考研考博-英語-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)科技學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)科技學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Manysocialservicesareprovidedby（

）societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.

問題1選項

A.wealthy

B.voluntary

C.helpful

D.spiritual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。wealthy“富有的；充分的”；voluntary“自愿的”；helpful“有幫助的；有益的”；spiritual“精神的；心靈的”。句意：很多社團自愿組織提供很多社會福利事業(yè)，并不期望任何物質(zhì)報酬。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite（）.

問題1選項

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：盡管有好幾百張試卷,但我可以毫不猶豫地找出他的試卷,因為他的筆跡很獨特。選項C符合語境。

3.單選題

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalf-hournap（

）me.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我下班回家的時候累極了，但半小時的小睡又使我振作起來。

動詞辨析。revive（使）蘇醒，復活;release釋放;relieve緩解，減輕;recover康復。A項符合句意。

4.單選題

Thediscussionquickly（）intoanangryargument.

問題1選項

A.deteriorated

B.aggravated

C.increase

D.declined

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項deteriorate“惡化”，B項aggravate“加重、激怒”，C項increase“提高”，D項decline“拒絕”；句意：這場討論迅速演變成憤怒的爭吵。因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Psychologistshaveknownforalongtimethateconomistsarewrong.Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.Theyknowbecauseoftheultimatumgame,theoutcomeofwhichisoftentherejectionoffreemoney.

Inthisgame,oneplayerdividesapotofmoneybetweenhimselfandanother.Theotherthenchooseswhethertoaccepttheoffer.Ifherejectsit,neitherplayerbenefits.Anddespitetheinstinctsofclassicaleconomics,astingy(小氣的)offer(onethatislessthanaboutaquarterofthetotal)is,indeed,usuallyrejected.Thequestionis,why?

Oneexplanationoftherejectioniststrategyisthathumanpsychologyisadaptedforrepeatedinteractionsratherthanone-offtrades.Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.Andindeed,whenone-offultimatumgamesareplayedbytrainedeconomists,whoknowallthis,theydotendtoacceptstingyoffersmoreoftenthanotherpeoplewould.Buteventheyhavetheirlimits.Tothrowsomelightonwhythoselimitsexist,TerenceBurnhamofHarvardUniversityrecentlygatheredagroupofstudentsofmicroeconomicsandaskedthemtoplaytheultimatumgame.Allofthestudentsherecruitedweremen.

Dr.Burnham’sresearchbudgetrantoabunchof$40games.Whentherearemanyroundsintheultimatumgame,playerslearntosplitthemoneymoreorlessequally.ButDr.Burnhamwasinterestedinagameofonlyoneround.Inthisgame,whichtheplayersknewinadvancewasfinalandcouldthusnotaffectfutureoutcomes,proposerscouldchooseonlybetweenofferingtheotherplayer$25(i.e.morethanhalfthetotal)or$5.Responderscouldacceptorrejecttheofferasusual.Thoseresultsrecorded,Dr.Burnhamtooksaliva(唾液)samplesfromallthestudentsandcomparedthetestosteronelevelsassessedfromthosesampleswithdecisionsmadeintheone-roundgame.

AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.Fiveofthesevenmenwiththehighesttestosteronelevelsinthestudyrejecteda$5ultimateofferbutonlyoneofthe19othersmadethesamedecision.

WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.Theywouldratheracceptlessthemselvesthanseearivalgetahead.Thatislikelytobeparticularlytrueinindividualswithhightestosteronelevels,sincethathormoneiscorrelatedwithsocialdominanceinmanyspecies.

Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.

1.Accordingtothepassage,psychologistsaredifferentfromeconomistsinthat______.

2.Inthethirdparagraph,thesentence“Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.”meansthat______.

3.TheresultofDr.Burnham’sstudyintheone-roundgameplayersshowsthat______.

4.ThepointDr.Burnhamhasconcludedfromhisstudyisthat______.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthebehaviorofrejectingalowoffermentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theythinkanyfinancialgainisworthlessifitcouldnotguaranteetheultimatumgame

B.theyunderstandhoweconomistsarewrongbyprovingtrivialfinancialgaincouldbeignored

C.theybelievethatitisnecessarytorejectsometrivialgainstogetbiggerones

D.theyhaveknownforalongtimethatfromtheperspectiveofpsychology,financialgainsarenotworthpursuing

問題2選項

A.takinganuncompromisingattitudeatthebeginningwilllosemoreinthefutureroundsofthegame

B.peoplewhoarenotsocalculatingatthebeginningwillgetgoodreturnsintheend

C.peoplewhoareselflesswillgetmoreintheend

D.takingatoughlineatthebeginningwillpaymorecostinthefuturegame

問題3選項

A.menwithhightestosteronelevelsareusuallymoremotivatedtorejectbythelowoffer

B.thefacttestosteroneiscloselyconnectedwithsocialdominanceprovespeoplecouldhardlyseearivalgoahead

C.menwithhightestosteronearemorelikelytorejectthetenetsofclassicaleconomics

D.menwithhightestosteronepaymoreattentiontotherelativegains

問題4選項

A.moneyisirrelevantwhenpeopleseekforreproductiveopportunities

B.peopleprefernon-financialwaystofulfilltheirpurposeofgainingsocialstatus

C.whatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity

D.thedefinitionofrationalityisdifferentbetweenthefieldsofeconomicsandpsychology

問題5選項

A.Thiskindofbehaviorisirrationalasmatteroffact.

B.Thiskindofbehaviorpaysmoreattentiontothesocialstatusratherthanmoney.

C.Thiskindofbehaviorcouldbringdesirablereproductiveopportunities.

D.Thiskindofbehaviorisrationalfromalongview.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.（大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學家——至少是那些持傳統(tǒng)觀點的經(jīng)濟學家——相信任何經(jīng)濟收益，無論多么小，都值得擁有。但心理學家知道這不是真的。），說明心理學家和經(jīng)濟學家的分歧在于心理學家看到的是最終的結(jié)果，而經(jīng)濟學家注重的是切實的利潤，心理學家認為并不是所有的小利益都要去追求，可以舍小取大。因此C選項“他們認為有必要拒絕一些小收益以獲得更大的收益”正確。A選項“他們認為任何經(jīng)濟利潤如果不能保證最后獲勝就是沒有用的”，原文沒有說不能保證最后獲勝的經(jīng)濟利潤是沒用的，所以A錯誤。B選項“通過證明小的經(jīng)濟利潤可以被忽略，他們認為經(jīng)濟學家們是錯誤的”，小的經(jīng)濟利潤可以被忽略這一點沒有被證明，所以B錯誤。D選項“他們知道長久以來，從心理學的角度來看，經(jīng)濟利潤是不值得去追求的”，由原文可知，不值得追求的是小收益，而不是經(jīng)濟利潤，所以D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二、三句Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.（在這種情況下，在一開始采取如果是自我犧牲的強硬的路線會在未來的游戲中獲得好處。因此，在一次性游戲中，拒絕吝嗇的報價只是大戰(zhàn)略中的一步棋。），說明如果拒絕吝嗇的出價會是更大策略中的一步，也就是說一開始不要貪得所有的大小利益，而是要有長遠的眼光，這樣才能取得更大的收益。因此D選項“一開始就采取強硬態(tài)度的人在未來的游戲中會付出更多的代價”正確。A選項“從一開始就采取強硬的態(tài)度會在未來幾輪的游戲中失去得更多”，B選項“那些從一開始就不是很計較的人最后可以獲得好的收益”，C選項“無私的人最終會得到更多”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.（正如他在《英國皇家學會學報》上所描述的那樣，拒絕較低最終報價的應答者的睪丸激素水平比接受報價的應答者的平均水平高出50%以上。），說明睪丸激素水平較高的人更注重相對利潤而不是眼前的利益。因此D選項“睪丸激素水平高的人更關(guān)注相對收益”正確。A選項“睪丸激素高的人更加有拒絕低報酬的動機”，B選項“睪丸激素和社會優(yōu)勢有著密切的聯(lián)系，這一事實證明了人們很難看到對手領(lǐng)先”，C選項“有較高睪丸激素的人更趨向于拒絕傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟法則”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第一、二句WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.（伯納姆博士的結(jié)果所支持的，是對古典經(jīng)濟學原理的更深程度的拒絕，而不是基于談判技巧的輕微錯誤進化。它支持了人們真正追求的是相對繁榮而不是絕對繁榮的觀點。），說明伯納姆博士最終支持的結(jié)論是更深的對傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟原則的拒絕，人們真正追求的是相對的財富而不是絕對的財富。因此C選項“人們真正追求的是相對繁榮而不是絕對繁榮”正確。A選項“當人們尋求再生機會時，金錢就是無關(guān)緊要的了”，B選項“人們更傾向于用非金錢的方式來實現(xiàn)他們?nèi)〉蒙鐣匚坏哪繕恕?，原文說的是如果另外一條路可以更為直接地導致這種情形，金錢就是不相關(guān)的，所以A,B錯誤。D選項“經(jīng)濟學和心理學對于理性的定義是不一樣的”，原文沒有明確指出理性的定義在兩個學科中是完全不同的，所以D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.（經(jīng)濟學家經(jīng)常認為這種行動是不理智的。實際上這是理智的，只是不同的理智而已。金錢可以買到的只是達到某個目的的方法而已，如社會地位，達到目的便給人們帶來他們想要的不斷再生的機會。如果有另外一條路可以更為直接地達到目的，金錢就是不相關(guān)的。），說明經(jīng)濟學家認為這種行為是不理智的，而實際上是一種理智的行為，心理學家從更高更深的層面來看，金錢只是達到目的的一種手段，而為了達到一定的目的拒絕眼前小的利益是理智的行為。因此D選項“從長遠來看，這種行為是理性的”正確。A選項“這種行為在事實上是不理性的”，B選項“這種行為更注重社會地位而不是金錢”，C選項“這種行為可以帶來期望的再產(chǎn)出機會”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

