考研考博-英語-四川交通職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川交通職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Childrenandoldpeopledonotlikehavingtheirdaily______upset.

問題1選項

A.habit

B.routine

C.practice

D.custom

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.habit習慣B.routine常規(guī)；慣例

C.practice實踐；實際行動D.custom風俗；習俗

【考查點】搭配。

【解題思路】按照句意“孩子和老人不喜歡打亂他們的日常______”，dailyroutine是常見搭配，表示“日常生活，日常工作”，該題選擇B項恰當。

【干擾項排除】

A項habit是可數(shù)名詞，要加s；

C項是指在一個特定的組織或情況下通常的或預期的做法；

D項不符合句意。

【句意】孩子和老人不喜歡打亂他們的日常生活。

2.單選題

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

問題1選項

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。notmorethan不超過，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，僅僅，同樣不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，僅僅。句意：吃過多超出身體需要的營養(yǎng)品并不會使身體更好，就如同給油箱加過多的油來使其快速前進一樣。C項符合題意。

3.單選題

Theoldcouplenowstill（）fortlieirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

問題1選項

A.cherish

B.groan

C.dispense

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在他們心愛的兒子過世三十年后，這對老夫婦現(xiàn)在仍然哀悼他。

考查動詞辨析。cherish珍愛;groan呻吟，抱怨;dispense分配，免除，執(zhí)行；mourn哀悼，憂傷，服喪。根據(jù)句意“在他們心愛的兒子過世三十年后”可知D符合句意。

4.單選題

Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribethe（）inmanyanimalspecies.

問題1選項

A.minimization

B.restriction

C.descent

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危機，表示事態(tài)比較嚴重，所以用衰退來形容許多動物物種最為恰當。選項D正確。

5.單選題

Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformasaplacidsea.

問題1選項

A.calm

B.seedy

C.hilly

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。placid表示“平靜的，溫和的”。A項calm“平靜的，沉著的”，B項seedy“多種子的”，C項hilly“丘陵的，多小山的”，D項fake“偽造的”。句意：從飛機上看，西部大草原的草原幾乎像平靜的大海一樣一成不變。根據(jù)題意該題選A。

6.單選題

Givingagiftcanconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheir（

）andtheimportanceyouplaceupontherelationship.

問題1選項

A.solidarity

B.priority

C.superiority

D.hospitality

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項solidarity“團結”；B選項priority“優(yōu)先”；C選項superiority“優(yōu)越，優(yōu)越性”；D選項hospitality“熱情”，句子的主語是“givingagift贈送禮物”，about介詞，意思是“關于”，根據(jù)空格前后是一個of短語的所有格結構，這里判斷空格部分單詞意思為“熱情，好客”，句意為：贈送禮物能表達你對別人盛情款待的感激之情和你對別人的重視。和選項D意思接近。

7.翻譯題

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)Anewcommittee,setupbytheeditorsofnineprominentmedicaljournals,calledlastweekforgovernmentstotacklescientificmisconductandfraudulentpublicationinamoresystematicway.

“Casesarestillexposedmostlybychance,andweworryaboutthescaleoftheproblem,”saysRichardSmith,editoroftheBritishMedicalJournalandamemberoftheCommitteeonPublicationEthics(COPE),whichisoneofseveralorganizationsinEuropecurrentlylookingintowaystobeefupmechanismstodealwithpublicationmisconduct.(2)COPE,whosemembersincludetheeditorsoftheLancet,Gut,andTheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,invitedmorethan100othereditorsheretodiscussthescopeoftheproblemandhowtodealwithevidenceofmisconductinpublicationssubmittedtothemforreview.Editorsrelatedtheirexperienceswithincidentsincludingtheforgingofsignaturesofpatientsandmembersofethicscommitteesthatmonitorresearchprograms,plagiarismofresearchpublishedinmajorWesternjournalsforrepublicationinEasternEuropeanjournals,publishingreportsofpatientswhocouldbeidentifiedwithouttheirconsent.

(3)Theseincidentsweredescribedwithoutrevealingnamesbecauseofworriesaboutlibellawsandsothatthecareersofwhistleblowerswhobroughtcasestolightwouldnotbejeopardized.

COPE,saysSmith,willpublishalistofreportedcasesofmisconducteachyeartosensitizeeditorstotheproblems.

COPE’seffortsarebeingmatchedbyotherinitiativesinEurope.(4)TheMaxPlanckSociety,Germany’spremierresearchorganization,isalsocarryingoutareviewofproceduresitmayadopttohelpcountermisconduct,andtheresultsarealsoexpectedshortly.AndatthemostrecentmeetingoftheEuropeanheadsofresearchcouncilsinDublinlastmonth,theproblemofscientificmisconductwasatthetopoftheagenda.ThecouncilheadsarelookinginparticularatDanisheffortsthathaveculminatedinanewnationalcommitteeonscientificdishonesty.(5)UnliketheU.S.OfficeofResearchIntegrity,whichcaninvestigatemisconductclaimsonlywhentheyinvolvegovernmentfunds,theDanishcommitteecanworkacrossthescientificspectrum.COPEisalsointerestedintheU.S.andDanishefforts.“Editorscanonlygosofar,”saysKennedy.“Eventuallyyouneedanindependentbodytoinvestigateclaimsfairly.”

【答案】1.由九家著名醫(yī)學雜志的編輯組建的一個新委員會上周呼吁各國政府以一種更系統(tǒng)的方式解決科學不當行為和虛假發(fā)表。

2.COPE的成員包括《柳葉刀》《腸道》和《美國醫(yī)學會雜志》的編輯，邀請了100多名其他編輯在這里討論這個問題的范圍，以及如何處理提交給他們審查的出版物中的不當行為證據(jù)。

3.由于擔心違反誹謗法，這些事件的描述沒有透露姓名，這樣將案件公布于眾的告密者的職業(yè)生涯就不會受到損害。

4.德國首要的研究機構馬克斯?普朗克學會(MaxPlanckSociety)也在對可能采取的幫助打擊不當行為的程序進行審查，結果也將很快公布。

5.美國研究誠信辦公室(OfficeofResearchIntegrity)只有在涉及到政府資金的情況下才能調查不當行為指控，與此不同的是，丹麥委員會可以在整個科學領域開展工作。

8.單選題

Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin（

）computers.

問題1選項

A.abstract

B.obsolete

C.obstinate

D.obese

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項abstract“抽象的，理論上的”；B選項obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時的”；C選項obstinate“固執(zhí)的，頑固的，棘手的”；D選項obese“臃腫的，虛胖的，病態(tài)肥胖的”。原句表示“專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書管理員有方法以其它格式復制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在_____計算機中的資料”，因此B選項符合語境。句意：專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書管理員有方法以其它格式復制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在廢棄計算機中的資料。

9.單選題

Ahealthydietincludeslotsof（

）naturalfoodwithplentyofproteinsandvitamins.

問題1選項

A.indigestible

B.wholesome

C.leftover

D.heavy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。indigestible難消化的；wholesome益于健康的；leftover剩余的，殘留物。句意：健康的飲食包含許多益于健康的純天然食物，這些食物含有豐富的蛋白質和維生素。根據(jù)healthydiet可知空格處應填B，答案B

10.單選題

Manypeoplewhoformerlybackedhimnowhave___abouthisabilitytodothejob.

問題1選項

A.presentations

B.issues

C.reservations

D.likelihoods

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.presentations演講B.issues問題

C.reservations保留意見；疑惑D.likelihoods可能性

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】當back做動詞時，表示支持的意思。空格前who引導一個定語從句修飾manypeople，表示許多以前支持他的人?？崭窈蟊硎緦λ鲞@項工作的能力。此處用了formerly“以前地”，根據(jù)邏輯關系，應該與現(xiàn)在做對比。根據(jù)兩者間邏輯關系，應該是許多以前支持他的人現(xiàn)在對他做這項工作的能力產(chǎn)生了懷疑。C選項reservations保留意見；疑惑，表示對他的工作能力有所保留，可引申為此句所需的邏輯“產(chǎn)生懷疑”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項排除】

A選項presentations“演講”，不符合邏輯；

B選項issues“問題”，指議題，通常比較正式，與政治方面有些關系，很官方；

D選項likelihoods“可能性”，不符合邏輯。

【句意】許多以前支持他的人現(xiàn)在對他的工作能力持保留態(tài)度。

11.單選題

Thefamousartist,whenaskedonthenewsreleaseforhisrecentworks,hissuccesstodiligenceandintelligence（）.

問題1選項

A.contributed

B.attributed

C.devoted

D.dedicated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contributed“有助于，貢獻”；B選項attributed“把……歸因于，歸結”；C選項devoted“獻身于，致力于”；D選項dedicated“把……奉獻給”。句意：這位著名的藝術家在新聞發(fā)布會上被問到他最近的作品時，他把他的成功都歸功于勤奮和聰明。由空格前diligenceandintelligence（勤奮和聰明）以及success（成功）的邏輯關系可知是成功歸因于勤奮和聰明，所以B選項意思正確。因此B選項符合題意。

12.單選題

1.Inthepastfewyears,evenastheUShaspulledoutoftheGreatRecessionof2008,someeconomistsandtechnologistshavewarnedthattheeconomyisnearatippingpoint.Whentheyexaminelabor-marketdata,theyseetroublingsigns,maskedfornowbyacyclicalrecovery.Theyseeautomationhighandlow—robotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter.Theyimagineself-drivingcarsandAmazondeliverydronesdottingthesky,replacingmillionsofdrivers,warehouseStockersandsalesworkers.Theyobservethatthecapabilitiesofmachinescontinuetogrowexponentially,whileourownremainthesame.Andtheywonder:Isanyjobtrulysafe?

2.Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines.Theyimaginethedisappearanceofdrudgeryanditsreplacementbygreaterleisureandalmostlimitlesspersonalfreedom.Ifthecapabilitiesofcomputerscontinuetomultiplywhilethe

priceofcomputingcontinuestofall,thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome.

3.Butthewidespreaddisappearanceofworkwouldopenthewayforasocialtransformationunlikeanywe’veseen.Savingworkmaybemoreimportantthansavinganyparticularjob.IndustriousnesshasservedasAmerica’sunofficialreligionsinceitsfounding.Thesanctityandpreeminenceofworklieattheheartofthecountry’spolitics,economicsandsocialinteractions.Whatmighthappenifworkgoesaway?

4.TheUSlaborforcehasbeenshapedbytechnologicalprogress.Agriculturaltechnologygavebirthtothefarmingindustry,theindustrialrevolutionmovedpeopleintofactories,andthenglobalizationandautomationmovedthembackout,givingrisetoaserviceeconomy.Butthroughallthesechanges,thetotalnumberofjobsalwaysincreased.Whatmaybeloomingisaneraoftechnologicalunemploymentinwhichtheinventionsofcomputerscientistsandsoftwareengineersshrinkthetotalnumberofjobspermanently.

5.Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency.InthemidstoftheGreatDepression,theBritisheconomistJMKeynesforecastthatby2030technologicalprogresswouldallowa15-hourworkweek,andabundantleisure.Butaroundthesametime,USPresidentHooveralsoreceivedaletterwarningthatindustrialtechnologywasa“monster”thatthreatenedtoupendmanufacturing,“devouringourcivilization”.Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape.

6.AccordingtoPeterFrase,theauthorofFourFutures,anewbookabouthowautomationwillchangeAmerica,workisreallythreethingsthemeansbywhichtheeconomyproducesgoods,themeansbywhichpeopleearnincome,andanactivitythatlendsmeaningorpurposetomanypeople’slives.“Wetendtoconfusethesethings,”hetoldme,“becausetodayweneedtopaypeopletokeepthelightson,sotospeak.Butinafutureofabundance,youwouldn’t,andweoughttothinkaboutwaystomakeiteasiernottobeemployed.”

7.Frasebelongstoasmallgroupofwriters,academicsandeconomistswhowelcometheendoflabor.USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake,”saysBenjaminHunnicutt,anotherofthisgroupandahistorianattheUniversityofIowa,“eventhoughmostjobsaren’tveryuplifting.”A2014Gallupreportonworkersatisfactionfoundthatasmanyas70percentofAmericansdon’tfeelengagedbytheircurrentjob.Hunnicutttoldmethatifacashier’sworkwereavideogame,criticsofvideogamesmightcallitmindless.Butwhenit’sa“job”，politicianspraiseitsintrinsicdignity.“Purpose，meaning,creativity,autonomy-allthesethingsthatpsychologyhasshowntobenecessaryforwell-beingareabsentintheaveragejob，”hesaid.

8.Thesethinkersarecertainlyrightaboutsomeimportantthings.Paidlabordoesnotalwayscorrelateneatlywithsocialgood.Raisingchildrenandcaringforthesickareessentialwork,yetthesejobsarecompensatedpoorlyornotatall.Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors:oursenseofpersonalworthcouldcomefromourrelationshipsratherthanfromourcareers.Thepost-workproponentsagreethateveninthebestpost-workscenarios,prideandjealousywillremain,eveninaneconomyofabundance.Butwiththerightgovernmentarrangements,theybelieve,theendofwagelaborwillallowforagoldenageofwell-being.Hunnicuttthinkscollegescouldreemergeasculturalcentersratherthanjob-preparationinstitutions.Thewordschool,hepointedout,comesfromskholetheancientGreekwordfor“l(fā)eisure”.“Weusedtoteachpeoplehowtobefree,”hesaid.“Nowweteachthemhowtowork.”

9.Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople.Fewofthemspendtheirdowntimesocializingwithfriendsortakingupnewhobbies.InsteadtheywatchTVorsleep.Time-usesurveysshowthatjoblesspeopleintheirthirtiesandfortiesdedicatesomeofthetimeoncespentworkingtocleaningandchildcare.Butmeninparticulardevotemostoftheirfreetimetoleisure:watchingtelevision,browsingtheinternet,andsleeping.Retiredseniorswatchabout50hoursoftelevisionaweek.Theunemployedtheoreticallyhavethemosttimetosocialize,yetstudiesshowthattheyfeelthemostsocialisolation.

10.Mostpeoplewanttoworkandaremiserablewhentheycannot.Peoplewholosetheirjobaremorelikelytosufferfrommentalandphysicalailments.“Thereisalossofstatus,ageneraldepressivefeeling,whichaffectsthebodyorthemindorboth,”saysRalphCatalano,apublic-healthprofessoratUCBerkeley.Researchshowsthatitishardertorecoverfromalongperiodofjoblessnessthanfromlosingalovedoneorsufferingalife-alteringinjury.Theverythingsthathelpmanypeoplerecoverfromotheremotionaltraumas~aroutine,anabsorbingdistraction,adailypurpose-arenotreadilyavailabletotheunemployed.

11.ThetransitionfromlaborforcetoleisureforcewouldlikelybeparticularlyhardonAmericans,theworkerbeesoftherichworld:Between1950and2012,annualhoursworkedperworkerfellsignificantlythroughoutEurope—byabout40percentinGermanyandtheNetherlands-butbyonly10percentintheUnitedStates.Wealthier,university-educatedAmericansareworkingmorethantheydid30yearsago,particularlywhenonecountstimeworkingandansweringe-mailathome.

12.In1989,psychologistsconductedafamousstudyofChicagoworkersthatfoundpeopleatworkoftenwishedtheyweresomewhereelse.Butthesesameworkersreportedfeelingbetterintheofficeorattheplantthantheydidelsewhere.Thetwopsychologistscalledthis“theparadoxofwork”：manypeoplearehappiercomplainingaboutjobsthantheyarewithtoomuchleisure.Otherresearchersdescribepeoplearewhousemediatorelaxbutoftenfeelworthlesswhentheyreflectontheirunproductivedowntime.Thepost-workthinkersarguethatAmericansworksohardbecausetheircultureconditionsthemtofeelguiltywhentheyarenotbeingproductive.Theyassertthatthisguiltwillfadeasworkceasestobethenorm--anuntestablehypothesis.Whenaskedwhatsortofmodemcommunitymostresembleshisidealofapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttadmitted,“I’mnotsurethatsuchaplaceexists.”

1.Inparagraph1,the“operatingroom”（

）.

2.Thewritersmentionedinparagraph2.

3.Inparagraph2,theauthorforeseesafuture.（

）

4.InBritainandAmerica,liberationfromworkhaslongbeenregardedas.

5.Theword“agency”inparagraph5（

）.

6.TheauthorofthearticleseemstobelievethatintheUnitedStatesdedicationtoworkfunctionalmostlikewhatinChinesesociety?

7.（

）.

8.Theauthorofthisarticle（

）.

9.Inorderforhumanstobetrulyhappyaswage-payingjobsceasetobeapartoftheirlives,peoplelikeHunnicuttthinkthatwhoserolewillbeespeciallysignificant?

10.Menwithoutjobsandpensionersaremostsimilarinthattheyspendagreatdealoftime（

）

11.Theauthorofthisarticlewouldprobablyagreethatwhowilladjustmostcomfortablytothedisappearanceofconventionaljobs?

問題1選項

A.iswheremanyofthemostadvancedrobotswillbedesigned.

B.servesasanexampleofautomationinahighlyskilledprofessionalfield.

C.ismentionedtoshowhowintimatethecontactofhumansandrobotswillbe.

D.definestheupperlimitofthechangesthatautomationandroboticswillbringtoourdailylives.

問題2選項

A.aresharplycriticalofpeoplewhofeartheriseofrobot.

B.tendtoapproveofautomationbuthavemixedfeelingaboutrobots.

C.viewautomationandroboticsprimarilyintermsoftheirimpactontheeconomy.

D.tendtoviewtheadvanceofautomationandroboticsinaratheroptimisticlight.

問題3選項

A.ofrisingincomesforpeoplegenerally.

B.ofdramaticallyhigherincomesforalimitednumberofpeople.

C.withdecliningwealthandfallingincomesforaminorityofthepopulation.

D.inwhichthedirectionofeconomicdevelopmentiscompletelyunclear.

問題4選項

A.apurelypositivedevelopment.

B.asimpleconsequenceoftechnicalchange,tobeacceptedcalmly.

C.bothdesirableandthreatening.

D.theroadtorapideconomicandmoralruinforhumanity.

問題5選項

A.referstoourabilityandwilltodetermineourownindividuallives.

B.suggeststhatwithoutjobswewillbecomelazyandirresponsible.

C.referstothecompaniesthatemploymosthumanbeingsintoday’sworld.

D.functionsasasynonymof“income”.

問題6選項

A.Devotiontofamily.

B.DedicationtoGod.

C.Loveofmoney.

D.Devotiontoclosefriends.

問題7選項

A.ishopefulthatautomationwillenableustomakejobstrulyuplifting.

B.thinksthatpeoplewholookdownonvideogamesprobablydon’tenjoyworking.

C.isoftheopinionthatthejobsmostAmericanshavearefarsillierthanvideogames.

D.believesthatAmericanstendtooverestimatethepositivenon-economicvalueofhavingajob.

問題8選項

A.consistentlyrejectstheopinionsofthewriterswholookforwardtoapost-worksociety.

B.tendstoagreewiththeirassessmentofthegenuinevalueofjobsinUSsocietytoday.

C.thinksthathowmodemAmericanswithoutjobsmostoftenbehaveprovideslittlesupportfortheirarguments.

D.thinksthatthetendenciesobservableinthebehaviorofmodemAmericanswithnojobssupportstheirargumentsfairlywell.

問題9選項

A.Thatofsocialpsychologists.

B.Thestates.

C.Thatofeducators,especiallyattheuniversitylevel.

D.Thefamily’s.

問題10選項

A.socializing.

B.watchingtelevision.

C.practicinghobbies.

D.online.

問題11選項

A.Chicagoan.

B.Americanswithuniversitydegrees.

C.Europeans.

D.Male.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Theyseeautomationhighandlowrobotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter。他們可以從高端和低端領域看到自動化的存在一一在操作間以及在快餐柜臺的后邊”，由此我們可知operatingroom應該是自動化在高端低端領域的運用，因此選擇B項(作為自動化在高技術專業(yè)領域的實例)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines(科幻作家有時候期待工作場地被機器所替代)?？芍麄儗τ谧詣踊蜋C器人技術是持積極的態(tài)度,因此選D項(傾向于樂觀地看待自動化和機器人技術的進步)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:...thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome(…這意味著許多生活必需品和奢侈品將變得越來越便宜，這對一些人來說是一筆財富)。因此選B項(作者預見將來對于某些人來說收入劇增)。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞BritainandAmerica和liberation定位至第五段:Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape(這些希望與擔憂在20世紀60年代是如此急促地回現(xiàn)，當時正值計算機技術改革的時候),因此選C項（既渴望又感受到威脅）。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段:Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency(人們一邊希望機器使我們擺脫勞役,一邊恐懼機器會奪走我們的代理權)。

6.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段:Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors(把工作放到次要的社會，人們可能會把更多的時間用于照顧家庭和鄰里上來),可知中國社會應該是“投入到家庭中”的社會,故選A。

7.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞BenjaminHunnicutt定位至第七段:USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake(美國社會有一種“為了工作而工作”的非理性信仰)。故選D:認為美國人傾向于高估工作帶來的非經(jīng)濟方面的正面價值。

8.態(tài)度方向題。題目跟選項給出的是作者的觀點態(tài)度。需要綜合全文理解。根據(jù)文中第九段第一句Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople“亨尼科特的觀點與目前世界上失業(yè)的人所經(jīng)歷的不一樣”可知選項C“當代失業(yè)的美國人經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)出來的行為并不能支撐他們的論點”相符，而與選項D“對于所觀察到的美國失業(yè)人員的行為趨勢相當完美地支撐了他們的觀點”相矛盾。選項A“一直反對期待把工作放到次要地位的作者的觀點”不準確,因為文章作者還是肯定了其存在某些方面的好處；根據(jù)第七段Purpose,meaning,creativity,autonomyallthesethingsthatpsychologyhasshowntobenecessaryforwell-beingareabsentintheaveragejob“目標、意義、創(chuàng)新、自主一一所有這些在心理學家看來對于幸福生活必備的因素，但是在一般的工作中缺失”與選項B“傾向于同意他們對于當今美國社會工作真正價值的評估”相矛盾。故本題正確答案為C。

9.細節(jié)事實題。定位至第八段:Butwiththerightgovernmentarrangements,theybelieve,theendofwagelaborwillallowforagoldenageofwell-being(但是他們相信在政府的正確安排之下，停止雇傭勞動力將會迎來幸福生活的黃金時代),由此可見政府起著關鍵作用。

10.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞menwithoutjobs定位至第九段:Fewofthem

spendtheirdowntimesocializingwithfriendsortakingupnewhobbies.InsteadtheywatchTVorsleep(他們中很少有人花時間和朋友交往或從事新的愛好。相反，他們看電視或睡覺)。故選B。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位至第十一段:Between1950and2012，annualhoursworkedperworkerfellsignificantlythroughoutEuropebyabout40percentinGermanyandtheNetherlandsbutbyonly10percentintheUnitedStates(從1950年到2012年，在整個歐洲，每個工人的年工作時間大幅下降，德國和荷蘭下降了40%，而美國僅下降了10%)。由此可知歐洲人對于傳統(tǒng)工作的消失能更好地適應。

13.單選題

Thistransformationismarkedbyseveraldevelopments.Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal,thereareunfoldingwithin（1）boundariesandtypicallyarebeingfoughtbymultiplesemi-autonomousarmedgroups.Theseconflictsare（2）byaparticularbrandoflawlessness,crueltyandchaos.Inparticular,theyaredefinedbythesystematicandwidespreadtargetingofcivilian（3）.（4）thesesituations,warringpartiesroutinelyignoreinternationalhumanitarianlaw,whichhastraditionallymoderated,ifnotgoverned,theconductofinter-state（5）.

Theseconflictstendtobeprotracted,lasting（6）ifnotdecades,ofteninrecurring（7）,thusexposingsuccessivegenera（8）soldiers.Anotherfeatureoftheseconflictsistheproliferationoflight-weight（9）thatareeasilyassembledandbornebychildren.Moreoverthe（10）useofanti-personnellandmineshasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildreninthesesituations.

問題1選項

A.national

B.international

C.external

D.internal

問題2選項

A.named

B.characterized

C.labeled

D.called

問題3選項

A.peoples

B.person

C.men

D.populations

問題4選項

A.Under

B.On

C.In

D.With

問題5選項

A.wars

B.battles

C.fights

D.disputes

問題6選項

A.months

B.years

C.hours

D.days

問題7選項

A.recycles

B.circles

C.cycles

D.loops

問題8選項

A.infant

B.baby

C.children

D.child

問題9選項

A.guns

B.weapons

C.pistols

D.rifles

問題10選項

A.indiscriminate

B.discriminate

C.discriminating

D.discriminated

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項national表示“國家的”，B選項international表示“國際的，世界的”，C選項external表示“外部的，外面的”，D選項internal表示“內部的，國內的”。根據(jù)Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal可知“當今世界，幾乎所有主要的武裝沖突都是內部的”可知，這些沖突不會逾越國家的范疇，因此withinnationalboundaries符合上下文，故本題正確答案為A。

2.考查固定搭配。詞組becharacterizedby表示“具有……的特性；以……為特征”。四個選項中只有B選項可以與by構成搭配，故本題正確答案為B。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，空缺處應填入表示“人們”的名詞且應為復數(shù)，故排除peoples（民族）和表示單數(shù)的person（人）。populations意為各地人口，表示一個群體，比一般意義的men更符合上下文語義，因此本題正確答案選D。

4.考查固定搭配。詞組underthesesituations表示“在這種情形下”。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項wars表示“戰(zhàn)爭”，是總稱，一般包括多個大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)役；B選項battles表示“戰(zhàn)爭，競爭，搏斗”，側重某一次具體全面的戰(zhàn)斗；C選項fights表示“打架，斗爭”，側重描述戰(zhàn)爭的動作；D選項disputes表示“爭論，爭端”，側重意見有分歧。四個選項中disputes“爭端”范圍最廣。因此，本題正確答案為D項。

6.考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)句中關鍵信息decades“數(shù)十年”可知空缺處填years最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B項。

7.考查固定搭配。分析空缺處句子可知，inrecurring是方式狀語，A選項recycles表示“回收，循環(huán)利用”，B選項circles表示“圓，循環(huán)”，C選項cycles表示“周期，循環(huán)”，D選項loops表示“環(huán)形，環(huán)狀結構”。只有C選項可以與in構成詞組incycles，表示“周期性地（發(fā)生）”，而inrecurringcycles表示“重復周期性地（發(fā)生）”。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

8.考查語法結構?？杖碧幪钊氲拿~作soldiers的定語，soldiers為復數(shù)，所以修飾部分的名詞也用復數(shù)，childrensoldiers表示“童子軍”。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析?？杖碧幪钊氲拿~被light-weight（輕型的）所修飾。A選項guns表示“槍，炮”，B選項weapons表示“武器”，C選項pistols表示“手槍”，D選項rifles表示“步槍”。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處并不能確定使用的是哪種槍支，故選擇weapons“武器”表示的范圍最廣。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項indiscriminate表示“任意的，無差別的，不分青紅皂白的”；B選項discriminate表示“v.區(qū)別，辨別”；C選項discriminating表示“不公平對待的，有辨識的”；D選項discriminated表示“受歧視的”。根據(jù)句中關鍵信息hasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildren（加劇了兒童的脆弱性）可知，空缺處選擇A項最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

14.單選題

Agoodteachermustknowhowto（）hisideastothestudents,asgenerallyagreedbyeducationalexperts.

問題1選項

A.display

B.transmit

C.convey

D.illuminate

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞性及搭配。句意：一個好老師必須知道如何把他的想法傳達給學生。傳達思想，想法等用convey，選項C正確。

15.單選題

StudiesofthegravityfieldoftheEarthindicate______yieldwhenunusualweightisplacedonthem.

問題1選項

A.althoughitscrustandmantle

B.itscrustandmantleto

C.thatitscrustandmantle

D.foritscrustandmantleto

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。indicate是謂語，后面接一個賓語從句作賓語，A、B、D選項不符合語法，因此錯誤。句意：對地球引力的研究表明，在不尋常的負荷之下地殼和地幔會發(fā)生位移。因此C項正確。

16.單選題

ItishardtoimaginehowManhattan,boughtfromaNativeAmericantribeforsolittle,（

）vibrantfinancialcommunityinAmerica.

問題1選項

A.couldbecomethemost

B.becomesthemost

C.tobecome

D.oneofthemostassuming

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配題。固定句型Itishardtoimaginehowsb./sth.coulddosth.表示“很難想象某人/某物是怎么做到……”，A選項正確。

17.單選題

Theideologicalmake-upoftheunionsisnow（）differentfromwhatithadbeen.

問題1選項

A.violently

B.severely

C.extremely

D.radically

【答案】D

【解析】violently猛烈地，極端地，激烈地；severely嚴格地，激烈地；extremely極端地，很，非常地；radically根本地，完全地，徹底地。句意：現(xiàn)在工會的意識形態(tài)構成與過去完全相同。選項D符合句意。

18.單選題

Briefly,thefunctionsofamilitarystaffaretoadvisethecommander,transmithisinstructions,（）.

問題1選項

A.alsothesupervisionoftheexecutionofhisdecisions

B.andsupervisingtheexecutionofhisdecisions

C.andsupervisetheexecutionofhisdecisions

D.andhavesupervisionoftheexecutionofhisdecisions

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。and連接意義相關、層次相同、句法功能相同的語法結構，此處空格是和and前的toadvise以及transmit并列，因此C選項正確。

19.單選題

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnoldarboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasarboretumdirectorJan.1hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceMonday(Jan.10)，until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.

Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin’sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman’stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin’sEvolutionistAncestors，”tookplaceatthearboretum’sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin’swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies”.Althoughthebookrunsmo