考研考博-英語-四川民族學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川民族學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifthebuildingproject（

）bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.

問題1選項

A.beingcompleted

B.iscompleted

C.tobecompleted

D.completed

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。從句中已有謂語動詞isdelayed，空格處為非謂語動詞，排除B選項。A選項beingcompleted表示正在進行的被動；C選項tobecompleted表示將來的被動；D選項completed表示一般被動。根據bytheendofthismonth（到本月底）可知此處是對將來的假設，因此選C。句意：如果這個建筑工程在本月底之前竣工的計劃被推遲，該建筑公司將被罰款。

2.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbonds(關系)amongmembersofgroups.Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivityarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman'ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thecapacitytowork

C.thestimulustowork

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects.

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained.

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements.

D.theyproducemorelovethanhateamongpeople.

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpustoadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能無法活下去:既不知道快樂也不知道恐懼，他們可能會重復對自己有益的行為，也會重復對自己有害的行為?！毖韵轮饩褪侨藗儾恢朗裁词虑閷ψ约河幸嫣帲裁词虑橛泻?，所以選項B正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們無法學習:他們無法從經驗中獲益，因為這個沒有感情的世界將缺乏獎賞和懲罰。可知人們從獎賞和懲罰中學習。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段“Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會的經濟支柱將會被毀滅，因為掙1000萬美元并不會比掙10美元帶來更多快樂，沒有了工作的動力。事實上，任何事情的動力都沒有了，因為我們知道動力反映了享受它們的能力?！笨芍洕闹е枪ぷ鞯膭恿Γ蔆項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.我們對事物和事件的情感體驗會產生一種社會認同感，認為某些事物和行為是"好的"而另一些是"壞的"。事實上，社會利用我們的情感反應和態(tài)度，如忠誠、道德、驕傲、羞恥、內疚、恐懼和貪婪，來維持自身?！笨芍狟項“它們是維持社會認同感的基礎?！闭_。

5.推理判斷題。由第二段Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.為個體，我們會根據我們的情緒對物體進行分類。誠然，我們會考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質地，但它對我們做了什么或能做什么更重要——傷害我們、讓我們驚訝、憤怒或高興?！笨芍矬w的情感方面能夠引導我們去調整自己的行為以便更好地適應周圍的環(huán)境。故D項正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

建設生態(tài)文明，是關系人民福祉、關于民族未來的長遠大計。面對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的嚴峻形勢，我們必須樹立尊重自然、保護自然的生態(tài)文明理念，把生態(tài)文明建設放在突出地位，融入經濟建設、文化建設、社會建設各個方面和全過程，努力建設美麗中國，實現中華民族的永續(xù)發(fā)展。

【答案】Promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swellbeingandChina’sfuture.Facedwithadeterioratingecosystem,wemustraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespectandprotectnature.Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

4.單選題

Onlybypublishingatleastfivearticlesontopjournals（

）havethechancetobepromotedtoprofessors.

問題1選項

A.teacherscan

B.canteachers

C.ateachercan

D.canateacher

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結構。這里考查的是部分倒裝結構。句子開頭是only引導的狀語結構，用來修飾整個句子時，空格部分主句的謂語動詞應該使用部分倒裝結構。故需要將情態(tài)動詞和助動詞提前。句意為：只有頂級期刊上發(fā)表至少五篇論文，老師們才有機會晉升為教授。因此選項B正確。

5.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Sheiskidding.

B.Shewillgetaraise.

C.Themanwillgetaraise.

D.Themanwillgetapromotion.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Ourmanagingdirectorisgoingtogiveyouaraise.

M:Really?Areyoukiddingme?

W:Absolutely!Hethinksyouwould!

Q:Whatdoesthewomansay?

【解析】細節(jié)題。女士說：Absolutely!Hethinksyouwould!肯定男士即將漲薪水。

6.單選題

Withfacilitiesworth30to50billiondollarsand9,000milesofroadsinthenationalparksystemalone,keepingupwithneededrepairsis_（）_.

問題1選項

A.overwhelming

B.appalling

C.dominant

D.appealing

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。overwhelming“勢不可擋的”；appalling“令人震驚的”；dominant“主導的”；appealing“吸引力的”。句意：僅國家公園系統(tǒng)就擁有價值300億到500億美元的設施和9000英里的道路，維修花費是令人吃驚的。選項B符合題意。

7.填空題

Ourinitialfieldworksite（1）outtobecompletelyunsuitable.Ourteam（2）overaweektherebeforewerecognizedthatwe（3）neverfindthequalityoffossilswewere（4）forinthatspot.

【答案】1.turned;

2.worked;

3.would;

4.looking

【解析】1.固定搭配。turnouttobe被發(fā)現是，結果是。而且此處應為過去式turned。

2.語義題。第二空填不及物動詞,因此worked符合句意。

3.語法分析。第三空填would表示過去將來時。

4.固定搭配。wewerefor是定語從句修飾thequalityoffossils,那么第四空可填現在分詞looking,構成lookfor“尋找”。

8.單選題

CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit_____inCuba.

問題1選項

A.beingcultivated

B.beencultivated

C.havingcultivated

D.cultivating

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：玉米原產于新大陸，因此直到哥倫布發(fā)現古巴在種植玉米，歐洲才知道它的存在。it指玉米，根據玉米被種植確定用被動語態(tài)，排除C、D選項；在until引導的時間狀語從句中，it是賓語，橫線到句尾是賓補，強調被種植的狀態(tài)，用現在分詞的形式，A選項beingcultivated符合題意。B選項beencultivated用法錯誤。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Priortotheelection,thecandidatehadpromisedtoimprovethelivingconditionsoftheworkers.

問題1選項

A.Until

B.Dueto

C.Considering

D.Before

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項Until“直到……為止”；B選項Dueto“由于”；C選項Considering“考慮到”；D選項Before“在……之前”。句意：在選舉之前，這位候選人曾承諾要改善工人的生活條件。劃線部分Priorto是在……之前的意思。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Thedriverwasinan（

）ofsorrowbecausehehadknockedthegirldown.

問題1選項

A.agony

B.ache

C.ailing

D.ailment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項agony“苦惱，極度痛苦”；B選項ache“疼痛”；C選項ailing“不適，困擾”；D選項ailment“小病，不安”。句意：司機因為撞倒了那個女孩而感到極度悲痛。選項A更符合語境。

11.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:

SupposeyouareinterestedinaresearchprogramattheUniversityofCalifornia,UnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtodoresearchatthatuniversity.

【答案】略

12.單選題

What______supposewouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

問題1選項

A.willyou

B.doyou

C.wouldyou

D.youwould

【答案】B

【解析】考查語序。在該句子中，doyousuppose相當于一個插入語，Whatwouldhappenifthe...才是一個整體，做全句的賓語從句。類似的表達還有doyouthink等。句意：你猜想看看，如果主管知道你那樣想之后會發(fā)生什么事。因此B選項正確。

13.單選題

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

問題1選項

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不尋常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“緊急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊時刻才被允許提前離開。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Itistimewe（

）inbed.

問題1選項

A.shouldbe

B.were

C.willbe

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。itistime后面接虛擬語氣，有兩種表達方式，一種是should+動詞原形，另一種是用過去式表將來時，所以答案A，B都可。

15.單選題

Somesociologistsareworriedaboutthe（）throughoutthewholesociety.

問題1選項

A.fraudulent

B.generous

C.dynamic

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。fraudulent“欺詐的”；generous“慷慨的”；dynamic“動態(tài)的”;compulsive“極有趣的”。句意：一些社會學家擔心整個社會的欺詐問題。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

問題2選項

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

問題3選項

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

問題4選項

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

問題5選項

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多數國家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因為尚未制定出針對外科手術進步的立法）可知A選項“大多數國家沒有關于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（習慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進行，可能無法及時聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過了這樣的法律）可知D選項“在一些國家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當然的”正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建議，應開展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵人們在其遺囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項“應該鼓勵人們在死后捐獻器官”和C選項“器官移植應該提倡，因為它有利于人類社會”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有說明”符合題意。通過排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。

3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意為“和……一起”；besuperiorto意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”?！癷mpair”出現文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會……潛在供者的正常復蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項最符合邏輯關系。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復蘇的標準方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數醫(yī)生認為除此之外，努力復蘇是無用的）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問題，因此選A。

17.單選題

Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.

問題1選項

A.bound

B.polished

C.optimized

D.confined

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項bound“綁；裝訂；包扎；凝固”；B選項polished“拋光，擦亮；修改，潤色；（使）完美，改進”；C選項optimized“優(yōu)化；持樂觀態(tài)度；使最優(yōu)化，使完善”；D選項confined“限制，使局限；禁止離開，關押；臥床分娩”。句意：他聽到了這個壞消息，但當他對員工們講話時，他把自己的話______在一些暗示銷售下滑的跡象上。此處填“限制”一詞最符合句意，所以D選項正確。

18.單選題

Thechairmanwasaskedtoresign,（

）totallyunfitforhispost.