6.單選題

Theoldparadigmofuniversitiesasself-containedvillagesisbeingshatteredbynewtechnologiesandnewsocietalvalues,accordingtothecontributorstoTheUniversityinTransformation.

Theconventionalwisdomthatittakesasmallvillage—thecollegecampus—toproduceacollegegraduateunderliesthebasicstructureofmostuniversitiestoday.Thismodehaschangedsurprisinglylittlefromthatwhichemerged1,000yearsagoinmedievalEurope,Professorslecture,studentslisten,askquestions,andaretestedonhowwelltheyremembertheirprofessors’words.Butamillenniumlater,timeshavechanged.Likeitornot.Thethousand-year-oldidealofthecampusasavillage-pacedcommunityforscholarship,discussion,andresearchiseroding.Competingmodelsarebeginningtoemerge,incorporatingnewtechnologies,newformsoforganization,andnewsocialgoals.

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday:Forinstance,whyshouldhighereducationcostsomuch,wheninformationnowcanbesoeasilyandcheaplysharedthroughtheInternetandothercomputer-basedtechnologies?Andwhymuststudentsregisterexclusivelyatoneinstitutiontopursueadegree,ratherthanfreelytakecoursesforcreditwhenandwherevertheybestmeettheirownparticularneeds?

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUnity-avoluntarycommunityofscholar/teachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware,producedbyafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent-orotherdangers-willnecessarilyfollow.Countermovementsarealsoatwork.

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchild-careworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”

Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow’suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogramsforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.

51.Aboutthebasicstructureofuniversities,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

52.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,______.

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUniversity?

54.Accordingtothereview,whatshouldbethefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation?

55.Judgingfromthethreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrow’suniversityfaculty,universityteachers______.

問題1選項

A.Olduniversitieswerealwaysinvillages.

B.Thetraditionalidealofcampushasbeenstrengthened.

C.Theconventionalmodelhasradicallychangedinthepastmillennium.

D.Theself-containedparadigmischallengedbynewtechnologiesandvalues.

問題2選項

A.heisinfavorofit

B.hisviewisbalanced

C.heisambivalentaboutit

D.heisstronglycriticalofit

問題3選項

A.Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.

B.Internetbasedcoursesmaybelesscostlythantraditionalones.

C.Internetbasedcoursewaremaylackvarietyincoursecontent.

D.TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.

問題4選項

A.Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.

B.Learninghowtosolvecurrentlocalandsocialproblems.

C.Researchingintosolutionstoprospectiveinternationalproblems.

D.Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.

問題5選項

A.arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch

B.arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents

C.aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties

D.aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】51.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于大學的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，下面哪個陳述是正確的？”。根據(jù)第一段Theoldparadigmofuniversitiesasself-containedvillagesisbeingshatteredbynewtechnologiesandnewsocietalvalues（大學作為自給自足的村莊的舊范式正在被新技術(shù)和新的社會價值觀打破）可知D項“自成一體的范式受到新技術(shù)和價值觀的挑戰(zhàn)”正確。A項“以前的大學總是在農(nóng)村”，該項表述太絕對，文章并沒有提到以前的大學都在農(nóng)村；第二段倒數(shù)第二句提到Thethousand-year-oldidealofthecampusasavillage-pacedcommunityforscholarship,discussion,andresearchiseroding.（一千年來，人們一直認為校園是一個像村莊一樣的學術(shù)、討論和研究的社區(qū)，但這種理想正在逐漸消失）可知B項“傳統(tǒng)的校園理想得到了加強”錯誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句Theconventionalwisdomthatittakesasmallvillage—thecollegecampus—toproduceacollegegraduateunderliesthebasicstructureofmostuniversitiestoday.（傳統(tǒng)觀念認為，只有一個小村莊，即大學校園，才能培養(yǎng)出大學畢業(yè)生，這種觀念構(gòu)成了今天大多數(shù)大學的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）可知C項“傳統(tǒng)模式在過去的千年里發(fā)生了根本性的變化”錯誤。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

52.觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“當書評人討論互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學時，……”。文章第四段講了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學的很多優(yōu)點：suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.（比如容易安排課程，同時高效率地向數(shù)千甚至數(shù)百萬學生提供講座，各地的學生隨時可以獲得世界各大圖書館的資源）；但是接著第五段就講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學帶來的一些弊端：underselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork（會使傳統(tǒng)的紅磚白瓦的實體大學降低學費，從而讓他們迅速退出行業(yè)，并使成千上萬的職業(yè)學者失業(yè)）。結(jié)合上下文語境，書評人并沒有做出自己個人喜好的判斷，所以A項“他是支持的”、C項“他對此有矛盾的態(tài)度”和D項“他強烈批評”可以排除。因此，該題選擇B項“他的觀點是客觀公正的”正確。

53.細節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“以下哪項不被認為是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學的潛在危險？”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork（除了強制實施嚴格的標準化課程外，這種“盒子里的大學教育”可能會會使傳統(tǒng)的紅磚白瓦的實體大學降低學費，從而讓他們迅速退出行業(yè)，并使成千上萬的職業(yè)學者失業(yè)）可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學的潛在危險包括：讓傳統(tǒng)的實體大學的老師失業(yè)，并且互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的課件內(nèi)容是有模板的，缺乏多樣化，另外網(wǎng)絡課程的成本比傳統(tǒng)的課程費用低，所以A項“傳統(tǒng)機構(gòu)的教師可能會失去他們的工作”、B項“基于網(wǎng)絡的課程可能比傳統(tǒng)課程更便宜”和C項“基于網(wǎng)絡的課件內(nèi)容缺乏多樣性”都屬于潛在危險，可以排除；D項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大學可能會做很多宣傳培養(yǎng)教師”文中沒有提到培養(yǎng)老師。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

54.細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)本書評，大學教育的根本使命應該是什么？”。第七段提到了大學教育的使命，第二句提到insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld（大學學生和教授可以把他們的學習和研究工作集中在他們當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和世界上存在的問題上，而不是主要接受技術(shù)培訓和建立他們個人的職業(yè)生涯），由此可以推斷，大學教育的根本使命應該是學習研究如何處理當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和世界上存在的問題，而不是接受技術(shù)培訓和建立他們個人的職業(yè)生涯，所以A項“知識學習和職業(yè)建設(shè)”錯誤；B項“學習如何解決當前當?shù)睾蜕鐣栴}”正確；C項“研究未來國際問題的解決方案”表述與原文不符；D項“在學習中結(jié)合教師和學生的研究努力”這屬于完成使命中的過程，而不是使命的目標。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

