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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉首大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which(
),increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.
問題1選項
A.bychance
B.inturn
C.byfortune
D.incase
【答案】B
【解析】句意:有壓力的環(huán)境導致如不好的飲食習慣這樣的不健康的行為,依次增加高血壓和心臟病的風險。
短語辨析。Bychance偶然,意外;inturn輪流,依次;byfortune幸運;incase萬一,假如.。故B符合句意。
2.單選題
Notonly(
)todeterminethedepthoftheoceanfloor,butitisalsousedtolocateoil.
問題1選項
A.touseseismology
B.isseismologyused
C.tohavestarted
D.usingseismology
【答案】B
【解析】考查部分倒裝。notonly位于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),即將系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前,放在主語前。
句意:地震學不僅用來確定海底的深度,而且還被用來定位石油。
3.單選題
Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.
Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.
Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor.Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.
Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutthecriteria.
Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)
Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.
Onthecrucialquestionofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.Pediatricianswillusuallyagreetoaninterview;busyinternistsoftenwon’t.
6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?
7.Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.
8.Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.
9.Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.
10.StrategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallEXCEPT____.
問題1選項
A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.
B.Patientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealth.
C.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.
D.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.
問題2選項
A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals
B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatology
C.theyhavearegularsourceofcare
D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctor
問題3選項
A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedication
B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcosts
C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcare
D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcare
問題4選項
A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatients
B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatients
C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracredits
D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsured
問題5選項
A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhours
B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviews
C.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcenters
D.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】6.【選項釋義】
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?下面哪個陳述最好地表達了這篇文章的主要思想?
A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.A.初級醫(yī)生通常有一個可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡。
B.PatientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealthB.病人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn),當他們在身體健康時,預約成功要容易得多。
C.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.C.人們健康的時候不需要與醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系。
D.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.D.預約到有能力的醫(yī)生需要一些策略。
【考查點】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu):本文的行文邏輯為“總分式”,首段提出觀點,總領全文,后文就首段提出的觀點給出具體的建議。首段第2句說到“這項工作應該在最先完成,即:專家們強調(diào),人們應該在身體健康的時候找醫(yī)生并建立聯(lián)系(peopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth)”;第2-7段分別為作者對“如何預約到有實力的醫(yī)生”給出的策略或者需要考慮的因素,D選項“預約到有能力的醫(yī)生需要一些策略”符合題意。(另外,第10題的題干也提示了“預約醫(yī)生的策略”。)
【干擾項排除】
A選項“初級醫(yī)生通常有一個可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡”,僅在原文第2段提到,不能概括全文主旨,該選項屬于以偏概全;
B選項“病人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn),當他們在身體健康時,預約成功要容易得多”,僅在原文第1段提到,不能概括全文主旨,該選項屬于以偏概全;
C選項“人們健康的時候不需要與醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”,表述與原文不符,原文第1段第2句提到“專家們強調(diào),人們應該在身體健康的時候找醫(yī)生并建立關(guān)系”。
7.【選項釋義】
Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.除了婦科醫(yī)生,女性也應該與內(nèi)科醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系,因為____。
A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferralsA.每個內(nèi)科醫(yī)生都有一個可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡
B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatologyB.一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生只接受過心臟病學或風濕病學的培訓
C.theyhavearegularsourceofcareC.他們有常規(guī)的治療來源
D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctorD.他們不需要總是跟醫(yī)生預約
【考查點】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternist定位到原文第3段第1句,該句提到“加林醫(yī)生說,但也應該和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生聯(lián)系一下?!痹摼浜笠痪涮岬健敖酉聛恚瑱z查你的健康計劃中的醫(yī)生名單”,說明作者已經(jīng)開始介紹另一個策略了,因此本題的答案應該往前找。原文第2段提到“有常規(guī)治療來源的病人(patientswitharegularsourceofcare)得到更好的護理”,緊接著說“盡管一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生在心臟病學或風濕病學方面有額外的培訓,但初級保健醫(yī)生也有一個可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡?!庇纱送茢?,專家建議女性應該和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生聯(lián)系一下,是因為他們有可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡,即常規(guī)治療來源,C選項“他們有常規(guī)的治療來源”表述正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“每個內(nèi)科醫(yī)生都有一個可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡”,“每個”的表述不恰當,該選項屬于過度推理;
B選項“一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生只接受過心臟病學或風濕病學的培訓”,表述不符合原文,原文第2段第2句提到“心臟病學或風濕病學的培訓”是內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的額外訓練(additionaltraining),說明他們還接受了其他訓練,該選項屬于偷換概念;
D選項“他們不需要總是跟醫(yī)生預約”,原文只是說有常規(guī)護理來源的能得到更好的治療(getbettercare),并沒有說就不需要預約了,該選項屬于過度推理。
8.【選項釋義】
Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.對于沒有保險的人,專家建議____。
A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedicationA.他們要負責化驗、驗血、手術(shù)和用藥的費用
B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcostsB.他們和醫(yī)生達成協(xié)議,調(diào)整需承擔的費用
C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcareC.他們?nèi)ド鐓^(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所接受免費醫(yī)療
D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcareD.他們訪問美國家庭網(wǎng)站尋找免費醫(yī)療
【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theuninsured和suggest定位到原文第5段第1句,該句提到“如果你沒有保險,可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商(negotiatewithadoctor),讓醫(yī)生同意降低費用(agreeonareducedfee)”,由此可知,B選項“他們和醫(yī)生達成協(xié)議,調(diào)整需承擔的費用”,表述正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“他們要負責化驗、驗血、手術(shù)和用藥的費用”,可定位到原文第5段第1句,該句提到“你還是要承擔(youwillalsoberesponsiblefor)實驗室檢測、血液檢測、X光、程序和藥物的費用”,由此可知,該選項只是在陳述事實,而非專家的建議;
C選項“他們?nèi)ド鐓^(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所接受免費醫(yī)療”,可定位到第5段第2句,該句提到“這些費用更有可能由社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心或醫(yī)院診所按浮動比例支付或收?。╞ecoveredorcharged)。”由此可知,社區(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所并不提供免費醫(yī)療,并且這不是專家的建議,該選項屬于曲解原文;
D選項“他們訪問美國家庭網(wǎng)站尋找免費醫(yī)療”,可定位到第5段最后一句,該句提到“您可以在美國家庭網(wǎng)站www.的‘消費者資源’中找到?!备鶕?jù)上下文可知,這個網(wǎng)址是找社區(qū)健康中心或者醫(yī)院診所的,并且這些醫(yī)療也并不是免費的,該選項屬于曲解原文。
9.【選項釋義】
Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.專家提示,如果一個醫(yī)生使用電子病歷,那么____。
A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatientsA.這個醫(yī)生應該是病人優(yōu)先選擇的對象
B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatientsB.這位醫(yī)生一定很受病人歡迎
C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracreditsC.病人應該給醫(yī)生額外的贊揚
D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsuredD.未投保的人可能會比已投保的人被收取更多的費用
【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞adoctoruseselectronicrecords定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段最后一句,該句提到“如果醫(yī)生使用電子病歷(thedoctoruseselectronicrecords),這是一個優(yōu)點(aplus)?!绷硗?,本段第一句提到“其他需要考慮的因素是……(Otherfactorstoconsiderare…)”由此可知,使用電子病歷的醫(yī)生是相對來說可靠的、好的醫(yī)生;另外,全文主要是介紹如何挑選好的醫(yī)生并與之建立聯(lián)系,A選項“這個醫(yī)生應該是病人優(yōu)先選擇的對象”,符合原文。
【干擾項排除】
B選項“這位醫(yī)生一定很受病人歡迎”,原文只是說這是該醫(yī)生的優(yōu)點,并沒有提到一定特別受歡迎,該選項屬于過度推測;
C選項“病人應該給醫(yī)生額外的贊揚”,專家說這是一個優(yōu)點,并不是為了要贊揚醫(yī)生,而是告訴讀者可以選擇這樣的醫(yī)生,該選項屬于曲解原文;
D選項“未投保的人可能會比已投保的人被收取更多的費用”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有。
10.【選項釋義】
StrategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallEXCEPT____.更容易預約醫(yī)生的策略包括除____以外的所有內(nèi)容。
A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhoursA.與一位晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系
B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviewsB.通過會面與醫(yī)生的建立舒適的關(guān)系
C.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcentersC.為了在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心享受降低一點的費用而不買保險
D.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpracticeD.找一個屬于某個醫(yī)療團隊的醫(yī)生且這個團隊進行當前最新的醫(yī)療實踐
【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。
【解題思路】本題要求選原文沒有提到的策略。C選項“為了在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心享受降低一點的費用而不買保險”,可定位到原文第5段第1句,該句提到“如果你沒有保險(Ifyou’reuninsured),你可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商降低費用……”原文只是說沒有買保險的人可以跟醫(yī)生商量少收一些費用,并不是建議不買保險,選項表述錯誤,本末倒置,符合題意。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“與一位晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”,可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段第1句,該句提到“其他需要考慮的因素(Otherfactorstoconsider)包括醫(yī)生是否有晚上和周末的時間(whetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours)……”,由此可知,晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生更方便建立關(guān)系和預約看病,選項表述正確,不符合題意,該選項屬于反向干擾;
B選項“通過會面與醫(yī)生建立舒適的關(guān)系”,可定位到原文最后一段第1句,該句提到“關(guān)于你是否能跟你選擇的醫(yī)生相處愉快(whetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctor)這個關(guān)鍵問題,直到你們見了面(meetwiththedoctor),你才會知道?!庇纱丝芍ㄟ^雙方面對面交往,才能知道是否能跟對方相處愉快,才能建立舒適的關(guān)系,選項表述正確,不符合題意,該選項屬于反向干擾;
D選項“找一個屬于某個醫(yī)療團隊的醫(yī)生且這個團隊進行當前最新的醫(yī)療實踐”,可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段倒數(shù)第2句,該句提到“集體實踐(grouppractices)往往更有效率,團體醫(yī)生更有可能保持最新的醫(yī)療實踐(stayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice)?!庇纱丝芍髡吒扑]處于某個醫(yī)學團隊的醫(yī)生,選項表述正確,不符合題意,該選項屬于反向干擾。
4.單選題
Thissummittalkisthoughttobeinstrumentalinbringingaboutpeaceinthisregion.
問題1選項
A.helpful
B.useless
C.harmless
D.inappropriate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instrumental表示“有幫助的,樂器的”;A項helpful“有幫助的”,B項useless“無用的”,C項harmless“無害的,無惡意的”,D項inappropriate“不適當?shù)?,不相稱的”。句意:人們認為,這次首腦會談有助于在該地區(qū)實現(xiàn)和平。根據(jù)句意可知,該題選擇A項正確。
5.單選題
TheworkersofspaceshuttleDiscoverygotintothebackoftheshuttletolookfor_______intheelectronicsthatsenddatafromthesensorstoonboardcomputers.
問題1選項
A.glitches
B.suspects
C.orbiters
D.pitches
【答案】A
【解析】glitch失靈,小故障;suspect嫌疑犯;orbiter盤旋物,人造衛(wèi)星;pitch斜度。句意:航天飛機“發(fā)現(xiàn)者”號上的工作人員們進入飛機的后部,尋找將數(shù)據(jù)從傳感器發(fā)送到機載計算機上的電子設備的故障。選項A符合句意。
6.單選題
Atfirst,movieswerelittlemorethanamusingthatappearedtomove.
問題1選項
A.novels
B.novelties
C.notices
D.novices
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。novel“小說”;novelty“新奇的事物”;notice“通知”;novice“初學者”。句意:起初,電影只不過是似乎會移動的有趣的……。選項B符合題意。
7.單選題
問題1選項
A.Minor
B.Moderate.
C.Intense.
D.Severe.
【答案】A
【解析】10.M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1to10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?
W:I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.
Q:Whichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribethewoman’spain?
【試題答案】A
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為:以下哪個最能準確描述這個女士的傷痛?由文中“I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.(我想說痛感是1到10等級的第一級。就像我說的,并不算很痛)”,可知A選項“Minor(輕度)”符合原文。B選項“中等的”;C選項“強烈的”;D選項“劇烈的”不符合原文。
8.單選題
Ifshe(
)herefforts,shewillsucceed
問題1選項
A.goeson
B.retains
C.holdsinto
D.maintains
【答案】D
【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項goon“繼續(xù)”;B選項retain“保持”;C選項holdinto搭配不當;D選項maintain“持續(xù),保持”。句意:如果她持續(xù)努力,她會成功的。這里強調(diào)的是持續(xù)性,所以選項D更符合語境。
9.單選題
Hewassoangrythathejustcouldn’t()fromtellingthemwhathethought.
問題1選項
A.holdoff
B.holdon
C.holdback
D.holdup
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。holdbackfrom意為“抑制…阻止…”。句意“他非常生氣,忍不住把自己的想法告訴了他們?!边x項C符合句意。
10.單選題
Howcanyouavoidmistakeswhenyouareinsucha()?
問題1選項
A.haste
B.hurry
C.speed
D.dash
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。inahurry意為“立刻,匆忙”。句意:當你如此匆忙的時候,你怎么能避免錯誤呢?選項B符合句意。
11.單選題
Similarcutsare(
)atStanford,whichisplanningtoslash$43millionoverthenexttwoyears.AndColumbiaUniversity,whichfacesa$50milliondeficit,willprobablyfollowsuit,althoughtheheadsof26arts-and-sciencesdepartmentshavethreatenedtoquitifthecutbacksaretooharsh.
問題1選項
A.lurking
B.looming
C.sagging
D.soaring
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項lurk“潛伏;埋伏”;B選項loom“赫然出現(xiàn)”;C選項sag“下跌;松弛;萎靡”;D選項soar“激增;高飛;升空”。句意:斯坦福大學也……類似的削減,計劃在未來兩年內(nèi)削減4300萬美元。面臨5000萬美元赤字的哥倫比亞大學(ColumbiaUniversity)可能也會效仿,盡管26個藝術(shù)和科學院系的負責人威脅稱,如果削減幅度過大,他們將辭職。由句意可知B選項符合題意。
12.單選題
Shehastakengreatpainstoconcealheremotions,andtherebymadethem(
)conspicuous.
問題1選項
A.allthemore
B.allthemuch
C.allmore
D.allmuch
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:她竭力隱藏她的情緒,但是她卻讓他們更加明顯了。這里選固定搭配A選項allthemore“更加”;其他選項不能作為副詞修飾conspicuous這個形容詞。
13.單選題
Igetaskedaboutwhatindividualscandotostaycurrentinaworldthatsomehowkeeps_______andrepeatingpatternsailatthesametime.
問題1選項
A.transforming
B.distorting
C.converting
D.contorting
【答案】A
【解析】transform轉(zhuǎn)換,改變;distort扭曲,曲解;convert使轉(zhuǎn)變;contort扭曲,歪曲。句意:有人問我,在一個不斷改變的同時又重復著那些模式的世界里,個人如何才能保持與時俱進。這里強調(diào)的是變化,所以選項A符合句意。
14.翻譯題
科學的最終目的是提供一種描繪整個宇宙的簡單理論。然而,大多科學家實際采用的方法是將這個問題分成兩個部分。第一部分是一些告知我們宇宙隨著時間的推移而變化的方式的規(guī)律。第二部分是對宇宙初始狀態(tài)的疑問。有些人認為科學只應該關(guān)注第一部分。他們把宇宙初始狀態(tài)的問題看成是玄學或宗教要回答的問題。
【答案】Theultimateaimofscienceistoobtainasimpletheorywhichcandescribesthewholeuniverse.However,mostscientistsineffectseparatetheissueintotwoparts.Thefirstpartiscomposedoflawshowtheuniversechangeswithtime.Thesecondpartconsistsofthequestionsovertheoriginalstateoftheuniverse.Somepeoplebelievethatscienceshouldonlyfocusonthefirstpartwhereasthequestionsovertheoriginalstateoftheuniverseshouldbeansweredbymetaphysicsorreligions.
15.單選題
Youcan(
)thevideocameraonatripod(三腳架),sothatyoudon'thavetoworryaboutholdingitsteadywhileyouaskquestions.
問題1選項
A.withstand
B.fix
C.plant
D.dwell
【答案】B
【解析】動詞辨析題。withstand抵抗,反抗;fix固定;plant種植,培養(yǎng);dwell居住,存在于。
句意:你可以將攝像機固定在三腳架上,這樣當你提問的時候就不用擔心需要穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的抓住它了。選項B符合句意。
16.單選題
People’sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheir()statedoes.
問題1選項
A.current
B.initial
C.modern
D.primitive
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。current“現(xiàn)在的,最近的”;initial“最初的”;modern“現(xiàn)代的”;primitive“原始的”。句意:人們對未來的期望,相比他們現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),可能對他們的幸福感產(chǎn)生更大的影響。由題干中的future以及than可推知此空應填與future相對應的表示時間狀態(tài)的詞,故A項符合題意。
17.單選題
Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.Inacomputerwithaspeedofonegigahertz(千兆赫),forexample,thecrystal"licks”abilliontimesasecond.Everyactionofthecomputertakesplaceintinysteps,eachabillionthofasecondlong.Asimpletransferofdatamaytakeonlyonestep;complexcalculationsmaytakemanysteps.Alloperations,however,mustbeginandendaccordingtotheclock’stimingsignals.
Becausemostmodemcomputersuseasinglerhythm,wecallthemsynchronous.Insidethecomputer’smicroprocessorchip,aclockdistributionsystemdeliversthetimingsignalsfromthecrystaloscillatortothevariouscircuits,justassoundinairdeliversthebeatofadrumtosoldierstosettheirmarchingpace.Becauseallpartsofthechipsharethesamerhythm,theoutputofanycircuitfromonestepcanserveastheinputtoanyothercircuitforthenextstep.Thesynchronizationprovidedbytheclockhelpschipdesignersplansequencesofactionsforthecomputer.
Theuseofacentralclockalsocreatesproblems.Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.Present-daytransistorscanprocessdatasoquicklythattheycanaccomplishseveralstepsinthetimethatittakesawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefultotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.Wouldn’titbenicetohaveanalternative?
OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,weareinvestigatingwaystodesigncomputingsystemsinwhicheachpartcanproceedatitsownpaceinsteadofdependingontherhythmofacentralclock.Wecallsuchsystemsasynchronous.Eachpartofanasynchronoussystemmayextendorshortenthetimingofitsstepswhenwalkingacrossroughterrain.
1.Whatdeterminestherhythmofthepersonalcomputer?
2.Whydoestheauthormentionsoundinairinthesecondparagraph?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageoftheuseofacentralclock?
4.Theword“alternative”means(
).
5.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat(
).
問題1選項
A.Analarmingclock.
B.Acrystaloscillator.
C.Complexcalculations.
D.Theclock’stimingsignals.
問題2選項
A.Toillustratethetimingsignalsaredeliveredinasimilarwaysoundtravelsinair.
B.Toshowusthattimingsignals’speedcanbeasfastasthatofsound.
C.Becausethewaveoftimingsignalsissimilartothesoundwave.
D.Becausesoundisdeliveredbytimingsignals.
問題3選項
A.Distributingthetimingsignalsismoredifficultwhenspeedsarehigher.
B.Ithastotakeawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.
C.Carefuldesignisnecessarytokeeptherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechip.
D.Agreatdealofelectricalpowerisrequiredtoawholechipsynchronous.
問題4選項
A.method
B.substitute
C.answer
D.machine
問題5選項
A.thestructureofanasynchronoussystemisdifferentfromthatofasynchronoussystem.
B.thecentralclocksetstherhythmofpartsofanasynchronoussystem
C.eachpartofanasynchronoussystemcanchangetherhythmofthecentralclock.
D.searchingforbetterreplacementforthesynchronoussystemisaninternationalproblem.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.你的電腦有多快?當人們問這個問題時,他們通常指的是計算機內(nèi)部一個微小時鐘的頻率,它是一個晶體振蕩器,設定了整個機器使用的基本節(jié)奏?!庇纱丝芍?,選項B符合原文。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文句意“在計算機的微處理器芯片中,一個時鐘分配系統(tǒng)將晶體振蕩器發(fā)出的定時信號傳送到各個電路中,就像鼓聲通過空氣傳播給士兵,以此來確定他們行進的步伐一樣?!庇纱丝赏茢?,這里提到鼓聲在空氣中傳播是為了說明定時信號的傳遞和聲音在空氣中傳播的方式是類似的,所以選項A正確。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.隨著速度的提高,定時信號的分配變得越來越困難?!边x項A符合原文;根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.要使一個大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的節(jié)奏,需要精心的設計和大量的電力。”選項C和D符合原文。選項B是由于速度過快導致的結(jié)果而不是缺點,所以不正確,本題選B。
4.詞義題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知,“alternative”意為“替代品”,選項B與之意思相近。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,我們在太陽微系統(tǒng)實驗室的研究組正在尋找這樣的替代品。和世界上其他幾個組織一起...”由此可推斷,尋找更好的同步系統(tǒng)替代品是一個國際性問題,選項D正確。選項A,B,C均是事實,不是推導出來的,所以不符合題意。
18.單選題
Thedoctor’s()wasthatsheshouldgoandseethespecialistinthisfield.
問題1選項
A.constraint
B.counsel
C.coherence
D.consciousness
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。constraint約束,強制;counsel勸告,忠告;coherence一致;consciousness意識,知覺。
句意:醫(yī)生的()就是她應該去看這個領域的專家。選項B符合句意。
19.單選題
______Stevesaid:“IwillbecomingbackandifconditionsdonotworsensounexpectedlyIhopetomeetyouagain.”
問題1選項
A.Cryptically
B.Deservedly
C.Exceedingly
D.Excessively
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項cryptically“隱秘地,意義含糊地”,B項deservedly“理所當然地,應得報酬地”,C項exceedingly“非常,極其,極度地”,D項excessively“過分地,極度”。由雙引號內(nèi)的句意“我會回來的,如果情況不會如此出乎意料地惡化,我希望能再次見到你”可知,四個選項中把A項代入進去最符合句子的語境。句意:史蒂夫含糊其詞地說:“我會回來的,如果情況不會如此出乎意料地惡化,我希望能再次見到你?!币虼?,該題選擇A項正確。
20.單選題
ManufacturingisChina’smostimportanteconomicactivity,()over30percentoftheworkforce.
問題1選項
A.including
B.engaging
C.approximating
D.accounting
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辦析。四個選項的意思分別是:including包含,包括;engaging聘用,雇用;approximating近似,接近;accounting記述,報告。句意:制造業(yè)是中國最重要的經(jīng)濟活動,雇傭了超過30%的勞動力。本題考查的是分詞短語作狀語,根據(jù)句意可推出正確答案是B。
21.單選題
Manysoldiershavetoremindthemselveswhentheyreturnhomenottouse(
)ofthebarracks.
問題1選項
A.vulgar
B.gross
C.rough
D.coarse
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。vulgar意為“庸俗的,粗俗的”;gross意為“不雅的,惡俗的”;rough意為“(態(tài)度)粗暴”;coarse意為“粗魯無禮的”。A、C、D選項一般表示行為,舉止粗俗,此處表示使用的語言,gross表示語言的粗魯不雅,因此選B。
句意:許多士兵在回家時必須提醒自己不使用軍營里粗魯?shù)恼Z言。
22.填空題
YourSmartphoneMayBeHurtingYourSleepA)Youloveyoursmartphone,butitmayberuiningyourZZZ’s.Useofthesedevices,especiallynearbedtime,isassociatedwithworsequalityofsleep,accordingtoanewstudy.“Whenwelookedatsmartphoneusearoundthetimewhenparticipantsreportedtheywenttobed,moresmartphoneusearoundthattimeinparticularwasassociatedwithalongertimetofallasleepandworsesleepqualityduringthenight,”saidDr.GregoryMarcus,authorofthestudyandanassociateprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.
B)Theword“crack-berry”becamepopularroughlyadecadeagotodescribetheaddictivequalityofBlackBerrydevices—arguablythefirstreallysuccessfulsmartphones.Today,almosteveryoneisasmartphonejunkie,standingwithheadbowedwhilewaitingforatrainorinlineatthepostoffice.
C)Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.Toanswerthisquestion,heusedexitinginformationcollectedbyanInternet-basedstudyhestartedinMarch2016.
D)“HealthE-Heart,”whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthisdesignedtostudycardiovascularhealth.Anyone18yearsofageoroldercanenrollinHealthE-Heart,co-foundedbyDrs.MarkPletcherandJeffreyOlgin,professorsatUCSF.Aftersigningaconsentform,enrolledparticipantsself-reporttheirhealthdataviaaseriesofonlinequestionnaires.Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.
E)About80,000participantshaveenrolledinHealthE-Heart,Marcussaid.“We’vehadpeoplefromeverystateintheUS,lotsofpeoplefromeverystate,andweactuallyhavepeoplefrom50countries.”Marcusandhisco-foundersalsomakethedataavailabletootherscientistsconductingunrelatedstudies.Forthenewsmartphonestudy,Marcusmadeuseofthiswealthofinformationtoconducthisown“sub-study”.
F)OfthetotalHealthE-Heartenrollees,653peoplechosetoparticipateinandcompletethenewsmartphone-sleepstudy.Participantsinstalledanappontheirphonestoautomaticallyrecordthetotalnumberofminutesineachhourthescreenwasturnedon(totalscreentime)duringa30-dayperiod.TheseparticipantshadalreadyreportedtheirsleephoursandsleepqualityusingavalidatedquestionnaireaspartofthegeneralHealthE-Heartexperience,Marcusexplained.So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.Byansweringsomanyquestions,participantswereunawareofwhattheresearcherswerestudying,explainedMarcus:“Wewouldn’texpectanybias.”
G)Analyzingthedata,theresearchersdiscoveredthat,onaverage,participantsusedtheirsmartphonesforatotalof38.4hoursovera30-dayperiod.Individualswithalongeraveragescreentimeweremorelikelytohavepoorersleepqualityandlesssleepoverall:About35%ofthosewhousedtheirsmartphonesforshorteramountsoftimethanaveragehadsleepdifficulties,comparedwith42%ofthosewithaverageorgreaterthanaverageuse.Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.
H)Theresearchersdiscoveredthatscreen-timevariesthroughouta24-hourperiod,butmostoccursduringtheday.Yetforsomeparticipants,smartphoneusepeakedduringthenight.“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime,”Marcussaid.
I)Despitepotentialshortcomings,Marcusresearchisinlinewithotherstudiesshowingthattheuseoftechnologynearbedtimeisassociatedwithdifficultysleeping,suchasthe2015NationalSleepFoundationpoll.Otherresearchhasshownthatthebluelightemittedbysmartphones(andotherdigitaldevices)mightsuppressourbody’sproductionofmelatonin,ahormonethatinducestirednessandcontributestothetimingofsleep-wakecycles.“Sothere’ssomebiologicalplausibilitysupportingtheideathatthereisacausalrelationship,butweweren’tabletoidentifythat,”Marcusnoted.
J)“Itisbelievedthatsleepisarestorativeprocessandabasicbiologicneed,”saidDr.NeilKline,asleepphysician,internistandrepresentativeoftheAmericanSleepAssociation.“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.Notonlydoesourperformance,memoryandattentionspansuffer,ourimmunesystemandendocrinesystemisalsoimpaired.”
K)Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.LeadauthorBenCarter,aseniorlecturerinbiostatisticsatKing’sCollegeLondon,andhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatforteensandchildren,theuseofcellphones,tabletsandcomputersisassociatedwithlosingsleep
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