項“童話在兒童發(fā)展中作用的重要性的下降解釋了今天的問題”都不如B選項貼合文章大意，因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

MollyBrownwaslabeled“unsinkable”aftershehelpedtoevacuatepassengersfromtheill-fatedshiptheTitanic.

問題1選項

A.anticipate

B.comfort

C.remove

D.shelter

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項anticipate“預料，預期，預見”，B項comfort“安慰，使（痛苦等）緩和”，C項remove“移開，拿開，轉(zhuǎn)移”，D項shelter“保護，使掩蔽”。句意：莫莉布朗在幫助疏散泰坦尼克號上的乘客后被貼上了“永不沉沒”的標簽。根據(jù)句意可知，evacuate在句中表示“疏散”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是C項。因此，該題選擇C項。

9.單選題

Theyoungwoman’sheartrevoltedagainstso（）acharge,andwhenshesawthatshecouldattempttodonothingtosaveherprotector,sheweptbitterly.

問題1選項

A.blessed

B.monstrous

C.heinous

D.grievous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年輕的夫人堅決地抗議這種污蔑。當她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無力拯救保護人吋，便痛苦地哭泣起來。

考查形容詞辨析。blessed幸福的，受祝福的，神圣的;monstrous巨大的，怪異的；heinous極惡毒的，道德敗壞的，可恨的；grievous痛苦的，劇烈的。因此C符合句意。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.不管大家如何看待這些趨向，多方面的努力可以澄清一點：科研與教育的統(tǒng)一在聯(lián)邦政府和大學的議事日程上理應優(yōu)先考慮。

2.改革是企業(yè)充滿活力的基本。

3.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

4.他們想要說明，為什么我們具有某些性格特征和表現(xiàn)出某些行為。

5.旅館業(yè)就憂慮旅館建得太多，不愁人太多。

【答案】1.Whateverwethinkofthesetrends,variouseffortscanclarifyonepoint:theunityofresearchandeducationshouldbeapriorityontheagendaofthefederalgovernmentsanduniversities.

2.Reformisthebasisforenterprisetobefullofvitality.

3.Nearvermilion，onegetsstainedpink;nearink,onegetsstainedblack.

4.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertainpersonalitytraitsandexhibitcertainbehaviors

5.Thehotelindustryworriesthattoomanyhotelsarebeingbuilt,ratherthantoomanypeople.

11.單選題

Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo（

）andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.

問題1選項

A.formally

B.publicly

C.spontaneously

D.willfully

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。formally“正式地，形式上”；publicly“公然地，以公眾名義”；spontaneously“自發(fā)地，不由自主地”；willfully“故意地，任性固執(zhí)地”。根句意‘我們很難區(qū)分有頌袖氣質(zhì)是人（

）做出的事情還是那些為了做樣子而故意策劃出事情?！芍崭裉幩钤~要跟“carefullycontrivedforeffect為了做樣子而故意策劃”對應，所以C選項“自發(fā)地”正確。

12.單選題

Television,themostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyraidchangeandgrowth,ismovingintoaneweraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword“television”，derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirtysevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpail,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnews,information,andentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1.Withwhichtopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.Whatistheliteralmeaningoftheword“television”?

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassageasafunctionofelectronicsintelevision

transmissions?

4.Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenthetelevisionandits

viewerscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Recentchangesinmoderntechnology.?

B.Themarriageofbroadcastinggiants.

C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday’ssociety.

D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.

問題2選項

A.Mediumofthemasses

B.Sightfromadistance

C.Airwavetransmission

D.Vehicleforcommunication

問題3選項

A.Theconversionofimageintoelectronicimpulses.

B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawireorcable.

C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.

問題4選項

A.Broad-based.

B.Reconstituted.

C.Traditional.

D.Non-broadcast.

問題5選項

A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.

C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Viewershavegrowntiredoftelevision.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第三段起到了承上啟下的作用:Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings(電視不僅僅是一個電子系統(tǒng),它還是一種表達工具和傳播渠道。因此,電視成了一個對其他人發(fā)生影響的強大工具)。因此C項“電視在當今社會里的角色”比較能概括文章大意。

2.詞義題。第二段指出:Theword“television”canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance(電視…可以從字面上理解為來自遠方的景象)。由此可知B項“來自遠方的景象”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。A:圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成電子脈沖,B:通過電線或電纜發(fā)送電子脈沖,C:將一個圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成另外一個圖像,D:將脈沖送入接收機。第二段指出:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,oelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage(通過復雜的電子系統(tǒng),電視能夠?qū)⒁桓遍x像轉(zhuǎn)換成能經(jīng)過導線或電纜發(fā)送出去的電子脈沖信號。當這些電子脈沖信號被輸入一部接收機(電視機)吋,就可以用電子學的方法把脈沖信號重新恢復成同一幅圖像)。由此可知C項在文中未被提及。故選C。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques(第二類為非廣播電視,使用受控的發(fā)射技術(shù)來滿足個人以及某些特殊利益群體的需要)。因此答案為D項“非廣播類的”。

5.細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer(我們漸漸把顯像管看作是娛樂的來源,讓自己成為這個生動的媒介的被動觀眾),由此可知A項“觀看者在觀看電視吋扮演被動角色”正確。

13.單選題

SheisoneofthefewpeoplehereIcanunderstandproperly,shepronouncesallherwordsso_______.

問題1選項

A.exactly

B.distinctly

C.distinctively

D.distinguishably

【答案】B

【解析】exactly精確地；distinctly明顯地，清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguishably可區(qū)別地，辨認得出。句意：她是我能聽懂的為數(shù)不多的幾個人之一，她把所有的字都讀得很清楚。

由題意可知，作者強調(diào)此人發(fā)音清晰，故選B。

14.單選題

Thesefundswillcomewithstringentconditionsthatwillimposeexternalfinancialcontrolsand（）heavilyonIceland’shard-wonsovereignindependence.

問題1選項

A.impinge

B.affect

C.afflict

D.impact

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項impinge“妨礙，侵犯”；B選項affect“影響，感染”，一般和介詞to搭配；C選項afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D選項impact“影響，沖突”。句意：這些資金將附帶嚴格的條件，強制實施外部金融控制，并嚴重侵犯了冰島來之不易的主權(quán)獨立。這里是指侵犯主權(quán)，所以選項A更符合語境。

15.翻譯題

Sincetheturnofthecentury,Londonershaveexpressedapreferenceforsuburbanlocationsasmorepleasantandsafertobringupchildren.Themiddleclassesfearurbanpubliclifesomuch,theyarewillingtotradeoffthedailyjourneytoworkinfavorofsafetyandseclusionathome.InNewYork,peopleviewthestreets,sidewalks,plazasandsubwaysasareasofcombatratherthancivilitywherethegoalisnotenjoymentbutsurvival.

Thisprocessofdetachmentandwithdrawalhasbeenencouragedbythemotorcar,bringinginitswakedifficultpedestrianaccesskeysitescutoffbyringroads,andmulti-storeycarparkswhichareparticularlythreateningtowomen.Thecinemahaspartlygivenwaytothehomevideo,andluxuryhousingdevelopmentsaroundLondonfeaturehighlevelsofsecuritysurveillance.

InNewYork,newbuildingsarefilledwith“defensiblespace”,galesandguardstofunnelyouthiswayorthatbecausedrugdealerscanmakeapublicspacetheirowninafewdays.

Theunrestrainedgrowthofincivilities—drunks,tramps,rowdyyouth,prostitutes,andotherdisreputables—haddecreasedcommunalcontrol.Thishadledtomoreactualcrime,increasedthefearofcrime,encouragedwithdrawalintoprivatespaces,sofurtherreducingcommitmenttoneighborhoodsandencouraginggreaterincivilities.

Theresultisthatpeoplethencreateashieldforthemselvesinpublicplaces;theyminimizeexpressionsandbodycontact,choosesealingtosignalwhatmighthappennext,theyrun.Sincebeggarsprobablyevokedmixedreactionsofpity,embarrassment,orfear,theirhighvisibilityonthestreetsmaywellleadpeopletoavoidcertainplaces.

ItisincivilitieslikethesewhichsurelymakepeoplefearfulincitiesandwhichcannotbedismissedasHomeofficialstendtodo,asirrationalfears.Awoman’sfearfulnessabouttravellingontheTube,forexample,cannotbelightlydismissedonthegroundsthatstatisticallysheislesslikelytosufferanassaultthanayoungman.Herfearsarefuelledbyallthesesurroundingincivilities,plusgestures,sexualinnuendos,orremarksfromyouth:inthecarriage.IfacoupleofyoungmenstartsmokingontheTube,thetensioninthecarriageispalpablebecausepeopleknowwhatthereactionislikelytobeiftheyaretoldtostop.Womenoroldpeoplefeelmorevulnerablethanyoungmenbecausetheyarcmorevulnerable.Whenconsideringrisks,policymakerstendtoemphasizestatisticalinfrequencyanddownplaythegravit