考研考博-英語-寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thismovieisnot______forchildrentosee:itcontainstoomuchviolenceandtoomanylovescenes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profound

B.valid

C.decent

D.upright

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)profound“深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的；淵博的”；B選項(xiàng)valid“有效的；有根據(jù)的；合法的；正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籆選項(xiàng)decent“正派的；得體的；相當(dāng)好的”；D選項(xiàng)upright“正直的，誠(chéng)實(shí)的；垂直的，直立的；筆直的”。句意：這部電影不適合孩子們看：它包含太多的暴力和愛情場(chǎng)景。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Unlikephilosopherswhoconstructedtheoreticallyidealstates,shebuiltatheorybasedon（

）;thus,althoughherconstructsmayhavebeeninelegant,theywere（

）sound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ellectually

B.surmise...scientifically

C.experience...empirically

D.conjecture...factually

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的intuition“直覺”；intellectually“智力上，理智地”；B選項(xiàng)的surmise“猜測(cè)，猜想”；scientifically“合乎科學(xué)地，系統(tǒng)地”；C選項(xiàng)的experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，閱歷”；empirically“以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地”；D選項(xiàng)的conjecture“推測(cè)，猜想，揣摩”；factually“事實(shí)地，確實(shí)地”。根據(jù)句意‘與那些構(gòu)建理論上完美理想狀態(tài)的哲學(xué)家不同，她以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依據(jù)建立其理論，因此，盡管她的概念可能比較粗糙，但它們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的角度看卻是切實(shí)可行的’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

紅包，字面意思是“紅色的小袋”，是中國(guó)新年的重要元素。里面的現(xiàn)金被認(rèn)為是來年的壓歲錢。紅包一般是長(zhǎng)輩送給晚輩的，尤其是孩子，但如果你收入不錯(cuò)，每年這個(gè)時(shí)候給父母、爺爺奶奶分一些錢也是符合禮貌的。如果你結(jié)婚了，你就得給紅包；如果你是單身，你通常會(huì)收到紅包。如果被邀請(qǐng)到別人家過年，你知道他們有孩子，那最好在一個(gè)紅包里放點(diǎn)錢。如果你去北方游玩，紅包里的現(xiàn)金數(shù)額就選一個(gè)整數(shù)；在南方，挑個(gè)幸運(yùn)數(shù)字（任何帶有6或8的數(shù)字）。

【答案】Hongbao,whichliterallymeans“alittleredenvelope”,isanimportantelementofChineseNewYear.Thecashinsideisconsideredasluckymoneyforthecomingyear.Itisusuallygivenbyelderstoyoungergenerations,especiallychildren,butifyouhaveaniceincome,it’spolitetogivesomemoneytoyourparentsandgrandparentsatthistimeofyear.Ifyouaremarried,youhavetogiveredenvelopes;ifyouaresingle,youusuallyreceiveone.Ifyouareinvitedtosomeone’shomeforChineseNewYearandyouknowtheyhavechildren,itisbesttoputsomecashinaredenvelope.Andifyouvisitthenorth,theamountofcashinitshouldbearoundnumber,andifyouvisittheSouth,choosealuckynumber(anynumberwitha6or8).

4.翻譯題

Intelligenceatbestisanassumptiveconstructthemeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Itisnotsupposedtoitwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.

【答案】智力充其量是一種假設(shè)的構(gòu)造——這個(gè)詞的意思從來就沒有明確過。人們達(dá)成共識(shí)比較多的是智力指那些行為，但是談到如何解釋和歸類智力時(shí)，人們的分歧就比較大。但是，人們一般認(rèn)為，高智商的人能夠很容易地掌握思想、區(qū)分、邏輯推理，并在解決問題時(shí)使用語言和數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)。智力測(cè)試是對(duì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)能力的粗略測(cè)量，尤其是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)校要求的東西。它不衡量性格、社會(huì)適應(yīng)、身體耐力、手工技能或藝術(shù)能力。它不應(yīng)該——它不是為這樣的目的而設(shè)計(jì)的。批評(píng)它的這種失敗，大致相當(dāng)于批評(píng)溫度計(jì)沒有測(cè)量風(fēng)速一樣。

