考研考博-英語-四川外國語大學(xué)重慶南方翻譯學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川外國語大學(xué)重慶南方翻譯學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Japanesefirmshaveachievedthehighestlevelsofmanufacturingefficiencyintheworldautomobileindustry.SomeobserversofJapanhaveassumedthatJapanesefirmsusethesamemanufacturingequipmentsandtechniquesasUnitedStatesfirms,buthavebenefitedfromtheuniquecharacteristicsofJapaneseemployeesandtheJapaneseculture.However,ifthisweretrue,thenonewouldexpectJapaneseautoplantsintheUnitedStatestoperformnobetterthanfactoriesrunbyUnitedStatescompanies.Thisisnotthecase.Japanese-runautomobileplantslocatedintheUnitedStatesandstaffedbylocalworkershavedemonstratedhigherlevelsofproductivitywhencomparedwithfactoriesownedbyUnitedStatescompanies.

OtherobserverslinkhighJapaneseproductivitytohigherlevelsofcapitalinvestmentperworker.Butahistoricalperspectiveleadstoadifferentconclusion.WhenthetwotopJapaneseautomobilemakersmatchedandthendoubledUnitedStatesproductivitylevelsinthemid-sixties,capitalinvestmentperemployeewascomparabletothatofUnitedStatesfirms.Furthermore,bythelateseventies,theamountoffixedassetsrequiredtoproduceonevehiclewasroughlyequivalentinJapanandintheUnitedStates.SincecapitalinvestmentwasnothigherinJapan,ithadtobeotherfactorsthatledtohigherproductivity.

AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively:theymadecriticalchangesinUnitedStatesprocedures.Forinstance,themass-productionphilosophyofUnitedStatesautomakersencouragedtheproductionofhugelotsofcarsinordertoutilizefullyexpensive,component-specificequipmentandtooccupyfullyworkerswhohavebeentrainedtoexecuteoneoperationefficiently.Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespractices,includingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs.Automakerscouldscheduletheproductionofdifferentcomponentsormodelsonsinglemachines,therebyeliminatingtheneedtostorethebufferstocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofJapaneseautomobileworkers?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?

4.Whatistheproblemthatisassociatedwiththeproductionofhugelotsofcarsiswhichofthefollowing?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbyinformationstatedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.presentthemajorstepsofaprocess

B.clarifyanambiguity

C.chronicleadispute

D.correctmisconceptions

問題2選項

A.TheirproductivitylevelsdidnotequalthoseofUnitedStatesautomobileworkersuntilthelateseventies.

B.Theirhighefficiencylevelsareadirectresultofculturalinfluences.

C.Theyoperatecomponent-specificmachinery.

D.Theyaretrainedtodomorethanonejob.

問題3選項

A.Atopicalthemeispresentedfollowedbysupportingexamples.

B.Opposingviewsarepresented,classifiedandthenreconciled.

C.Afactisstated,andanexplanationisadvancedandthenrefuted.

D.Atheoryisproposed,consideredandthenamended.

問題4選項

A.Theneedtomanufactureflexiblemachineryandequipment

B.Theneedtostoreextracomponentsnotrequiredforimmediateuse

C.Theneedforexpensivetrainingprogramsforworkers,whichemphasizethedevelopmentoffacilityinseveralproductionjobs.

D.Theneedtoalterconventionalmass-productionprocesses

問題5選項

A.JapaneseandUnitedStatesautomakersdifferintheirapproachtoproductionprocesses.

B.Japaneseautomakershaveperfectedtheuseofsingle-functionequipment.

C.JapaneseautomakersinvestmorecapitalperemployeethandoUnitedStatesautomakers.

D.UnitedStates-ownedfactoriesabroadhavehigherproductionlevelsthandoJapaneseownedplantsintheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章開頭提出了話題:在世界汽車行業(yè)中日本公司的生產(chǎn)效率最高。第一段、第二段分別探討了針對此話題的兩種觀點并一一駁斥。第三段再提出正確觀點。因此，D項“更正錯誤的想法”比較能概括文章目的。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespractices,includingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs(日本汽車制造商選擇通過引入幾項與美國不同的做法，使小批量生產(chǎn)成為可能，包括使用靈活的設(shè)備，這些設(shè)備可以很容易地改變，以完成幾項不同的生產(chǎn)任務(wù)，并培訓(xùn)從事多種工作的工人)，因此，D項“他們（即日本汽車工人）被培訓(xùn)去做不止一項工作”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。第一段先陳述事實:日本企業(yè)在世界汽車企業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率中達到最高水平，隨后針對這個事實進行解釋，最后反駁:情況不是這樣。因此，C項“陳述一個事實；接著進行解釋，然后進行反駁”正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:therebyeliminatingtheneedtostorethebufferstocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive(從而消除了去儲存額外部件緩沖庫存的需要，而該需求產(chǎn)生于特定的設(shè)備和工人被保持不斷工作時)。因此，B項“需要儲存不被立刻需要的額外部件”正確。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively:theymadecriticalchangesinUnitedStatesprocedures(一個更有成效的解釋可能在于日本人的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。日本汽車生產(chǎn)商并沒有簡單地更有效地實施傳統(tǒng)流程：他們在美國的做法上進行了重大的變革)，由此可知A項“日本和美國汽車制造商在他們的生產(chǎn)流程上有差異”正確。

2.單選題

問題1選項

A.Animalabuseorcruelty.

B.Theevolutionofanimals.

C.Thehistoryofanimalhunting.

D.Anendangeredanimalspecies.

【答案】D

【解析】2.W:TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.

M:Mygreatgrandfatherwasahunter,andheusedtohuntSiberiantigers.Ireallywishhehadn’t.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：這兩個人在談?wù)撌裁?？由文中“TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.（西伯利亞虎是現(xiàn)存最大的貓科動物。不幸的是，現(xiàn)在只有幾百只還活著。）”，可知他們在談?wù)摰氖恰盀l臨滅絕的野生動物”，所以D選項“Anendangeredanimalspecies（一種瀕臨滅絕的動物）”符合原文。A選項“殘酷的虐待動物”；B選項“動物的進化”；C選項“動物狩獵的歷史”不符合原文。

3.單選題

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

問題1選項

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

問題2選項

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

問題3選項

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

問題4選項

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

問題5選項

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.（根據(jù)一項新的研究，男人和女人的想法確實不同，至少在大腦解剖方面是這樣。），可知男女在大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上不同，所以D選項“男性大腦和女性大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)不同”正確。A選項“大腦是一個整體器官”：文章沒有單獨提出來，故錯誤。B選項“智力能力取決于大腦的哪一部分被使用了”，C選項“男人和女人的智力不同”：根據(jù)第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（這項新研究表明，男性用灰質(zhì)思考更多，而女性用白質(zhì)思考更多。研究人員強調(diào)，僅僅因為男女思維方式不同，并不會影響智力表現(xiàn)。），可知男女的智力沒有不同，也不會因為使用大腦方式的不同而產(chǎn)生智力差距，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

22.事實細節(jié)。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明……通過精確定位這些基于性別的智能區(qū)域，這項研究有可能幫助研究癡呆和其他大腦認知障礙疾病。），可知這個對大腦結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實意義是可以用來幫助治療大腦認知障礙的疾病，所以A選項“在處理影響思維過程的疾病時，有必要了解大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)”正確。B選項“它表明男人和女人是同樣聰明的”和C選項“它表明男人和女人在整體上同樣聰明，但思考方式不同”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.（他們的研究結(jié)果顯示，總體而言，男性與智力有關(guān)的灰質(zhì)是女性的近6.5倍，而女性與智力有關(guān)的白質(zhì)是男性的近10倍。），這表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一樣，故錯誤。D選項“許多大腦疾病跟特定性別或其他因素有關(guān)”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人腦中，灰質(zhì)代表著信息處理中心，而白質(zhì)則負責(zé)將這些處理中心連接起來。），可知灰質(zhì)用來處理信息，所以B選項“用來處理信息”正確，A選項“有助于將來自大腦不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白質(zhì)的功能，故錯誤。C選項“男人的大腦中沒有那么多”：根據(jù)第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen（男性與智力有關(guān)的灰質(zhì)是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰質(zhì)更多，故錯誤。D選項“大腦灰質(zhì)的數(shù)量和數(shù)學(xué)能力之間有直接的關(guān)系”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化處理的任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)得更好，比如數(shù)學(xué)），用灰質(zhì)思考更多的男性在數(shù)學(xué)方面表現(xiàn)更好，不代表灰質(zhì)數(shù)量和數(shù)學(xué)的直接關(guān)系，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills（女性在整合和吸收來自大腦分布灰質(zhì)區(qū)域的信息方面表現(xiàn)得更好，這有助于語言技能），這里沒有表明白質(zhì)和語言能力的直接關(guān)系，所以C選項“腦白質(zhì)的數(shù)量和語言能力之間有直接的關(guān)系”不符合文章意思，正確。A選項“女性比男性擁有更多”：根據(jù)第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen（女性與智力有關(guān)的白質(zhì)是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故錯誤。B選項“是用來把來自大腦不同部位的信息放在一起”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人腦中，灰質(zhì)代表著信息處理中心，而白質(zhì)則負責(zé)將這些處理中心連接起來。），可知符合文章意思，故錯誤。D選項“腦白質(zhì)的數(shù)量與整體智力沒有直接關(guān)系”：根據(jù)第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（這項新研究表明，男性用灰質(zhì)思考更多，而女性用白質(zhì)思考更多。研究人員強調(diào)，僅僅因為男女思維方式不同，并不會影響智力表現(xiàn)。），可知腦白質(zhì)數(shù)量和智力沒有直接關(guān)系，符合文章意思，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.（這項研究還揭示了為什么不同類型的頭部損傷對男性或女性更具災(zāi)難性。），可知頭部受傷對男女的影響可能不同，所以C選項“根據(jù)性別不同，頭部受傷可能有不同的影響”正確。B選項“男人和女人有不同的額葉”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.（例如，女性額葉中84%的灰質(zhì)區(qū)域和86%的白質(zhì)區(qū)域與智力活動有關(guān)，而男性的額葉中這兩個區(qū)域的比例分別為45%和零。），這里說的是男女額葉在灰質(zhì)與白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的不同，而不是說男女額葉本身的不同，故錯誤。A選項“男性和女性一樣聰明”和D選項“這項研究將對其他科學(xué)家有用”：最后一段沒有提到，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Therehavebeenseveralattemptstointroducegayercolorsandstylesinmen’sclothing,butnoneofthem（）.

問題1選項

A.hascaughton

B.hascaughthimout

C.hascaughtup

D.takeroots

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項原形是catchon“理解，明白，變得流行”；B選項原形是catchout“發(fā)現(xiàn)……有錯誤”；C選項原形是catchup“趕上”；D選項takeroots“生根，扎根”。句意“曾有幾次嘗試在男裝中引入更鮮艷的顏色和風(fēng)格，但都沒有流行起來”。選項A符合語境。

5.單選題

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It'schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfood,expertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspiritMotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece.ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearthChickensgotanotherboostintheBookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.

ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken'srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

HerbookTheWholeWorldLovesChickenSouplooksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.Throughouttheages,shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweakwomenandtheill.”

Inaddition,“soups,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon,”areconsidered"comfortfoods"Sheratonsaid,“IlovesoupandIlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder,”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.

TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51%ofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50%saiditwasversatile,41%saiditwaseconomicaland46%saiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensouphasbeen（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（

）.

問題1選項

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.HistoryoftheChickenSoup

問題2選項

A.widelyacknowledged

B.over-estimated

C.appreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.knownonlytomothers

問題3選項

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

問題4選項

A.apopularfood

B.amaindish

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第二段“FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.從俄羅斯的村莊到非洲和亞洲，雞湯一直是那些身體和精神虛弱的人的良藥。母親們把她們的知識傳給了古希臘，中國和羅馬的作家，甚至12世紀的哲學(xué)家和醫(yī)生摩西?邁蒙尼德都贊美它的優(yōu)點。”全文都在贊頌雞湯的治愈力。答案B。其他選項不能體現(xiàn)文章主旨。

第2題:推理判斷題。由第一段以及第二段“FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit…MosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.從俄羅斯的村莊到非洲和亞洲，雞湯一直是那些身體和精神虛弱的人的良藥。母親們把她們的知識傳給了古希臘，中國和羅馬的作家，甚至12世紀的哲學(xué)家和醫(yī)生摩西?邁蒙尼德都贊美它的優(yōu)點?！笨芍u湯的價值流傳已久，廣為人知。故A項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。從文章第三段“Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.亞里士多德認為家禽應(yīng)該比四條腿的動物站得更高，因為空氣的密度比地球小?！边@只是亞里士多德的猜想，并非事實，故C項內(nèi)容錯誤。答案C

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。從最后一段可知，調(diào)查表明雖然人們購買雞肉的原因不同，但卻側(cè)面說明雞肉是一種受歡迎的食物。C和D不符合常識，B項文中未提及。答案A

6.單選題

（

）eatriceratherthanpotatoes.

問題1選項

A.Mostofpeople

B.Mostofthepeople

C.Themostofpeople

D.Themostpeople

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。most后面可以直接跟可數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“大多數(shù)”；mostof后面接有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞所修飾的名詞，表示“特定范圍中的大多數(shù)”；themost后面通常跟形容詞，表示最高級。因此選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

TheinternationalOlympicGames,regardedastheworld’smostprestigiousathleticcompetition,takeplaceonceeverythefouryears.

問題1選項

A.regarded

B.prestigious

C.takeplace

D.thefouryears

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語錯誤，選項D應(yīng)該是everyfouryears“每四年”，句意：國際奧林匹克運動會，被認為是最著名的運動競賽，每四年舉辦一次。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Theprotestwentaheaddespitegovernmentassurancesthattheywouldpressfor（

）withtheneighboringcountryintheissuingofvisas.

問題1選項

A.reciprocity

B.show-off

C.payoff

D.intimacy

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。reciprocity“相互作用;互惠主義”；show-off“愛炫耀的人”；payoff“付清”；intimacy“性行為；親密”。句意：盡管政府保證將壓制與鄰國的互惠簽證頒發(fā)，但是抗議仍然在繼續(xù)。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Thetwocountrieshave（）friendlyrelationsformanyyears.

問題1選項

A.retained

B.sustained

C.maintained

D.remained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這兩個國家多年來保持著友好關(guān)系。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式。Retain持有,保留;sustain維持(生命、生存),使穩(wěn)定持續(xù),遭受;maintain維持,保持,維修;remain仍然是,保持不變,剩余,遺留,續(xù)存在。因此C符合句意。

10.單選題

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointofhisfascinateingocampaign—toabolishtelevision.Hismanifest“FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision”isanAmericanbestseller,andaftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawareofhowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertisingandmoneymaking.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisadeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.Perceptionisdulledandflattened,saysMander,whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.“Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,”saysMander,“andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment”Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandwithitoffbeforetheharmisdone—theymightalsobecomebrain-washed,orwhoknows.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTedlevisionisabookwhich（

）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（

）

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviorsarechangedbecause（

）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（

）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（

）.

問題1選項

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.becameaverypopularbooktoread

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

問題2選項

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

問題3選項

A.thebrainisabletomakeconsciousdecisions

B.theconsciousmindisaffectedbyTVimages

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimagesitsees

問題4選項

A.peoplewouldlosetheirothersenses

B.peoplewouldbeveiyimaginative

C.peoplewillbecomeverypassive

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlywatching

問題5選項

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第一段：…aftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA：這本書自從幾年前出版以來已經(jīng)出了八版。并且還在引起廣泛的關(guān)注和激烈的爭論。由此可知，C項(成為了很受歡迎的書)為正確答案。A:給美國人帶來了痛苦。與原文不符。B:在海外取得很大成功。文章只提到在美國引起人們的關(guān)注與爭議，故與原文不符。D:介紹一個有魅力者的觀點。與原文不符。

2.細節(jié)題。第二段：...howmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising

andmoneymaking...；Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.杰里反對電視中的廣告并不是因為電視廣告帶來的利潤太少。而是他認為對于以利益為導(dǎo)向的價值觀的灌輸是少數(shù)人對于公眾的不負責(zé)任的行為。

3.推斷題。第二段：...itcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave（電視使人們的腦子里充斥著大量的畫面和形象）。故選B項(意識受到電視畫面的影響)。

4.推斷題。第三段指出:Perceptionisdulledandflattened,...whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound(感覺會變得遲鈍，人也變得沒精打彩，也就不能感受與體會到整個事件的過程。這樣人們就只能被動的一個晚上坐在那達四個小時，看著電視屏幕，聽著人工的聲音),因此選C項(人會變得很被動)。

5.推斷題。最后一段指出：...prolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment(長期暴露在人造光下會改變?nèi)梭w細胞，這就是為什么它被用于某種醫(yī)學(xué)治療的原因),不難看出長時間暴露在電視人工的光線也有可能威脅人們的健康。

11.單選題

WheatyieldinEuropeishighlysensitivetonaturalvariabilityintemperatureandrainfall.Inthesesimulations,climatechangealoneby2050resultsinsignificantincreasesinyieldunderbothscenariosonlyinthreenorthernEuropeancountries.ButaddingestimatedeffectsofhigherCO2concentrationsonplantgrowthincreasesthatyieldsconsiderably,withyieldincreasesnowbeingsignificantinallofthetencountriesincludedinthestudy.WhethersuchincreasesduetohigherCO2concentrationwouldactuallyberealizedisuncertain,becauseofproblemsinextrapolatingfromidealizedlaboratoryandmodelingresultstofieldconditions.

Theclearmessageofthisworkisthatgreatereffortsareneededtotakeaccountofthe“noise”ofnaturalclimatevariabilitywhenconsideringthe“signal”ofclimatechange.Inparticular,caremustbetakenininterpretingtheresultsofimpactassessments,especiallythosewhichuseclimatesimulationsovershortperiodsonly.

Muchmoreremainstobedone.Forexample,theuseofsimulatedmonthlyclimatedatabyHulmeetal,evenwheninterpolatedtodailydatabystatisticalmethods,leavesopenthepossibilityofsystematicchangesinday-to-dayvariabilityandextremesduetoclimatechange.Thesecouldwelldominatetheeffectsofclimatechangeonbothriverflowandwheatyield.Takingthemintoaccountwillrequiretheanalysisofdailyoutputfromtheclimatemodels,especiallyatfinespatialresolution.

Moreimportantly,inunderstandingthemessagefromHulmeetal,weneedtodistinguishbetweenconfidencelevelsusedforthedetectabilityofsimulatedorrealimpactsduetoclimatechange,andthoseneededtodecideiftheinformationaboutpossiblefutureimpactsisusefulfordecision-makers.Detectability,usedasevidenceofclimatechange,arguablyrequiresahighlevelofconfidence,say,atthe95%or99%level.Ontheotherhand,ifwetakeitasagiventhatclimatechangeisoccurring,andweareseekingusefuladviceastowhattheconsequencesmightbe,alowerlevelofconfidencemaysuffice.

Studiesofthelengthofadatasetisnecessarytodetectarealchangeinthemeanagainstabackgroundofvariability,forexamplefordetectionoftrendsintotalozoneorriverflow,indicatethatevenifthechangeisreal,itmayneedtohavehappenedfordecadesbeforeitcanbeshownstatisticallytohaveoccurred.Incasessuchasestimationoffloodfrequencyandoftheoccurrenceofmoisturestressincrops,whatisneededtoidentifyfuture“dangerous”levelsofclimatechange,ortoplanadaptationmeasures,isanestimateofchangesintheprobabilityofsucheffectsbeforetheyhappen.

1.Accordingtothestudy,highwheatyi