問題1選項

A.havingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.beingconsidered

【答案】D

【解析】分析句子可知，逗號前后沒有連接詞，所以逗號后面不能是完整的句子，這里是分詞短語做狀語，前后為因果關系，所以選項C目的狀語可首先排除；再根據句意可知，這里表被動，所以選項D正確。句意：主席被要求辭職，因為他被認為完全不適合這個職位。

19.單選題

He（

）hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

問題1選項

A.scratched

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scrapped

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項scratch“（用手）撓頭”；B選項screw“用（螺絲釘）釘住”；C選項scrape“刮，擦”；D選項scrap“拋棄，廢棄”，根據空格后面作賓語的關鍵詞“head頭”，可知這里填入的單詞要符合句子語境意思“想著怎么解決這個問題”，故空格單詞意思應該為“（用手）撓頭”，句意為：他抓了抓頭，想著怎么解決這個問題。選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

TheInternethasbeenaroundforanalmostequalamountoftimeasmostformsofmedia,butonlyrecently（）apopularwayofretrievinginformation.

問題1選項

A.hasitbecome

B.ithasbecame

C.itbecomes

D.doesitbecome

【答案】A

【解析】語法知識。根據only可知這里應該用倒裝，首先排除選項B和C；填空處應用現在完成時表示過去對現在產生影響，所以選項A正確。

21.單選題

（）theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.

問題1選項

A.Togive

B.Given

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven

【答案】B

【解析】句意:考慮到德國的經濟能力的聲明，如此衰弱的德國實際經濟情況，確實有些令人驚訝。

語義分析。given在做介詞時表示“考慮到，如果有”，后接名詞或代詞。這里可以把“giventheclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight”理解為“考慮到德國的經濟能力的聲明”。

22.單選題

Thephilosophyteacherwasindeedamazedbythestudents’（）inhandingthecomputer.

問題1選項

A.availability

B.probability

C.variability

D.versatility

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這位哲學老師的確為這些學生在操控計算機上的多才多藝感到驚訝。

考查名詞辨析。Availability可利用，可用性，有用（效）性；probability可能性，機率；variability可變性，變異性；versatility多功能性，多才多藝，用途廣泛。因此D符合句意。

23.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryearsisthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.

【答案】繪畫是靜態(tài)的。在幾天或幾年時間里反復看一幅畫的經歷的獨特性在于畫的內容在變遷中仍然保持不變。當然，由于歷史或個人發(fā)展,盡管該圖像的意義可能會改變,但描述的內容是不變的:一樣的奶瓶中流出的一樣的牛奶，海面上完全一樣的完整的波浪，不變的微笑和笑臉。

人們可能會說，繪畫保存了一個瞬間。然而，仔細想想，這顯然是不真實的。因為與被拍攝的瞬間不一樣，繪畫中的瞬間從未存在。因此，不能說一幅畫保存了一個瞬間。如果一幅畫留住了某個瞬間，那么它就不能保存代替隨后瞬間的過去瞬間，就像相片一樣。

24.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問題1選項

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語，Ithink作插入語時，引導詞應放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學家又有了一個了不起的發(fā)現，我認為這個發(fā)現這對科學很重要。

25.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revive“復興；蘇醒”；persist“堅持”；intensify“增強，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對律師事務所中那些運用手段圖謀權力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個人對于確定誰應該是他們的午餐伙伴的問題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應與initialfascination形成對比，故D項“減退”正確。

26.單選題

Batsonetal.statethat“egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthehelper’sownwelfare’’,（

）“altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingtheother’swelfare”.

問題1選項

A.as

B.otherwise

C.while

D.although

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關系。句中提到了利己動機和利他動機，存在對比，四個選項中C選項while可表示對比關系“卻，然而”。因此C選項符合題意。

27.填空題

Onceinsidethevirtualclassroom,youhaveaccesstoachatfeature,an________whiteboardandavideowindowwheretheycanseeandhearthetutorinlivevideoandaudio.(interact)

【答案】interactive

【解析】【考查點】形容詞。

【解題思路】橫線部分和white修飾board，指的是用來上課的交互式白板，interactive意思為“交互式的”，符合語境。

【句意】一旦進入虛擬教室，你就可以使用聊天功能、交互式白板和視頻窗口，學生就可以看到導師的實時視頻，聽到音頻。

28.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBachinstrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

問題2選項

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

問題3選項

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

問題4選項

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。本題詢問在從事藝術創(chuàng)作和自然科學之間的差別。根據原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.極富創(chuàng)意的藝術和極具創(chuàng)意的科學之間的差異來自于自己的目標的差異。對于科學，新理論是創(chuàng)造性行為的目的和歸宿?！笨芍獌烧咧g的差異是在它們的目的不同，A選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據最后一段內容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有關貝多芬，人們稱他推翻了種種規(guī)則，將音樂從傳統(tǒng)的令人窒息的范圍中解放出來。然而，對他音樂作品一番細致的研究會揭示出貝多芬根本沒有推翻任何規(guī)則。實質上，他是一個無以倫比的謀略家。善于以令人矚目的獨特方式利用各種局限從諸如海頓和莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫這些前輩那里繼承而來的各種規(guī)則、形式和傳統(tǒng)?？芍狣選項‘他綜合了新舊音樂形式之間的轉換’正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattransce