考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津體育學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津體育學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Birdmigrationisoneofthemostinterestingyetleastunderstoodnaturalphenomena.Everyfallbirdsfromnorthernlatitudesflyingroupstothewarmersouthernlatitudesandthenreturnnorthinthespring.Scientistsagreeonthemainreasonsformigration:tofollowthefoodsupplyandtoavoidharshclimateconditions.Forexample,insectsdisappearduringthecoldmonths,promptinginsect-dependentbirdstoflysouthtowarmareaswhereinsectsbreed.Nosimilarconsensushasemerged,however,abouthowbirdsareabletonavigate.Despitemanyrecentexperiments,birdexpertsstilldonotknowhowbirdsarriveatthesamedestinationeveryyearandthenfindtheirwaybackhomeinthespring.

Somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges.Experimentshaveconfirmedthatsomespeciesdofollowsuchtopographicfeatures.Butthatmethodcannotexplainhowsomebirdstravelatnight.Otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebythestars.Butthatexplanationcannotexplaindaytimemigrationortravelwhentheskiesarecloudy.

ThemostpopularexplanationcurrentlyisthatbirdsareguidedbyEarth’smagneticpoles.Themechanismbywhichthatworkshasnotyetbeenproved.Onetheorypointstothefactthatsomebirds’brainscontainmagnetite,anaturallyoccurringmagneticcompoundconsistingofironoxide.Magnetite

hasbeenfoundinmanyanimals,includingbirds.Withmagnetsembeddedintheirbrains,birdswouldbeabletosensethemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPoles.

Arecentexperimentwithhomingpigeonsprovidedsomeevidencethatmagnetitedoesplayacrucialroleinmigration.Homingpigeonsareknowntohavetheabilitytoreturntotheirhomesafterbeingtakenhundredsofmilesaway.Researchersfoundthattheycouldtrainhomingpigeonstorecognizechangesinamagneticfield.Whenasurroundingmagneticfieldwasnormal,thebirdswouldgatheratoneendofacage.Butwhenthefield’spolaritywasaltered,theyhoppedtotheotherend,suggestingthattheyweredetectingandrespondingtochangesinthemagneticfield.

Anothertheoryhasbeenofferedtoexplainthissensitivitytomagneticpoles,atheorythatdrawsuponquantummechanics,whichisthestudyofhowparticlesmoveinsideanatom.Itreliesonthefactthatelectronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom.Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother.Butwhenmoleculessplitandreactwithothermoleculestoformcompounds,theelectronpairsmaynolongerspininoppositedirections.Instead,theymayrepeleachother,aswhentwonorthendsofmagnetsarepressedtogether.Theelectronsstruggletochangedirectioninordertoachieveastablestateinwhichthetwoelectronsagainneutralizeeachother,givingoffnomagneticfield.

Thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight.ThebirdscansensetheeffortsoftheelectronsintryingtoreachaconditionofstabilitybecauseoftheslightchangesinthepulloftheNorthandSouthPoles.Inthisway,thebirdscandetectthedirectionofthepoleswhiletheyareinflight.

Inoneexperimenttoconfirmthiseffect,agroupofEuropeanrobinsweretrickedbyartificiallighttobelievethatitwastimeforspringmigration.Thebirdsbecameeagertoflynorth.Thechangesinlighttriggeredtheelectron-pairmovementdescribedabove,exposingtherobinstothemagneticfieldaccompanyingtheelectronpairs.Thebirdsbecamedisorientedandflewinalldirections.Thesimulatedmagneticfieldsweremuchtooweaktobedetectedbythebirds’naturalmagnetite,suggestingtotheexperimentersthattheelectronpairs,notthemagnetite,wereresponsibleforthebirds’confusedflying.

Thecurrentview,therefore,isthatlightplaysanimportantroleinguidingbirdmigration.Thismaybewhybirdsturntheirheadsfromsidetosidebeforeflyingoff.Theireyesarecollectingthesurroundinglight,whichinturnallowsthemtoprocessandanalyzetheexistingmagneticfieldsandtokeepthemselvespointedintherightdirection.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,insectsinfluencebirdmigrationinwhichofthefollowingways?

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,birdscandetectthemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPolesbecause（

）.

3.TheauthordiscusseshomingpigeonsinParagraph4inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretheoriesabouthowbirdsnavigateexcept:

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingaboutelectronsexcept:

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Insectsgenerateamagneticfieldthatbirdscandetect.

B.Insectsprovideafoodsupplythatexistsonlyinwarmclimates.

C.Birdsfollowthepathstakenbyflyinginsects.

D.Birdsknowwhentomigratebyasuddenincreaseininsectpopulation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theysensethemotionofelectronpairs

B.theycanlocatethepolesbyfollowinglandmarks

C.theyingestmetalparticlesthatareattractedbythepoles

D.theyhavemagnetiteintheirbrains

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofhowhumanscantrainbirds

B.describeanexperimentshowingtheimportanceofmagnetite

C.showthathomingpigeonsreturnhomebyfollowinglandmarks

D.reporthomingpigeons,behaviorinsideacage

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfollowlandmarkslikeriversandmountains.

B.Theyareguidedbytheirpositionrelativetothestars.

C.Theyfeelvibrationsinnerveendingsintheirbrains.

D.Theyrespondtochangesinlight.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Changesinlightcauseelectronpairstochangethedirectionoftheirspin.

B.Magnetitecontainselectronsthatrepeleachother.

C.Electronsthatspininoppositedirectionsneutralizeeachother.

D.Thenucleusofanatomisorbitedbyelectronpairs.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句提到鳥(niǎo)類遷徙的主要原因是為了獲取食物和躲避不利的氣候，并舉了昆蟲(chóng)的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明食物對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類的遷徙有重大作用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段最后一句提到鳥(niǎo)類的大腦里有磁體，所以它們可以感應(yīng)南極跟北極的磁極磁場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第四段第一句提到了關(guān)于信鴿的實(shí)驗(yàn)，主要說(shuō)明了磁性在遷徙過(guò)程中起到了重要的作用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章第二段第一句somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges，排除選項(xiàng)A；第二段第四句otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebystars,排除選項(xiàng)B；第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight,排除D選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.文章第五段第二句electronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom，排除選項(xiàng)D；第五段第三句Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother，排除選項(xiàng)C；第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight，排除選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Tosomepeople,thegreatestpleasureoflifeistospendtheirtimeathomewatchingTVand（）theirpets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stroking

B.desiring

C.modeling

D.flattering

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。stroke"輕撫,撫摸";desire"希望,渴望";model"做模特;制作模型";flatter"奉承;諂媚"。句意：對(duì)某些人來(lái)說(shuō)，生活中最大的樂(lè)趣是花時(shí)間在家里看電視和撫摸他們的寵物。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.翻譯題

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使我的工作方便多了。我可以通過(guò)電子郵件撰寫、編輯并提交我的文章；在網(wǎng)上與我的同事聊天，與老板討論工作。我用鼠標(biāo)一擊，馬上就能拿到我要的一切資料，獲得最新的消息。可是，另一方面，用網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信有時(shí)也令人沮喪。系統(tǒng)有可能癱瘓。更糟的是，因?yàn)闆](méi)有面對(duì)面交談的情感提示，鍵出的詞有時(shí)似乎很難理解。

【答案】TheInternethasmademyjobaloteasier.Icanwrite,submitandeditarticlesviaemail,chatwithmycolleaguesonlineanddiscussworkwithmyboss.Withaclickofthemouse,IcangetallthedataIneedandkeepupwiththelatestnews.Butthen,communicatingthroughtheNetcanbefrustratingattimes.Thesystemmaycrash.Worststill,withouttheemotionalcuesofface-to-facecommunication,thetypedwordssometimesseemdifficulttointerpret.

4.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”

Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat’smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInternetnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhatthemostvaluableresourceintoday’ssocietyis____.

2.Welearnfromthispassagethatmanyexecutivesfeelthat____.

3.Thephrase“thecolonizationoftime”(Para.5)refersto____.

4.Intheseventhparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat____.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Technology

B.Economicassets

C.Accesstoinformation

D.Time

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.technologicaladvancesareessentialtotoday’seconomicsystem

B.technologyhasactuallyledtodeclineintheirqualityoflife

C.longerhoursaremakingtheirworkersmoreimpatientanduncivil

D.technologycanbeblamedformanyoftoday’ssocialproblems

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefillingofeverymomentoftimewithcommercialtransactions

B.thequestforefficiencyintheworkplace

C.thegrowinguseofelectronicmailandothertime-savingservices

D.theimpactoftechnologyonoursenseoftime

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.newtechnologiesmaymakepeoplemoreimpatient

B.socialconservativesdonotunderstandtheimportanceoftechnology

C.thespeedofmodernculturemayimpactourmoralandreligiousvalues

D.peopleinthetechnologysectorarelesscivilthanthoseinotherfields

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefutureofthetechnologicalRenaissance

B.EvenCorporateExecutivesGettheBlues

C.TheNewInternetEconomy

D.TheDisadvantagesofToomuchAccess

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorsuggeststhatthemostvaluableresourceintoday’ssocietyis____.作者認(rèn)為，當(dāng)今社會(huì)最有價(jià)值的資源是____。

A.TechnologyA.技術(shù)

B.EconomicassetsB.經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn)

C.AccesstoinformationC.獲取信息

D.TimeD.時(shí)間

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第五段“我們的每一個(gè)空閑時(shí)間都被某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系所填滿，使時(shí)間本身成為所有資源中最稀缺的（makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources）?！币虼诉xD。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B、C選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Welearnfromthispassagethatmanyexecutivesfeelthat____.我們從這篇文章中了解到，許多高管認(rèn)為_(kāi)___。

A.technologicaladvancesareessentialtotoday’seconomicsystemA.技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系至關(guān)重要

B.technologyhasactuallyledtodeclineintheirqualityoflifeB.科技實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致了他們生活質(zhì)量的下降

C.longerhoursaremakingtheirworkersmoreimpatientanduncivilC.更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作讓他們的員工更加不耐煩和無(wú)禮

D.technologycanbeblamedformanyoftoday’ssocialproblemsD.今天的許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題都?xì)w咎于技術(shù)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“我們?cè)诠ぷ鳌⒓彝ズ蜕鐓^(qū)中的生活質(zhì)量提高是否與所有的這些新型互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以及企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)的引入成正比？我曾向歐洲和美國(guó)的數(shù)百位首席執(zhí)行官和企業(yè)高管提出過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。令人驚訝的是，幾乎每個(gè)人都說(shuō)：‘不，恰恰相反?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，他們認(rèn)為，事實(shí)上，科技已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了生活質(zhì)量的下降。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系至關(guān)重要”，文章沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作讓他們的員工更加不耐煩和無(wú)禮”，文中提到“那些引領(lǐng)所謂‘技術(shù)復(fù)興’的人說(shuō)，他們工作的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)了，壓力更大了，更沒(méi)耐心了”，這些引領(lǐng)技術(shù)復(fù)興的人指的是公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)而不是員工，因此該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“今天的許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題都?xì)w咎于技術(shù)”，社會(huì)問(wèn)題太過(guò)廣泛，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thephrase“thecolonizationoftime”(Para.5)refersto____.“時(shí)間的殖民化”（第5段）指的是____。

A.thefillingofeverymomentoftimewithcommercialtransactionsA.每時(shí)每刻都充斥著商業(yè)交易

B.thequestforefficiencyintheworkplaceB.工作場(chǎng)所對(duì)效率的追求

C.thegrowinguseofelectronicmailandothertime-savingservicesC.越來(lái)越多地使用電子郵件和其他省時(shí)服務(wù)

D.theimpactoftechnologyonoursenseoftimeD.科技對(duì)我們時(shí)間觀念的影響

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph5與題干信息詞thecolonizationoftime可定位到第五段thecolonizationoftime之后“我們的每一個(gè)空閑時(shí)間都被某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系所填滿（Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection）”由此可推斷“時(shí)間的殖民化”指的就是每時(shí)每刻充滿商業(yè)交易。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“工作場(chǎng)所對(duì)效率的追求”，曲解原文，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷；

C選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多地使用電子郵件和其他省時(shí)服務(wù)”，曲解原文，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“科技對(duì)我們時(shí)間觀念的影響”，曲解原文，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Intheseventhparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat____.在第七段中，作者表示____。

A.newtechnologiesmaymakepeoplemoreimpatientA.新技術(shù)可能會(huì)讓人們更沒(méi)有耐心

B.socialconservativesdonotunderstandtheimportanceoftechnologyB.社會(huì)保守派不理解技術(shù)的重要性

C.thespeedofmodernculturemayimpactourmoralandreligiousvaluesC.現(xiàn)代文化的發(fā)展速度可能會(huì)影響我們的道德和宗教價(jià)值觀

D.peopleinthetechnologysectorarelesscivilthanthoseinotherfieldsD.技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的人比其他領(lǐng)域的人更不文明

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph7與題干信息可定位到第七段“有沒(méi)有人問(wèn)過(guò)，高速文化是否讓我們所有人變得更沒(méi)有耐心，更不愿意傾聽(tīng)、推遲、考慮和反思？（lesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為新技術(shù)可能會(huì)讓人們沒(méi)有耐心。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)保守派不理解技術(shù)的重要性”，文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代文化的發(fā)展速度可能會(huì)影響我們的道德和宗教價(jià)值觀”，由第七段可知，這是社會(huì)保守派的觀點(diǎn)，并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的人比其他領(lǐng)域的人更不文明”，文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe____.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是____。

A.ThefutureofthetechnologicalRenaissanceA.技術(shù)復(fù)興的未來(lái)

B.EvenCorporateExecutivesGettheBluesB.即使是企業(yè)高管也會(huì)感到沮喪

C.TheNewInternetEconomyC.新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

D.TheDisadvantagesofToomuchAccessD.過(guò)多訪問(wèn)的缺點(diǎn)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】作者在第一段提出了“新型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系”，接下來(lái)的段落主要討論的是新技術(shù)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，最后一段提出“也許我們需要問(wèn)問(wèn)，在電子經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，什么樣的連接才是真正重要的，什么樣的訪問(wèn)才是真正重要的。如果這場(chǎng)新技術(shù)革命僅僅是關(guān)于超高效率，那么我們可能會(huì)失去一些比時(shí)間更寶貴的東西?！本C合全文，文章主要講了過(guò)多訪問(wèn)的缺點(diǎn)，因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)復(fù)興的未來(lái)”，文中主要講新技術(shù)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，并沒(méi)有涉及技術(shù)復(fù)興的未來(lái)，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“即使是企業(yè)高管也會(huì)感到沮喪”，是對(duì)文章的片面概括，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)”，文中主要講互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的缺點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)范圍太廣，屬于過(guò)度推斷。

5.單選題

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。Guarantee“保證”；security“安全”；demand“需要”；prospective“預(yù)期，展望”。句意：健康、受良好教育的新一代是各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.翻譯題

即使在麥哲倫號(hào)航天器（Magellan）還未看穿金星（Venus）的云層覆蓋之前，天文學(xué)家（astronomer）便很有把握地相信金星上沒(méi)有水。金星的表面很熱，至少有450攝氏度。它的溫度超過(guò)了水星（Mercury），你也許認(rèn)為水星會(huì)比金星熱，因?yàn)樗x太陽(yáng)更近。然而，水星沒(méi)有保溫的大氣層。

金星大氣層中的二氧化碳（Carbondioxide）把太陽(yáng)的熱量保留了下來(lái)。這和溫室能夠保存太陽(yáng)的熱量好讓植物生長(zhǎng)類似。太陽(yáng)的光線能夠穿過(guò)云層到達(dá)金星表面，但其熱量卻無(wú)法逃逸。天文學(xué)家們懂得,水在如此熾熱的環(huán)境下是無(wú)法以液體的形式存在的。然而，它附近的兩顆行星——地球和火星（Mars）——卻存在著水或冰。金星過(guò)去是否也曾有過(guò)水？

麥哲倫號(hào)航天器發(fā)回的照片沒(méi)有提供曾有水存在的跡象。金星的表面有很多像河一樣的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的紋路，有些長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)百公里。但這些紋路似乎是熔巖（meltedrock）造成的，而不是水造成的。

金星上沒(méi)有古海洋的跡象，也沒(méi)有山巒被水沖刷的痕跡。一位天文學(xué)家說(shuō)，金星太熱，水星太冷，而地球恰好適合水的存在。

【答案】EvenbeforetheMagellanspacecraftsawthroughVenus’scloudcover,astronomerswereconfidentthatVenushadnowater.ThesurfaceofVenusisveryhot,atleast450degreesCelsius.It’shotterthanMercury,whichyoumightexpecttobehotterthanVenusbecauseit’sclosertotheSun.Mercury,however,hasnoinsulatingatmosphere.

TheCarbondioxideinVenus’atmospheretrapsthesun’sheat.Thisissimilartohowagreenhousepreservesthesun’sheattoallowplantstogrow.Thesun’srayscanpassthroughthecloudstoreachthesurfaceofVenus,butitsheatcannotescape.Astronomersknewthatwatercouldnotexistasaliquidinsuchhotconditions.However,twonearbyplanets,EarthandMars,havewaterorice.DidVenusoncehavewater?

PhotosfromtheMagellanspacecraftprovidenoevidencethatwatereverexisted.ThesurfaceofVenusislinedwithlongriverlines,somehundredsofkilometerslong.Buttheselinesseemtobecausedbylava,notwater.

Therearenosignsofanancientocean,ormountainswashedawaybywater.OneastronomersaysVenusistoohot,Mercuryistoocold,andEarthisjustrightforwater.

7.單選題

Whichsporthasthemostexpenses_______trainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inplaceof

B.bywayof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】inplaceof代替;bywayof經(jīng)由;intermsof依據(jù),按照,在……方面;bymeansof通過(guò),依靠。句意：哪項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)在訓(xùn)練器材、運(yùn)動(dòng)員個(gè)人裝備和隊(duì)服等方面的開(kāi)銷最大?選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Distrustingwomen,heremaineda（

）allhislife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.marshal

B.bandit

C.bachelor

D.burglar

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。marshal意為“元帥”；bandit意為“土匪，強(qiáng)盜”；bachelor意為“未婚男子，單身漢，學(xué)士”；burglar意為“竊賊”。

句意：由于不信任女人，他做了一輩子單身漢。

9.單選題

Shehasdecidedto（）somemoneyeverymonthtohelpthreepeasantgirlsinpoverty-strickenareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laydown

B.layside

C.setup

D.standupto

【答案】B

【解析】laydown放下，制定，鋪設(shè)，主張；layside擱置，儲(chǔ)蓄，留存；setup建立；standupto經(jīng)得起，抵抗。句意：她決定每個(gè)月存點(diǎn)錢幫助三個(gè)貧困地區(qū)的農(nóng)村女孩。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Accordingto（）sources,theLeaningTowerofPisaistobeuprightedunderarestorationplanbytheItalianGovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conformed

B.confirmed

C.informed

D.transformed

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。conformed"一致的,順從的";confirmed"確定的,堅(jiān)定的"";informed"消息靈通的,見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的";transformed"轉(zhuǎn)變的"。句意：據(jù)可靠消息,在意大利政府的一項(xiàng)恢復(fù)計(jì)劃中,比薩斜塔將得到修復(fù)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

11.單選題

Inthelastfewyears,intensivedesignanddevelopmenteffort______totheintroductionofelectronicexchanges.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenapplied

B.hasbeenapplied

C.isbeingapplied

D.wouldbeapplied

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在過(guò)去幾年中，密集的設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)努力已應(yīng)用于電子交換的引進(jìn)。根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞apply的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且將持續(xù)下去確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；根據(jù)主語(yǔ)intensivedesignanddevelopmenteffort是復(fù)數(shù)確定用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以A選項(xiàng)havebeenapplied符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Cultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.Anaccidentallanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturearetobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

1.ThelanguageofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtoWesternlanguagesarelimitedin（）.

2.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat（）.

3.Thearticlestatesthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotarticulatedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soundpatterns

B.vocabularies

C.grammaticalstructures

D.bothAandB

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

B.Alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans

C.Thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D.Thereisnohierarchyoflanguages

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.nowheretoday

B.amongtheAustralianaborigines

C.amongEasterncultures

D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

B.theirownsoundpatterns

C.anabilitytotransferideas

D.grammaticalstructures

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B.Thestudyoflanguagehasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.

C.Thestudyoflanguageisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第四句“TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.它們（不文明群體的語(yǔ)言）落后于我們的西方語(yǔ)言，通常不是在完全滿足所有語(yǔ)言所需要的聲音模式或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上，而只是在反映說(shuō)話者所知道的對(duì)象和活動(dòng)的詞匯上?！庇纱丝芍?，與西方語(yǔ)言相比，不文明群體的語(yǔ)言在詞匯方面受到限制，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“對(duì)于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，文化之間沒(méi)有本質(zhì)上的優(yōu)越，正如對(duì)于專業(yè)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)言之間也沒(méi)有本質(zhì)上的等級(jí)關(guān)系?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段一、二句的內(nèi)容“人們?cè)?jīng)認(rèn)為落后群體的語(yǔ)言是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的語(yǔ)言形式，主要由咕噥和呻吟組成。雖然語(yǔ)言可能是從一系列的咕噥和呻吟開(kāi)始的，但對(duì)‘落后’語(yǔ)言的研究證實(shí)，現(xiàn)在的口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言都不符合這一描述?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，咕噥和呻吟的語(yǔ)言形式現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在了，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段提及“Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.所有的語(yǔ)言似乎都有擴(kuò)充詞匯的機(jī)制，它們可以把已經(jīng)存在的詞匯組合在一起，也可以從其他語(yǔ)言中借用詞匯并使其適應(yīng)自己的系統(tǒng)?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言無(wú)論文明與否，都有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的潛力，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“這種對(duì)語(yǔ)言的研究，反過(guò)來(lái)又為人類學(xué)家的主張?zhí)峁┝诵碌木€索，即所有的文化都應(yīng)該被獨(dú)立地看待，沒(méi)有等級(jí)或?qū)蛹?jí)的觀念?！边x項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有信息體現(xiàn)；D選項(xiàng)是原文明確提出的觀點(diǎn)，不符合題干的意思。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)語(yǔ)言的研究強(qiáng)化了人類學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，即文化之間沒(méi)有等級(jí)之分”與最后一段表達(dá)的意思一致，所以正確。

13.單選題

Paleontologists’assumptionsabouttheequablenatureoftheclimateontheprimevalislandofPangaeaare（

）computersimulationsindicatingthattheisland’stemperaturestendedtofluctuateduringthecourseofayear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.underminedby

B.bolsteredby

C.bolsteredby

D.challengedby

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。underminedby被推翻。bolster支持，支撐。confirm確認(rèn)，確定。challenge挑戰(zhàn)。句意：古生物學(xué)家認(rèn)定泛大陸早期島嶼的氣候是恒定的，而計(jì)算機(jī)模擬表明島上的溫度整年都處于變化中。這結(jié)果推翻了之前的認(rèn)定。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.翻譯題

Foracenturyorso,theshoppingritualatdealershowroomsfornewandusedvehicleshasn’tchangedmuch,apartfrommorecomfortablechairsandtheadditionoflatte(拿鐵咖啡)machines.

ButtheInternetisunravelingtheessenceofnew-carretailing,armingshopperswithmoreinformationthaneveraboutfeaturesandprices,and(as)wellasexpertreviews.Willshopperssoonbeabletotakethenextstepandordernewcarsonline,likebooks,laptopsandshoes?

ThedebateoverInternetvehiclesalesrages,sinceautomakersseeif(it)asawaytoslashdistributioncostsbyhundreds,andperhapsafewthousanddollarspervehicle.Dealersareaghast:Theyhaveshieldedtheirfranchisesineverystatewithlegislation.ManyviewInternetsalesasameansofunderminingthem.Dealersassertthat“carsaren’tbooksorshoes”andarebestsoldinpersonbytheirsalesstaff,aprocessthatallowstheshoppertotestthevehicle,aswellasexplorefinancingandtrade-ins.

TeslaMotors(TSLA.，thegroundbreakingelectric-vehiclemanufacturerfoundedbyElonMusk,takesordersforitsModelSsedan,whichstartsat$70.000,onitswebsite.Thecarsaredeliveredeitheratoneofits30company-ownedstoresorcanbedrop-shippedtoabuyer’shome.Tesla,clearly,isbuckinglawandtradition.“InTexas,wherethelawprecludesdeliveringdirectlytocustomers,wedosothroughthird-parties,”saidSharmaHendriks,aTeslaspokesperson.“We’renotsayingwe’llneverhavedealers;butthatmodeldoesn’tmakesenseforusnow.

Becausethemarketforusedcarsisn’tprotectedbynew-carfranchiselaws,itmayprovideamorepromisingopportunityforonlinevehiclesales.eBayMotors,adivisionofeBay(EBAY),offersthousandsofvehiclesonlineforsalesbetweenprivateparties.Manyused-cardealersalsousethedigitalplatformandpayalistingfee.

Carvana,aventuresponsoredbyDriveTime,oneofthenation’slargestused-caroperations,hasbegunsellinglate-modelusedpremiumandluxurymodelsonitsownwebsite.CarvanaoperatesforthetimebeingonlyinAtlantaanditsenvironsbuthopestoexpandnationwide.

ErnieGarciaJr.,Carvana’schiefexecutiveofficer,saidthatthefirsthundredvehiclessoldbyCarvanareflectwhathecalleda“promising”trendofhighsatisfactionamongbuyers.Fourbuyersofthefirsthundredweren’tsatisfiedwiththeirpurchaseandexercisedtheirrighttotradethevehiclestheyboughtforanother.Onlyoneofthehundreddemandedarefund.

Garciasaidthatsalesofnewandusedvehiclesatdealerships,intheconventionalmanner,reflectabout“$2,000acar”insales,generalandadministrativecost.Heregardsthatamountasmarginthatcanandwilleventuallyshrinkasonlineattractsmorevehicleshoppers.New-vehiclesalesonlinehaven’tarrived,andperhapsmaynever.Yetthatdayfeelsasthoughit’sdrawingcloser,especiallyforconsumerswhowillchooseanythingandeverything-includingaspouse-usingkeypadormouse.

Foracenturyorso,theshoppingritualatdealershowroomsfornewan