考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津職業(yè)技術(shù)師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津職業(yè)技術(shù)師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的足球隊(duì)正在和英國(guó)哥倫比亞大學(xué)的球隊(duì)……。meet“滿足，遇見(jiàn)”；contest“比賽，競(jìng)賽”；concede“承認(rèn)，讓步”；contemplate“考慮，沉思”。根據(jù)“ourfootballteam”可知是在進(jìn)行比賽，contend的意思是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；斗爭(zhēng)”。因此，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

InitiallytheLincolnadministrationrefusedblackvolunteers;theyfearedthattheappearanceofblackYankeesonthebattlefieldmightsuggestthatthewar______otherpurposesinadditiontotherestorationoftheUnion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.had

C.hadhad

D.wouldhave

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此句中的suggest意為“表明”，不表示“建議”，因此從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)feared可知空格為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，因此選B。句意：起初，林肯政府拒絕黑人志愿者；他們擔(dān)心黑人出現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，可能表明這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)除了恢復(fù)聯(lián)邦之外，還有其他目的。

3.單選題

“Youmustalwaysobeyyourleaders.’’Oh,Imust,（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustn’tI

B.mustI

C.shouldn’tI

D.shouldI

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“你必須服從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。“噢，難道必須嗎？”

語(yǔ)法題。考查反義疑問(wèn)句。反問(wèn)用法(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ))表示對(duì)說(shuō)話對(duì)象的質(zhì)疑,反對(duì),驚訝或反駁。

4.單選題

Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.Andcertaintywastobeproducedbyadeductivemodel:thecorrectactionswerederivablefromclassicalfirstprinciplesorahierarchicallyrankedpantheonofprinciples.Thismodel,though,isbankrupt.

Isuggestwethinkofethicsasanalogoustolanguageusage.Therearenounivocalrulesofgrammarandstylewhichuniquelydeterminethebestsentenceforaparticularsituation.Norislanguageusageuniversalizable.Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.

Thisshouldnotsurpriseusintheleast.Allintellectualpursuitsarerelativisticinjustthesesenses.Politicalscience,psychology,chemistryandphysicsarenotcertain,buttheyarenotsubjectiveeither.AsIseeit,ethicalinquiryproceedslikethis:wearetaughtmoralprinciplesbyparents,teachers,andsocietyatlarge.Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.Orwemayfindourselvesinexplicablymakingcertainvaluations,possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.Orwemayreflectuponourownandothers’“theories”orpatternsofbehavioranddecidetheyareinconsistent.Theresultingviewsare“tested”;weactaswethinkweshouldandevaluatetheconsequencesofthoseactionsonourselvesandonothers.Wetherebycorrectourmistakesinlightofthetestoftime.

Ofcoursepeoplemakedifferentmoraljudgments;ofcoursewecannotresolvethesedifferencesbyusingsomealgorithmwhichisitselfbeyondjudgment.Wehavenovantagepointoutsidehumanexperiencewherewecanjudgerightandwrong,goodandbad.Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.

Weareleftwithintherealworld,tryingtocopewithourselves,witheachother,withtheworld,andwithourownfallibility.Wedonothaveallthemoralanswers;nordowehaveanalgorithmtodiscernthoseanswers.Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.

Ifweunderstandethicsinthisway,wecansee,Ithink,therealvalueofethicaltheory.Somepeopletalkasifethicaltheoriesgiveusmoralprescriptions.Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.Notheoryprovidesasetofabstractsolutionstoapplystraightforwardly.Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.

21.Ethicalprinciplesaregenerallythoughttobe________.

22.Inwhatwayisethicssimilartolanguageuse?

23.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatwemaylearnmoralprinciples“thehardway”?

24.Itisimpliedinthetextthatarelativisticviewofethnics________.

25.Theauthorassertsthatthetruevalueofethicaltheoryliesin________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicitlyclear

B.implicitlyvague

C.certainbutnon-rational

D.relativebutnotsubjective

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bothhaverulestodeterminetheoptimalchoiceunderacircumstance.

B.Bothvaryaccordingtothecontexttheyareapplicableto.

C.Bothareobjective,notsubjective,entities.

D.Similarsetsofrulescanbeappliedinquitedifferentsituations.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wereevaluateourpreviouslyheldbeliefsaswegrowolder.

B.Werefutesomemoralprinciplesonlyafterwefindtheminconsistent.

C.Weacquireasenseofrightandwrongfromreallifelessons.

D.Weactbyignoringourinheritedaltruistictendencies.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybeacquiredafterreallifelessons

B.oftengenerateunacceptableconsequences

C.ismorematureandrational

D.istooabstracttobeofanypracticalvalue

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itsprescriptivepower

B.itsdiagnosticfunction

C.itseffectivenessinresolvingmoraldilemmas

D.itsrelevancetothesituation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】21.實(shí)施細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.（我們假定道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要確定性的密封，否則它就是非理性的。），可知道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被視為非常明確，絕對(duì)，并且不是非理性的，A選項(xiàng)“明確清晰的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“隱隱約約，模糊”，C選項(xiàng)“確定但非理性”錯(cuò)誤和D選項(xiàng)“相對(duì)但不主觀”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.（雖然一個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)在某種情況下是正當(dāng)?shù)?，但這并不意味著它在類似的情況下自動(dòng)適用。），可知道德和語(yǔ)言沒(méi)有固定和絕對(duì)的使用方法，而是要根據(jù)情況而定，也沒(méi)有特定情況，B選項(xiàng)“兩者都根據(jù)它們適用的背景而不同”正確，A選項(xiàng)“兩者都有在特定情況下決定最佳選擇的規(guī)則”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“兩者都是客觀的，而不是主觀的實(shí)體”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.（然而，語(yǔ)言的使用并不是主觀的。），作者說(shuō)的然而，可知作者想要表達(dá)的是語(yǔ)言是客觀的，而道德不是客觀的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“類似的規(guī)則可以應(yīng)用于相當(dāng)不同的情況”：沒(méi)有提到類似的規(guī)則的用法，屬于過(guò)度推斷，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.（我們可能會(huì)“吃了苦頭才明白”，有些行為會(huì)產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果。），行為產(chǎn)生后果，這里指的是在實(shí)際生活中檢驗(yàn)對(duì)錯(cuò)，B選項(xiàng)“我們駁斥一些道德原則，只是在我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們不一致之后”錯(cuò)誤和C選項(xiàng)“我們從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的教訓(xùn)中獲得對(duì)與錯(cuò)的意識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們會(huì)重新評(píng)估以前持有的信念”：根據(jù)第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.（隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們會(huì)接觸到不同的觀點(diǎn)。這些可能會(huì)引導(dǎo)我們重新評(píng)估目前持有的信念。），可知重新評(píng)估以前持有的信念和接觸不同觀點(diǎn)有關(guān)，重新評(píng)估不是駁斥，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“我們通過(guò)忽視我們遺傳的利他主義傾向來(lái)行動(dòng)”：根據(jù)第三段第七句possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.（這可能是因?yàn)檫z傳的利他主義傾向。），可知并沒(méi)有忽視利他主義，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.（但是我們也沒(méi)有一個(gè)有利的位置，讓我們成為哲學(xué)相對(duì)主義者。）和第五段最后一句Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.（我們也沒(méi)有確定語(yǔ)言正確用法的算法，但這并不會(huì)讓我們因?yàn)樵僖膊荒芙涣鞫^望地舉手投降。），可知相對(duì)主義的觀念里，事情沒(méi)有固定的解決辦法，有時(shí)也會(huì)遇到困境，但是總體來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)積極面對(duì)，C選項(xiàng)“更加成熟和理性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“只有在真正的生活教訓(xùn)后才能獲得”：根據(jù)第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.（隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們會(huì)接觸到不同的觀點(diǎn)。這些可能會(huì)引導(dǎo)我們重新評(píng)估目前持有的信念。），可知不同的觀點(diǎn)也會(huì)對(duì)此有幫助，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.（我們可能會(huì)“吃了苦頭才明白”，有些行為會(huì)產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果。），可知不可接受的后果由某些行為產(chǎn)生，與相對(duì)主義無(wú)關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“太抽象了，沒(méi)有任何實(shí)用價(jià)值”：根據(jù)第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.（倫理理論之所以重要，并不是因?yàn)樗鼈兘鉀Q了所有的道德困境，而是因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭覀冏⒁獾降赖聠?wèn)題的顯著特征，并幫助我們?cè)谇榫持欣斫膺@些問(wèn)題。），可知相對(duì)主義在實(shí)際生活中有價(jià)值，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.（倫理理論之所以重要，并不是因?yàn)樗鼈兘鉀Q了所有的道德困境，而是因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭覀冏⒁獾降赖聠?wèn)題的顯著特征，并幫助我們?cè)谇榫持欣斫膺@些問(wèn)題。），可知道德論的真正意義是幫助我們?cè)谇榫持欣斫鈫?wèn)題，不能直接解決問(wèn)題，D選項(xiàng)“與情況的相關(guān)性”正確，C選項(xiàng)“解決道德困境的有效性”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“指令權(quán)”和B選項(xiàng)“診斷功能”：根據(jù)第六段第三、四句Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.（他們認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該像使用膏藥一樣應(yīng)用倫理原則：診斷出食物后，我們使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆罅?。但這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。），可知道德論和藥不是一回事，診斷以后就可以開藥，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Mutualtradeimplies（

）advantages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allied

B.cooperative

C.periodical

D.reciprocal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。allied“聯(lián)合的；同盟的”；cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；periodical“周期的；定期的”；reciprocal“互惠的；相互的”。句意：雙邊貿(mào)易意味著互惠的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成損失，造成傷亡；makeadifference有影響，有關(guān)系；showup出現(xiàn)，揭露。

句意：我很高興的聽(tīng)說(shuō)你找到了工作，在學(xué)校里一切的努力顯然都得到了回報(bào)。只有選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

BecausewehadeatenturkeyonThanksgivingforsomanyyears,wewonderedwhethersomeotherdishmightbeanequallytasty______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alternative

B.alternation

C.altercation

D.allusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alternative“二中擇一；供替代的選擇；替代品”；B選項(xiàng)alternation“交替，輪流，間隔”；C選項(xiàng)altercation“爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵；爭(zhēng)辯；口角”；D選項(xiàng)allusion“典故；暗指；提及；故事”。句意：由于這么多年來(lái)我們?cè)诟卸鞴?jié)時(shí)都吃火雞，我們從未想過(guò)是否其他的飯菜會(huì)成為同樣可口的替代。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。baseon“基于”，which指代先行詞sufficientgrounds。baseon中的介詞on前置，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational（

）areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.dominance

C.prerequisite

D.priority

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)requirement“所需的東西，必要條件”；B選項(xiàng)dominance“支配，控制”；C選項(xiàng)prerequisite“先決條件，前提”；D選項(xiàng)priority“優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，首要事情，優(yōu)先”。由Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational_______areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.（大多數(shù)國(guó)家強(qiáng)調(diào)消除暴力，特別是家庭暴力，作為國(guó)家犯罪預(yù)防政策的______領(lǐng)域）可知D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：大多數(shù)國(guó)家強(qiáng)調(diào)消除暴力，特別是家庭暴力，作為國(guó)家犯罪預(yù)防政策的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域。

10.單選題

Thebestwaytocontrolratsisbyseeingthattheyhaveas______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.possiblylittlenourishment

B.nourishmentpossiblylittle

C.littleaspossiblenourishment

D.littlenourishmentaspossible

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法?？崭裉幮枰钊雱?dòng)詞have的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)包含as…as句式。as…aspossible固定搭配表示“盡可能”。A、B都缺少與as搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)，C語(yǔ)序有誤，均可排除。句意：控制老鼠的最好方法就是務(wù)必讓他們得到盡可能少的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

WhentheBritishgovernmenttriedto

newemploymentlegislation,therewasageneralstrike.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhance

B.reinvigorate

C.attribute

D.implement

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。enhance“提高”；reinvigorate“使再振興”；attribute“歸屬，歸功于……”；implement“實(shí)施；執(zhí)行”。句意：當(dāng)英國(guó)政府試圖實(shí)施新的就業(yè)法時(shí)，發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大罷工。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

AbigprobleminlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunitiesfor（

）interactionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.instantaneous

B.provocative

C.verbal

D.dual

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的；即時(shí)的”；B選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的；氣人的”；C選項(xiàng)verbal“口頭的；言語(yǔ)的”；D選項(xiàng)dual“雙的；雙重的”。句意：把英語(yǔ)作為一門外語(yǔ)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的大問(wèn)題在于缺少與精通英語(yǔ)的人進(jìn)行……交流的機(jī)會(huì)。綜合句意與選項(xiàng)可知，大問(wèn)題是缺少與speakerofEnglish進(jìn)行“口頭交流”的機(jī)會(huì)。C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.案例題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(財(cái)政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可以看出，美國(guó)民眾和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)移民影響的看法不同。選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)給出了自己的看法，不存在困擾一說(shuō)；選項(xiàng)B美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)去因移民而得以繁榮，在第一段并沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)C經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)移民，在第一段中也沒(méi)有信息提及。

2.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以當(dāng)?shù)氐图寄芄と耸芤泼裼绊懽畲蟮脑蚴撬麄兒茈y找到一份收入體面的工作。

4.

根據(jù)第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他們最擔(dān)心的是移民帶來(lái)的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.

根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有諷刺意味的是，外界所有過(guò)度興奮的辯論，對(duì)移民的影響卻微乎其微。選項(xiàng)C人們對(duì)某些影響很小的事情其實(shí)有些小題大做了，符合原文。

14.單選題

Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞用法。句意：我女兒今天已經(jīng)走了8英里，我們從沒(méi)想過(guò)她能走那么遠(yuǎn)。such后面常接名詞或名詞詞組，排除B；as后接副詞常用在“as…as…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，排除D。that作副詞，意思是“那樣，那么”，可放在形容詞或副詞之前，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章開頭介紹了“復(fù)興”一詞的來(lái)源及興起。第二段寫文藝復(fù)興影響人們音樂(lè)思考和音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作的方式。第三段寫這一時(shí)期的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格多變，很難定義為單一的音樂(lè)類型。C項(xiàng)對(duì)文意的概括比較全面，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（對(duì)于這些學(xué)者而言，文藝復(fù)興意味著對(duì)人類價(jià)值而非精神方面的回歸）。C項(xiàng)“重視人類價(jià)值觀的主張”符合原文意思。

3.B項(xiàng)“僅僅描述人生經(jīng)歷中快樂(lè)的部分”不是藝術(shù)家和作家的目的，故選B。

4.“disseminated”出現(xiàn)在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（這些觀點(diǎn)的改變深深地影響了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的音樂(lè)文化——人們思考音樂(lè)的方式以及音樂(lè)的創(chuàng)作、體驗(yàn)、爭(zhēng)議和）。所以，C項(xiàng)spread“傳播”正確。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世紀(jì)半葉，音樂(lè)變化如此之快，盡管在不同的國(guó)家以不同的速度變化，但我們無(wú)法定義一種文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D項(xiàng)“音樂(lè)無(wú)法長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的保持一種形式”正確。

16.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren'treallydrugsatall______sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.otherthan

