考研考博-英語-南陽師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南陽師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項(xiàng)C正確；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權(quán)法案》是1866年出臺的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準(zhǔn)的,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權(quán)法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權(quán)的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權(quán)法案》之前,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權(quán)法案》,他認(rèn)為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒有賦予國會(huì)權(quán)力將公民權(quán)和平等保護(hù)擴(kuò)展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國會(huì)很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎(chǔ)。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關(guān)心的是憲法是否為所有美國公民的平等保護(hù)提供了支持,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國會(huì)在立法公民權(quán)利方面的權(quán)威沒有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會(huì)頒布。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設(shè)施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對其設(shè)施實(shí)行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護(hù)的影響。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.單選題

Sallycontributedalottotheproject,butsheneveronceacceptedallthe（）forherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.attention

C.focus

D.award

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)credit“贊揚(yáng)，贊許”，allthecredit意為“所有的功勞”；B選項(xiàng)attention“注意力”；C選項(xiàng)focus“焦點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)award“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”。句意：莎莉?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)工程做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，但她從沒有將所有的功勞據(jù)為己有。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.填空題

Theoveremphasisontheexteriorelevationinitsformerdesignresultedintheclosenessand________oftheinteriorspace.(regular)

【答案】irregularity

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and，可知橫線處和closeness都是名詞，結(jié)合語境，過分強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑的外部立面致使建筑不規(guī)則，irregularity意思為“不規(guī)則（或無規(guī)律）的事物”，符合語境。

【句意】在原有設(shè)計(jì)中過分強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑的外部立面，導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)空間的封閉和不規(guī)則。

4.單選題

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。wretched“可憐的，卑鄙的”；worried“擔(dān)心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪惡的，惡劣的，不道德的”。句意：我覺得我染上流感了，因?yàn)槲艺旄杏X不舒服。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Thetruthaboutalliancesandtheirmeritprobablyliessomewherebetweenthetravelutopiapresentedbytheplayersandtheevilempiresportrayedbytheircritics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.collaboration

B.worth

C.triumph

D.defect

【答案】B

【解析】merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，價(jià)值，功績”。A選項(xiàng)collaboration“合作，勾結(jié)”；B選項(xiàng)worth“價(jià)值，財(cái)產(chǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)triumph“生理，凱旋”；D選項(xiàng)defect“缺點(diǎn)，不足之處”。B選項(xiàng)與merit“價(jià)值”這一意思相近，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。answerfor“對……負(fù)責(zé)”；stepinto“進(jìn)入”;abideby“遵守”；runinto“遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他沒有履行合同的一些條款”，因此他需要對此負(fù)責(zé)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

8.單選題

Dr.HowardMartingavefataldosesofpainkillerstoterminallyillpatientsoutof（

）andactedintheirbestinterests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suspicion

B.curiosity

C.compassion

D.prejudice

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。suspicion“懷疑，猜疑”；curiosity“好奇”；compassion“同情，憐憫”；prejudice“偏見，損害”。句意：霍華德?馬丁醫(yī)生給絕癥晚期的病人服用致命劑量的止痛劑是出于同情，是為病人最佳利益考慮而采取的行動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者的國家，哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各種各樣的人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中蓬勃發(fā)展，有足夠的證據(jù)表明大多數(shù)人仍然想要獲得發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會(huì)”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定對窮人有害”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪個(gè)表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動(dòng)力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項(xiàng)B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項(xiàng)C“一直存在”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個(gè)人的最終目標(biāo)（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

He（

）himselfasgentleandromantictowardawomanhewastryingtoimpress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expressed

B.conveyed

C.demonstrated

D.presentedf

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:他他對待女性溫柔且浪漫，他也正努力地給人留下這樣的印象。

express:表達(dá)，表示，表露。convey:傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸。demonstrate:證明，證實(shí)，論證。present:提出，提交，提供。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意,在句子中語義為“認(rèn)為”。

11.翻譯題

吸引大量觀眾的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，為人們觀賞青春的活力、速度和力量提供了一個(gè)窗口。它所展示的技能水平強(qiáng)烈地吸引著人們。男性之所以比女性更直接地認(rèn)同這種運(yùn)動(dòng)，是因?yàn)樗麄兊耐杲?jīng)歷和比賽所展示的陽剛之氣。

到20世紀(jì)70年代初，體育愛好者們對比賽不斷增長的興趣在電視聯(lián)播中得到了進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，并把職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變成了利潤豐厚的商業(yè)活動(dòng)。結(jié)果，一些全新的俱樂部聯(lián)合會(huì)雨后春筍般地涌現(xiàn)出來，與現(xiàn)有的體育組織展開競爭，并以誘人的工資來吸引運(yùn)動(dòng)員加盟。隨著體育變得更像傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)活動(dòng)，越來越多的運(yùn)動(dòng)員尋找他們的經(jīng)紀(jì)人，代表他們參加工資談判。現(xiàn)在，職業(yè)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入一個(gè)新時(shí)代。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtoturnthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【參考譯文】

Sportsthatattractlargeaudiencesprovideawindowonthevigor,speedandpowerofyouth.Peoplearestronglyattractedtotheskilllevelsitshows.Menidentifywiththesportmoredirectlythanwomenbecauseoftheirchildhoodexperiencesandthemasculinityofthegame.

Bytheearly1970s,fans’growinginterestinthegamewasreinforcedbytelevisionnetworksandturnedprofessionalsportsintoalucrativebusiness.Asaresult,entirelynewclubfederationssprunguptocompetewithestablishedsportsorganizationsandlureawayplayerswithattractivesalaries.Assportsbecomemorelikeatraditionalbusiness,moreandmoreathletesseekouttheiragentstorepresenttheminsalarynegotiations.Now,professionalsportshaveenteredanewera.

12.單選題

Theloveofpoetrywas____inhimbyherreaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.banished

B.kindled

C.hardened

D.smashed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.banished放逐；驅(qū)除B.kindled激起（興趣、情感等）

C.hardened硬化；更嚴(yán)厲D.smashed打碎；猛烈碰撞

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“對詩歌的熱愛”，后文內(nèi)容為“她的到達(dá)”，空格處所填動(dòng)詞搭配的內(nèi)容為“對詩歌的熱愛”，B選項(xiàng)kindled“激起（興趣、情感等）”與原句語義銜接最恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】她的到達(dá)激起了他對詩歌的熱愛。

13.單選題

BarbaraStrozziwasasingerandcomposerofmadrigalsariasandcantataspublishedinVenicebetween1644and1664.Heruseofthesevocalformsplacesherdirectlywithinthecantatatraditionofthemid-seventeenthcentury,alongwithsuchmayorfigureasRossi,Carissimi,andCesti.WiththenotableexceptionofFrancescaCaccioi(1587-1640),sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition.

Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored.Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste.”Suchanappreciationnowappearsirrelevantaswellaspolemicalinitsincompletenessbecauseweareinabetterposition-withregardtobothhistoricalknowledgeandsocialawareness-toattemptamorepreciseevaluationforasomewhatanomalous(unusual)figurelikeBarbaraStrozzi.

Bornin1619inVenice,shegrewupinthehomeofGiulioStrozzi,arenownedpoetandleadingfigureamongVenetianintellectuals.Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety.Indeed,shewasabletoenteraworldthatwas,apparently,closedtoothermembersofhersex.Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy.Thisparallelsuggeststhatsuchanenvironmentmayhavebeenessentialforthedevelopmentofafemalecomposer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,BarbaraStrozzi’smusicattractedattentionearlyinthetwentiethcenturybecauseof（

）.

2.Theauthor’suseoftheword“supposedly”(line4,Para.2)implieswhichofthefollowing?

3.TheauthorofthepassagebasesherassertionthatStrozziisoneoftheveryfewseventeenth-centuryItalianwomencomposersonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.TheauthorofthepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasmostessentialtothesuccessofbothFrancescaCacciniandBarbaraStrozzi?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingmadeBarbaraStrozzi“asomewhatanomalousfigure”EXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsuniquelyprivatecharacter

B.itsinfluenceonFrancescaCaccini

C.thescarcityofseventeenth-centurywomencomposers

D.theunconventionalityofitsforms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthordoubtsthehistoricalauthenticityofthequotationthatfollows.

B.Theauthordoubtstheaccuracyofthefactssheisreporting.

C.Theauthordisagreeswiththejudgmentsheisdiscussing.

D.TheauthordoesnotbelievethatStrozzi9smusichasthequalitiescitedinthequotation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Publicrecognitionisanindispensablepartofacareerasacomposer.

B.StrozziandCacciniwereinfluencedbythesamecomposers.

C.Themusicofanywomancomposerwhomherseventeenth-centurycontemporariesregardedasnoteworthywouldbeknowntomodemscholars.

D.Thecantatatraditionofthemed-seventeenthcenturyincludescomposersscholarsandperformersofmadrigalsandariasaswellascantatas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheirpresenceinVeniceatatimewhenvocalmusicnourished.

B.Theirearlyfirsthandexposuretomusicandmusicians.

C.Thelackofcompetitionfromothercomposers.

D.Thepopularityofmadrigalsandcantatasinseventeenth-centuryItaly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.shewasawomancomposerduringtheseventeenthcentury

B.shedidnotwritedramaticworksforvoice

C.shedidnotperformoperaticworks

D.shewrotemovingvocalworks

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到這一歷史上的與眾不同在本世紀(jì)初吸引了人們對她作品的關(guān)注，而這時(shí)大多數(shù)和她同時(shí)代的男性作曲家，甚至任何時(shí)代的女性作曲家的作品，仍然相對被忽視（Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored），由此可知她的作品之所以吸引別人的關(guān)注是因?yàn)樗髌返呐c眾不同，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到對她風(fēng)格的欣賞受到了主流傳統(tǒng)的限制，局限于對其女性化特質(zhì)的孤立：自發(fā)性、精致的優(yōu)雅、絕妙的品味（Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste”），由此可知作者并不贊成這種觀點(diǎn)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句話提到她是十七世紀(jì)意大利眾多詠嘆調(diào)和大合唱作曲家中唯一知名的女性，而且她是那個(gè)時(shí)期為數(shù)不多的從事作曲家事業(yè)并獲得一定程度的公眾認(rèn)可的女性之一（sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到芭芭拉很早就接觸了威尼斯音樂和文學(xué)社會(huì)（Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety），接著提到了成功的意大利女性作曲家卡西尼從嬰兒時(shí)期就接觸音樂（Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，除了選項(xiàng)A“她是17世紀(jì)女作曲家”不是她不尋常的原因外，其他三項(xiàng)都是。

14.單選題

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly_______theirtrainers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】imitating模仿,效法;condoning寬恕,赦免;instructing指導(dǎo),教;acknowledging承認(rèn),答謝。句意：一些人類學(xué)家聲稱,一些猿類已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了基本的手語,但持懷疑態(tài)度的人認(rèn)為,猿類只是在模仿它們的馴獸師。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

PresidentBushcametohisparent’scentury-oldsummerhomeontheMainecoastforalittlerelaxation,adistantcousin'sweddingandsomefamilytime.However,severalhundredanti-wardemonstrators()onhisvisit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intruded

B.invaded

C.intwined

D.inturned

【答案】A

【解析】intrudeon打擾，侵?jǐn)_；invade侵略，侵犯；intwine盤繞，纏繞；inturned內(nèi)彎的。句意：布什總統(tǒng)來到他父母位于緬因州海岸的百年避暑別墅，來放松一下，參加一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)房表親的婚禮，并與家人共度時(shí)光。然而，數(shù)百名反戰(zhàn)示威者侵?jǐn)_了他的觀光。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotiveassemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhowever,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries（）.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat（）.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestortoshowthateducationemerged（）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isconventionaldowngraded

B.hasbeenoverestimated

C.issubjecttogroundlessdoubts

D.hasfallenvictimofbias

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganize

B.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

C.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

D.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

C.C.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

D.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.followedimprovedproductivity

B.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

C.resultsdirectlyfromthecompetitiveenvironments

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者在第一段中認(rèn)為教育在貧窮國家的重要性……”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國家經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的最高優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)之一，這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的”(however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong)，由此可知貧窮國家教育的重要性被高估了，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“日本和美國勞動(dòng)力的一個(gè)主要區(qū)別是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明豐田、尼桑和本田位于美國的工廠的生產(chǎn)率大約是日本同行的95%（YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts），由此可以推測出日本的生產(chǎn)率比美國的要高，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者引用我們祖先的例子來說明教育的出現(xiàn)……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“我們懷疑，即使政府不強(qiáng)迫，持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長也會(huì)促進(jìn)教育的發(fā)展”(Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit)；當(dāng)我們的祖先還在狩獵和采集的時(shí)候，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時(shí)間去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出現(xiàn)，是因?yàn)椴恍枰?dān)心食物的問題，選項(xiàng)B“人們不再挨餓”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章最后一段可知教育的發(fā)展……”。文章最后一段的第一句提到隨著教育的進(jìn)步，人類的生產(chǎn)潛力也增加了(Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell),選項(xiàng)A“伴隨生產(chǎn)力的提升”符合題意。

17.單選題

Thelawyerpromisedtogotogreattodefendhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lengths

B.measures

C.efforts

D.endeavors

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)lengthsn.長度（指距離，時(shí)間）；B選項(xiàng)measuresn.方法，對策；C選項(xiàng)effortsn.努力；D選項(xiàng)endeavorn.努力，盡力。gotogreatlengths表示“竭盡全力；不遺余力”，因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。句意：律師向他保證會(huì)竭盡全力為他辯護(hù)。

18.單選題

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she______thedoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)seemeat沒有這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，B項(xiàng)setsb.off“使某人開始做某事”，C項(xiàng)sendsb.to“把某人送到某地”，D項(xiàng)showsb.tothedoor“把某人送到門口”。結(jié)合句子的意思可知D項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：當(dāng)我向她說再見時(shí)，她把我送到門口。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Ididn’tknowwheretosendthis______letter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.registered

B.maid

C.mail

D.male

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)registered“（信或包裹）掛號的”；B選項(xiàng)maid“女仆”；C選項(xiàng)mail“郵件，信件”；D選項(xiàng)male“男性的”。句意：我不知道該把這封______信寄到哪里。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是寄信，橫線處修飾letter，A選項(xiàng)registered“（信或包裹）掛號的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestationauniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasier