考研考博-英語-大慶醫(yī)學(xué)高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大慶醫(yī)學(xué)高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

（）occasionaldifferencesofopinion,RonandPaulgetalongverywell.

問題1選項

A.Exceptfor

B.Outof

C.Inspiteof

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項Exceptfor“除了...以外”；B選項Outof“由于”；C選項Inspiteof“盡管，不顧”；D選項Inadditionto“除...之外，還有...”。句意：盡管偶爾意見有分歧，但羅恩和保羅相處得很好。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,theexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.

Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awinkcanbeawayofflirtingorindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whileverbalizationisthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Whichformotherthanoralspeechwouldbemostcommonlyusedamongblindpeople?

4.Howmanydifferentformsofcommunicationarementionedhere?

5.Signlanguageissaidtobeverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationallyexceptfor（）

問題1選項

A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.

B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.

C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.

D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.

問題2選項

A.Therearemanyformsofcommunicationinexistencetoday.

B.Verbalizationisthemostcommonformofcommunication.

C.Thedeafandmuteuseanoralformofcommunication.

D.Ideasandthoughtscanbetransmittedbybodylanguage.

問題3選項

A.picturesigns

B.Braille

C.bodylanguage

D.signalflags

問題4選項

A.5

B.7

C.9

D.11

問題5選項

A.spelling

B.ideas

C.wholewords

D.expressions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講肢體語言。一般來說,思想和感情的表達(dá)都是以口頭語言的形式進(jìn)行的。但當(dāng)有語言障礙時,交流可以通過其他形式完成,比如肢體語言。所以選項A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句可知,游客,盲人和聾啞人使用的是signlanguage,而不是oralformofcommunication。所以選項C表述錯誤。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文可知Braille是一種用指尖閱讀的凸點(diǎn)系統(tǒng),即盲文,適合盲人使用。所以選項B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章中提到了oralspeech、signlanguage,bodylanguage、Braille、signalflags,Morsecode、smokesignals、roadmaps、picturesigns這9種交際方式,所以選項C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.”這些完整的文字符號中有許多是非常生動和準(zhǔn)確的,可以在國際上使用；然而拼寫不能。所以本題選A。

3.單選題

ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating“human”from“animal”and“human”from“machine”.Shewrites:“Thecyborgdoesnotdreamofcommunityonthemodeloftheorganicfamily,thistimewithouttheoedipalproject.ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.”TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity.Sheusesthemetaphorofacyborgtourgefeministstomovebeyondthelimitationsoftraditionalgender,feminism,andpolitics.MarisaOlsonsummarizedHaraway'sthoughtsasabeliefthatthereisnodistinctionbetweennaturallifeandartificialman-mademachines.HarawaybeginstheManifestobyexplainingthreeboundarybreakdownssincethe20thCenturythathaveallowedforherhybrid,cyborgmyth:thebreakdownofboundariesbetweenhumanandanimal,animal-humanandmachine,andphysicalandnon-physical.Evolutionhasblurredthelinesbetweenhumanandanimal;20thCenturymachineshavemadeambiguousthelinesbetweennaturalandartificial;andmicroelectronicsandthepoliticalinvisibilityofcyborgshaveconfusedthelinesofphysicality.HarawayhighlightstheproblematicuseandjustificationofWesterntraditionslikepatriarchy,colonialism,essentialism,andnaturalism(amongothers).ThesetraditionsinturnallowfortheproblematicformationsoftaxonomiesandwhatHarawayexplainsasantagonisticdualismsthatorderWesterndiscourse.Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,

peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals...allthoseconstitutedasothers.However,high-techcultureprovidesachallengetotheseantagonisticdualisms.Haraway'scyborgtheoryrejectsthenotionsofessentialism,proposinginsteadachimeric,monstrousworldoffusionsbetweenanimalandmachine.Cyborgtheoryreliesonwritingas“thetechnologyofcyborgs”,as“cyborgpoliticsisthestruggleforlanguageandthestruggleagainstperfectcommunication,againsttheonecodethattranslatesallmeaningperfectly,thecentraldogmaofphallogocentrism”.Instead,Haraway'scyborgcallsforanon-essentialized,material-semioticmetaphorcapableofunitingdiffusepolitical

coalitionsalongthelinesofaffinityratherthanidentity.FollowingLacanianfeministssuchasLuceIrigaray,Haraway'sworkaddressesthechasmbetweenfeministdiscoursesandthedominantlanguageofWesternpatriarchy.AsHarawayexplains,“grammarispoliticsbyothermeans,”andeffectivepoliticsrequirespeakinginthelanguageofdomination.AsshedetailsinachartoftheparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemologywithintheManifesto,theunifiedhumansubjectofidentityhasshiftedtothehybridizedposthumanoftechnoscience,from“representation”to“simulation,”“bourgeoisnovel”to“sciencefiction,”“reproduction”to“replication,”and“whitecapitalistpatriarchy”to“informaticsofdomination.”WhileHaraway's“ironicdreamofacommonlanguage”isinspiredbyIrigaray'sargumentforadiscourseotherthanpatriarchy,sherejectsIrigaray'sessentializingconstructionofwoman-as-not-maletoargueforalinguisticcommunityofsituated,partialknowledgesinwhichnooneisinnocent.AlthoughHaraway'smetaphorofthecyborghasbeenlabelledasapost-genderstatement,Harawayhasclarifiedherstanceonpost-genderisminrecentinterviews.SheacknowledgesthatherargumentintheManifestoseekstochallengethenecessityforcategorizationofgender,butdoesnotcorrelate

thisargumenttopost-genderism.Sheclarifiesthisdistinctionbecausepost-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconceptofbeingbeyondmasculinityandfemininity.

Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.

1.Accordingtothetext,acyberneticorganismorcyborgmustbeunderstoodas（

）.

2.Harawayposesthatgenderconstructsshouldbeeliminatedascategoriesforidentitybecause

（

）.

3.AccordingtoHarawaymanicheismsareincompetitionwithoneanother,creatingparadoxicalrelationsofdomination,particularly

（

）.

4.Thecyborgisa

（

）.

5.Asonographicfetuswouldinmanywaysbetheultimatecyborgbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.agender-neutralconstruct

B.arobot

C.aposthumanspeculativebeing

D.neitherorganicnorinorganic

問題2選項

A.theparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemology

B.post-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconcept

C.theyposeanantagonisticdualism

D.theyposeanon-essential,material-semioticmetaphor

問題3選項

A.God/man

B.right/wrong

C.self/other

D.one/other

問題4選項

A.metaphor

B.mechanicalproduct

C.animisticconcept

D.organichybrid

問題5選項

A.itis“created”inaspaceofvirtuality

B.itisneithermalenorfemale

C.itissimultaneouslyhumanandanimal

D.itispoliticallyinvisible

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway，inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries...《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線······”與“TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity《電子人宣言》一書批評傳統(tǒng)的女權(quán)主義概念（尤其是女權(quán)主義專注于身份認(rèn)同政治），取而代之的是通過親和力支持結(jié)合?！焙皖}干中“······mustbeunderstoodas可以被理解成”可推知A項“一個不分性別的概念”正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由文中“Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.哈拉維指出，性別概念仍然普遍且有意義，但卻是令人煩惱的，因此應(yīng)該被當(dāng)成身份類別而被根除。”可知C項“它們引起對立的二元論”正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干中“manicheisms善惡對立說”與文中“Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals…allthoseconstitutedasothers.哈拉維稱，對女性、有色人種、自然、工人、動物······等所有那些構(gòu)成其他人的控制邏輯和實施而言，這些二元論是系統(tǒng)化的?！笨芍狣項“一類人/其他人”正確。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘a(chǎn)nimal’and‘human’from‘machine’《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線（尤其是那些將人類和動物、人類和機(jī)械區(qū)分開的界線）”與“ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.電子人將不會認(rèn)可‘伊甸園’，它不是泥土做成的，從而不能向往回歸塵上。”可知A項“比喻說法”正確。

第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘a(chǎn)nimals’and‘human’from‘machine’.《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線（尤其是那些將人類和動物、人類和機(jī)械區(qū)分開的界線）?！迸c題目中“sonographicfetus聲像圖的胎兒”可知A項“它是在一個虛擬的空間中‘被創(chuàng)造的’”正確。

4.單選題

Glaeser________hisinterestinurbanareasdirectlytohisyouthinNewYorkCity,whereheliveduntilhewenttocollegeatage17.

問題1選項

A.attributed

B.conducted

C.devoted

D.contributed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.attributed歸因于，歸功于B.conducted實施，執(zhí)行

C.devoted獻(xiàn)身，致力D.contributed貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“hisinterestinurbanareas（他對城市地區(qū)的興趣）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，表示格萊澤怎么樣這份興趣，空格處還需要能夠和下文的to進(jìn)行搭配。由后半句句意“他在那里一直生活到（liveduntil）17歲上大學(xué)”可知，因為他的青年時代一直都生活在紐約這樣的大城市，所以他會對城市地區(qū)感興趣，換言之，他對城市地區(qū)有興趣的原因是在紐約生活的經(jīng)歷。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于……”，指認(rèn)為某事物是另一事物的結(jié)果，因此A選項attributed“歸因于，歸功于”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項conducted“實施，執(zhí)行”指組織或進(jìn)行特定的活動，不能和“interest（興趣）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項devoted“獻(xiàn)身，致力”，devoteoneselftosb./sth.指把大部分時間、精力等投入到某人或某物中，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項contributed“貢獻(xiàn)，捐贈”，contributesth.tosth.指贈予錢或物品以幫助某人，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】格萊澤將他對城市地區(qū)的興趣直接歸功于他在紐約的青年時代，他在那里一直生活到17歲上大學(xué)。

5.單選題

Withtimethememoryfadedinto（

）.

問題1選項

A.nourishment

B.realization

C.longevity

D.oblivion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。nourishment意為“營養(yǎng)，營養(yǎng)品”；realization意為“認(rèn)識，領(lǐng)會，領(lǐng)悟”；longevity意為“長壽”；oblivion意為“遺忘，昏迷”。

句意：隨著時間的流逝，記憶漸漸淡忘了。

6.單選題

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

問題1選項

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.substitute代替；取代B.subsidize資助；補(bǔ)助

C.subscribe申請；預(yù)訂D.subordinate使從屬于

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞government和theater，結(jié)合四個選項可知，政府對于劇院應(yīng)該是資助，故該題選擇B項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多關(guān)于政府資助劇院的必要性的討論。

7.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyears-andwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimesarequestionswhichhaveinterestedthemodernmphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodernmphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodernmeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodernmsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodernmscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction-bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservation-thesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodernms;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodernmispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesitexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“”facts"”and“"theories"”or“’’facts”and“”ideas”n-intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter-provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts-aparticularclassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory"’.

3.Thestatement“Theoriesarefacts’’maybecalled（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis（

）.

問題1選項

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題3選項

A.ametaphor

B.aparadox

C.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethods

D.apun

問題4選項

A.aninductivescience

B.inneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory

問題5選項

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章通篇都是在討論科學(xué)研究或探索的方法。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段指出:Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthishenomenonintheantithesisof"facts"and"theories"or"facts"and"ideas"-intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter-provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.試圖在事實的對立面和理論，或事實和思想中發(fā)現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象的解釋看起來有些太狹隘，也會因模糊不清遭批評。因為，對立面不全面，事實和理論不是同類的事物。第五段指出：Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.事實是一個提議，通過運(yùn)用知識的源泉和經(jīng)驗而證實的提議直接而又簡單。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實的一切特性（除非其證實只能通過非直接的，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式方法），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實必須用簡單的核實，理論因此具有事實的一切特性。由此得出，選擇A:后者(理論)需要證實。

3.推斷題。文章指出:事實和理論不是同類的事物。因此“理論即事實”的論斷就是悖論。故B項正確。

4.推斷題。選項C推理演繹科學(xué)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出：Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?或者，我們是否應(yīng)該把這兩個時期的特征都?xì)w因于所謂的歷史意外事件一一歸因于客觀環(huán)境中相似性結(jié)合的影響。這一點(diǎn)除非以指導(dǎo)一切的上帝的智慧和無限權(quán)利來解釋，否則難以解說清楚。因此B項:是上天的安排為正確選項。

8.翻譯題

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theymaystarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'trememberwhereweputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrainfades,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments”.Whileseeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonourprofessional,socialandpersonallife.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.Itturnsoutthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmentalworkoutscansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitivefunctions.Thinkingisessentiallyaprocessofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Tosomeextent,ourabilitytoexcelinmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.

【答案】隨著許多人步入中年，他們可能會開始注意到，他們的記憶力和思維清晰度已經(jīng)不如從前了。我們突然記不起剛才把鑰匙放在哪里了，或者記不起一個老相識的名字，或者記不起一個我們曾經(jīng)喜歡過的老樂隊的名字。當(dāng)大腦衰退時，我們將這些現(xiàn)象稱為“老年時刻”，雖然看起來很無辜，但這種精神注意力的喪失可能會對我們的職業(yè)、社交和個人生活造成潛在的破壞性影響。

神經(jīng)科學(xué)家，研究神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的專家，越來越多地表明實際上有很多事情可以做。事實證明，大腦和我們的肌肉一樣需要鍛煉，正確的腦力鍛煉可以顯著提高我們的基本認(rèn)知功能。思考本質(zhì)上是在大腦中建立聯(lián)系的過程。在某種程度上，我們在建立驅(qū)動智力的聯(lián)系方面的卓越能力是遺傳的。

9.單選題

The（

）ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

問題1選項

A.manifestation

B.implementation

C.expedition

D.demonstration

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。manifestation表現(xiàn)，顯示；implementation實現(xiàn)，履行；expedition遠(yuǎn)征；demonstration示范，證明。句意：文化現(xiàn)象的

通常是人們生活習(xí)慣中某些物質(zhì)方面的邏輯結(jié)果。選項A更符合語境，所以正確。

10.單選題

Completesilenceisfoundonlyinlaboratoriescalledanechoicrooms.Thewallsandceilings,madeofblocksofspecialsound-suckingmaterials,aremorethanthreefeetthick,whilefloorcoveringsaresix-footlayersoffeathersorcottonwool.Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off,yetscientistsgetusedtothisandstayinthesesilentroomsforhoursatatime,usingmicrophonesandelectronicequipmenttotestthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.

Architectshaveusedscientificdiscoveriestosolvenoiseprobleminanumberofways.Wallsarehollowed(havingemptyspaceinside)andthenfilledwithsound-suckingmaterialssimilartocottonwool.Extra-thickcarpetscoverthefloors,andthickwoolencurtainscoverthewindows.Airconditioningandheatingchannelsaremadelessnoisybysound-suckingmaterials．

Unfortunately,thesetechniquesandothersoftenworktoowellinsomebuildings.Noise-proofroomsbecomealmostanechoicandpeoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound．Onewayofhandlingthisproblemistousewhattheycall“soundperfume”—artificial(similarlyproduced,madebyman)noiseispipedtoroomsthroughsmallloudspeakers.

1.Scientistsuseanechoicroomfor（）.

2.Thewriterimpliesthat（）.

3.Peoplesufferinanechoicroomsprobablybecause（）.

4.Thearticlesuggeststhat（）.

問題1選項

A.measuringnoiselevelsofsteelworks

B.measuringblocksoffeathers

C.testingsound-absorbingmaterials

D.testingelectronicequipment

問題2選項

A.untrainedpeoplecannotstaylonginanechoicrooms

B.performingexperimentsinanechoicroomscanbeafrighteningexperience

C.architectsmakepracticaluseoftheinformationgatheredbyscientists

D.scientistsdonotcarefornoiseproblem

問題3選項

A.theyareallowedtomoveandspeak

B.theyareusedlohearingnoisearoundthem

C.thegreaterairpressurehurtstheirears

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.loudspeakersareasimportantassound-proofingmaterials

B.anechoicroomswillbeincludedinallnewbuildings

C.scientificdevicesaresometimestoosuccessful

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...scientistsgetusedto...testthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.”科學(xué)家習(xí)慣待在這些安靜的房間里數(shù)小時，使用麥克風(fēng)和電子設(shè)備來測試各種減少噪音的材料。選項C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off...”這里的安靜對于耳朵來說是痛苦的，就好像鋼鐵廠里或者火箭發(fā)射時所產(chǎn)生的連續(xù)不斷的噪音。由此可推斷，在這種環(huán)境下做實驗是非?？膳碌慕?jīng)歷。所以選項B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二一句“peoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound.”住在里面的人因為沒有聲音而感到不安。人們在消音室里覺得很痛苦是因為人們不習(xí)慣周圍一點(diǎn)兒噪音都沒有，所以選項B符合原文。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，住在完全消音的房間里，人們往往會因為沒有聲音而感到不安，這時候就可以使用人造噪音通過小喇叭傳到房間里。也就是說揚(yáng)聲器和隔音材料同樣重要。選項A正確。選項C是事實，不是文章給出的建議，所以不選。

11.填空題

（46）Somepeopleseemtobebetterinlearninglanguages.（47）Theycanpicknewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammars,andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagequickerthanothers.（48）Theydonotseemtobeanymorebrighterthanothers,（49）sowhatmakeslanguagesucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeacloselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.

Firstofall,successfullearnersareindependent.They（50）donotdependonthebookandtheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytounderstandthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguessers（51）findingclueshardandformtheirownconclusions.When（52）theyguesswrong,theyguessotherstime.Theytrytolearnfromtheirmistakes.

Successfullanguagelearningisactive.Therefore,successfullearnerslookforchancestousethelanguage（53）actively.Theyfindpeoplespeakthelanguageandaskthemtocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearorsaystrange（54）things.Theycanalsoreceiveinformationthatisinexact（55）orincompleteifacommunicationisdifficult.

46.______________

47.______________

48.______________

49.______________

50.______________

51.______________

52.______________

53.______________

54.______________

55.______________

【答案】46.in改為at

47.grammars改為grammar

48.去掉more

49.such改成so

50.and改成or

51.form改為forming

52.others改為another

53.people和speak間加上who

54.receive改為accept

55.if改成when

【解析】46.考查固定搭配。表示擅長的短語搭配為begoodat，句中說的是有些人會更擅長。因此需要使用good的比較級形式better。句意：有些人似乎更擅長學(xué)習(xí)語言。

47.考查詞匯的單復(fù)數(shù)含義。grammar為不可數(shù)名詞時表示“語法，文法”，而其復(fù)數(shù)形式grammars表示“語言知識及應(yīng)用能力”。句意：他們可以學(xué)習(xí)新的詞匯，掌握規(guī)則或語法。句中指的是語法，為不可數(shù)名詞，不能使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

48.考查比較級的用法。bright是單音節(jié)形容詞。它的比較級為brighter，more是用來修飾三個音節(jié)及以上的形容詞的比較級的，故應(yīng)刪掉。句意：他們似乎并不比其他人更聰明。

49.考查such與so的辨析。such是形容詞，用來修飾名詞；so是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。后面的easier是形容詞，故應(yīng)使用so來修飾。句意：那么是什么讓語言對他們來說如此容易呢？

50.考查連接詞的使用。and和or都能夠表示并列，and用在肯定句和陳述句中，or用在否定句和疑問句中。在句中前面有表否定的not，故連接的使用應(yīng)該用or。句意：他們不依賴書本老師；他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己學(xué)習(xí)語言的方法。

51.考查并列句中的謂語一致。and前面使用的是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾guessers，后面句中的謂語動詞也應(yīng)該與之保持一致。故應(yīng)將form改為forming。句意：他們是很好的猜測者，能找到困難的線索并形成自己的結(jié)論。

52.考查介詞辨析。others表示其他人。another做介詞時可表示再一，又一次的意思。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)他們猜錯的時候，他們會再猜一次。因此需將others改為another。

53.考查句子成分。Theyfindpeoplespeakthelanguageandaskthemtocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知speakthelanguage是定語從句修飾people，而people在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語，因此關(guān)系代詞who不能省略。句意：他們找到說這種語言的人，當(dāng)他們說錯時請這些人糾正。

54.考查動詞辨析。receive“收到”表達(dá)較為客觀被動。accept“接受”具有主觀色彩，主動的去接。句意：當(dāng)交流有困難的時候，他們也能接納不準(zhǔn)確或者不完整的信息。交流的時候他們會主動地去接受一些不完整的信息。因此需要將receive改成accept。

55.考查連接詞的使用。根據(jù)先前所說的當(dāng)他們猜錯的時候，他們會再猜一次。使用的就是時間狀語，那么在他們遇到acommunicationisdifficult的情況的時候，也應(yīng)該作為時間狀語，故應(yīng)使用when連接而非if。

12.單選題

Themodernhugebuildinglooks______inthatold-fashionedvillage.

問題1選項

A.immeasurable

B.inopportune

C.incongruous

D.importunate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.immeasurable不可估量的；無限的B.inopportune不合時宜的

C.incongruous不合適的；不相稱的D.importunate再三要求的；糾纏不休的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“這座現(xiàn)代化的巨大建筑看起來______在那個老式的村莊里”可知，現(xiàn)代建筑和老式房屋是不相協(xié)調(diào)的，所以空格處表示“不協(xié)調(diào)的，不相稱的”符合句意，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合句意。

【句意】這座現(xiàn)代化的高樓大廈在那個老式村莊里顯得很不協(xié)調(diào)。

13.單選題

Iwouldliketohaveatalkwithhim___hisconvenience.

問題1選項

A.in

B.at

C.for

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone’sconvenience“在某人有時間的時候，在某人方便的時候”。句意：我想在他方便的時候和他談一談。因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

hedefectinDavid’scharacterhas（

）himfromadvancementinhiscareer.

問題1選項

A.exempted

B.forbidden

C.undermined

D.hindered

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞辨析。exempt“免除”；forbidden“禁止”；undermined“破壞”；hindered“阻礙”。句意為：大衛(wèi)的性格缺陷阻礙了他的事業(yè)發(fā)展。選項D符合句意。

15.翻譯題

IntheeyesofChinese,whatisimportantabouteating,especiallyatfestivals,istoatinawarmatmosphere.

【答案】在中國人看來，吃飯最重要的是在一個溫暖的氣氛中，尤其是在節(jié)日里。

16.單選題

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“