D.butrather

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。orrather“倒不如說(shuō)”；ratherthan“而不是”；otherthan“除了，不同于”；butrather“而是”。句意：有時(shí)候幫助病人緩解疼痛的藥物并不是真正的藥物而是一些不含活性化學(xué)元素的糖丸。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Waterwillcontinuetobe（）itistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.which

C.as

D.what

【答案】C

【解析】句意：水將繼續(xù)保持現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),

即重要性僅次于氧的這種狀態(tài)。as...正如...一樣,

選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone（）me.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.telephoned

B.hastelephoned

C.telephones

D.shouldtelephone

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。Thisisthefirst（序數(shù)詞）timethat…表示“第一次做某事”，后面的從句一定要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成have/hasdone。句意：你可能不會(huì)相信，這已經(jīng)是今晚第三次有人給我打電話了。hastelephoned使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。

19.單選題

Much（

）IlikedJane,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】

考查連詞辨析。while雖然；as同樣；muchas表示雖然，即使；since既然；for為了。句意：盡管我喜歡Jane,但我討厭她有時(shí)跟我說(shuō)話高傲的語(yǔ)氣。由like和hated可知，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故答案B

20.填空題

Althoughpersonalitychangeis________difficult,sometimespeoplecanchangethemostdysfunctionalaspectsoftheirfeelingsandbehavior.(exceed)

【答案】exceedingly

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】副詞。

【解題思路】在is________difficult中，is和difficult是系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)，橫線所在內(nèi)容修飾形容詞difficult，應(yīng)該為副詞，exceedingly“極其”符合語(yǔ)境，指的是性格的改變極其困難。

【句意】雖然性格的改變極其困難，但有時(shí)人們可以改變他們的感覺(jué)和行為中最不正常的方面。

21.單選題

（

）energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Accumulated

B.Gathered

C.Assembled

D.Collected

【答案】A

【解析】同義詞辨析題。Accumulate累積，積攢，側(cè)重于連續(xù)不斷的長(zhǎng)期的積累；Gather聚集，側(cè)重于將分散的東西聚集到一起；Assemble集合，聚集，側(cè)重于由于某種目的而聚集在一起；Collect收集，側(cè)重于物品的收集，采集。句意：地下累積的能量必須以某種形式釋放出來(lái)，比如地震。這里指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間積累下來(lái)的能力，所以選項(xiàng)A最恰當(dāng)。

22.單選題

Heopenedhislipsasif（）something.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.saying

B.havingsaid

C.tohavesaid

D.tosay

【答案】D

【解析】考查asif的用法。asif引導(dǎo)從句，結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”，并且主語(yǔ)跟系動(dòng)詞都可以省略。本句完整的句子應(yīng)該是：heopenedhislipsasifhewasgoingtosaysomething.其中asif引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)跟系動(dòng)詞可以省略，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

23.單選題

DonHambrick,amanagementprofessoratPennState'sSmealCollegeofBusiness,says"It'sbecomemuchmore_______andalotlessfuntobeanexecutiveordirector."

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sinking

B.indifferent

C.taxing

D.slouching

【答案】C

【解析】sinking沉沒(méi);indifferent無(wú)關(guān)緊要的;taxing繁重的,費(fèi)力的;slouching沒(méi)精打采的,懶散的。句意：賓夕法尼亞州Smeal大學(xué)商學(xué)院管理學(xué)教授DonHambrick表示:“做一名主管或總監(jiān)更費(fèi)力，也少了許多樂(lè)趣。”選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

24.單選題

China'spopulationisunevenlydistributed,withthecoastalareasintheeastthemost（

）populated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.vastly

C.enormously

D.largely

【答案】A

【解析】句意:中國(guó)的人口分布不均，東部沿海地區(qū)人口最密集。

考查副詞辨析。Densely濃密地,稠密地,密集地;vastly極大地,廣大地;enormously非常,極其;largely在很大程度上,多半,主要地?？崭裉幮稳萑丝诿芗?故A符合句意。

25.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural（祌經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”，heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchsteinsfrom（）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”（L