55.細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“從未來大學教師的三個新角色來判斷，大學教師……”。文章最后一段提到了大學教師的三個角色，從第二句話Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogramsforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.（有些會充當中介，通過整合和搭配世界各地機構(gòu)的最佳課程，為每個學生量身定制學位-學分課程）可以推斷，大學教師的角色之一是向?qū)W生提供個性化和綜合性的課程，B項“被要求為他們的學生提供更多的課程”表述與原文不相符；第三句提到Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.（第二種類型是導師，其作用與今天的教師顧問很相似，但很可能在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域之外帶更多的學生），可推斷D項“應該用他們的專業(yè)指導更多的學生”也不符合原文；根據(jù)文章最后一句Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.（教師的第三個新角色，在吉德利看來也是最具挑戰(zhàn)性和最有益的角色，將是作為意義的創(chuàng)造者：富有魅力的圣人和實踐者，領(lǐng)導學生和同事團隊共同努力，為具體的現(xiàn)實世界問題找到精神上的、理性的和技術(shù)上的解決方案）可推斷，大學教師的新角色之一就是需要承擔更多的職責，C項“應該承擔更苛刻的職責”符合原文；A項“需要進行更多的獨立研究”在原文中沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

7.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformand

function,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers-usingnon-scientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist'smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking,”nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare（

）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirstpassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothepassage?

5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord“paradoxical”(lines22)mostprobablybecause（

）

6.Accordingtothepassagerandomfailuresinautomaticcontrolsystemsare“notmerelytrivialaberrations”(lines32)because（

）

7.Theauthorusestheexampleoftheearlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsprimarilyto（

）

問題1選項

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists

問題2選項

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecourseindesign

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems

問題3選項

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile-forexample,theengineorthefueltank-hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

D.Thedesignerofanewrefrigeratorshouldconsiderthedesignsofotherrefrigeratorsbeforedecidingonitsfinalform.

問題4選項

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreasedthetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

問題5選項

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.Architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.Engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

D.Thedrawingsneededweresocomplicatedthatevenstudentsinarchitecturalschoolshaddifficultymakingthem.

問題6選項

A.automaticcontrolsystemsaredesignedbyengineerswhohavelittlepracticalexperienceinthefield.

B.thefailuresarecharacteristicofsystemsdesignedbyengineersrelyingtooheavilyonconceptsinmathematics.

C.thefailuresoccurtoooftentobetakenlightly.

D.designersofautomaticcontrolsystemshavetoolittletrainingintheanalysisofmechanicaldifficulties.

問題7選項

A.weakentheargumentthatmodemengineeringsystemshavemajordefectsbecauseofanabsenceofdesigncoursesinengineeringcurricula.

B.supportthethesisthatthenumberoferrorsinmodemengineeringsystemsislikelytoincrease.

C.illustratetheideathatcoursesindesignarethemosteffectivemeansforreducingthecostofdesigningengineeringsystems.

D.supportthecontentionthatalackofattentiontothenonscientificaspectsofdesignresultsinpoorconceptualizationbyengineers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段:InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的發(fā)展過程中，大體上是由非言語思維刻畫了我們物質(zhì)環(huán)境的輪廓并充實了其中的細節(jié)。該句強調(diào)“non-verbalthinking”的重要性。所以B選項‘強調(diào)工程設(shè)計中非語言思維的重要性‘符合題意。

2.根據(jù)題目中的“engineeringcurricula”找到文章的第二段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.因此設(shè)計課程應該成為工程課程中的基本成份?！皊hould”是在該句中意思是“應該做”而實際上確“沒有做”。所以確定A選項‘強調(diào)在設(shè)計中包括的課程‘符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段：InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的發(fā)展過程中，大體上是