5.單選題

Studentswith（）problemsmayapplyforstudentloans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.financial

C.nabobery

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”。B選項(xiàng)financial“財(cái)政的”。C選項(xiàng)nabobery“財(cái)主常去的地方”。D選項(xiàng)economical“節(jié)約的，合算的”。句意：有財(cái)務(wù)問題的學(xué)生可以申請(qǐng)學(xué)生貸款。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorprestige.Intheshortrunscientistsmayfollowanotheronthebasisofprestige,butthiscannotcontinueindefinitely.Itisuptothehearerstoevaluatewhatthescientistssayratherthanacceptitbecausetheysayit.Andtheculminationofthisenterpriseisthedeterminationofwhethertheexplanationsaccountforthedataobserved.Therelationshipbetweenscientificexplanationsanddatahelpstoensuretheintegrityofscientists.Iftheirfindingsareimportant,theycanbesurethattheirtheoriesanddatawillbeexaminedcriticallyandnewevidencewillbeattained.

Itisthesystemofdata-basedexplanationthatdistinguishessciencefromdogma.Scientistshaveboththerightandtheresponsibilitytodecideforthemselves,onthebasisofevidenceathand,thebestexplanationofasetofphenomena.Ontheotherhand,dogma(religious,economic,politicalorsocial)dependsonpronouncementsbyestablishedauthorities.

【答案】對(duì)于從事科學(xué)研究的那些人來說，確認(rèn)他們所相信的東西而所使用的方法是至關(guān)重要的。他們不得不評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)和論據(jù)，并自己確定它們的正確性。與他人進(jìn)行交流的科學(xué)家們有必要依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)和他們對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的解釋，去讓聽者相信他們的陳述的正確性。如果他們通過自己的品格或威望而獲得支持，那么他們就不是在正確地從事科學(xué)。從短期來看，盡管科學(xué)家們可能基于威望而追隨另外一個(gè)人，但是這種追隨不能無限期地延續(xù)。聽者應(yīng)該去評(píng)估科學(xué)家所說的，而不是因?yàn)槭撬麄兯f的就相信?？茖W(xué)這項(xiàng)事業(yè)的頂峰是確定解釋是否能說明所觀察到的數(shù)據(jù)?？茖W(xué)解釋與數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系幫助確?？茖W(xué)家們的誠(chéng)實(shí)。如果他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是重要的，他們可以確信他們的理論和數(shù)據(jù)將被批判性地檢驗(yàn)，并獲得新的證據(jù)。

正是基于數(shù)據(jù)的解釋體系將科學(xué)與教條區(qū)分開來。根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家有權(quán)利也有責(zé)任為自己決定對(duì)一系列現(xiàn)象的最佳解釋。另一方面，教條（宗教、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治或社會(huì)）依賴于已確立的權(quán)威所做的聲明。

7.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused,itsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin"slices",

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmayonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradiopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureoftissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween（

）.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat，comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore

（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-dimensional

B.Three-dimensional

C.Animated

D.Intensified

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cautious

B.Tolerant

C.Enthusiastic

D.Critical

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Inaddition，conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs(另外，傳統(tǒng)X光射線通常只能在骨頭和空隙之間做出區(qū)分，比如胸腔和肺),由此可知A項(xiàng)“骨頭和空隙”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:身體相鄰交叉部位可能成什么樣的像？第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因?yàn)椴煌瑢用娌煌疃鹊挠绊懯钳B加的，這會(huì)使觀察者困惑),因此B項(xiàng)“三維的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問的是:和傳統(tǒng)X光射線相比,計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描更加…。第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因?yàn)椴煌瑢用娌煌疃鹊挠绊懯钳B加的，這會(huì)使觀察者困惑),Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles(計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描可以通過測(cè)量從數(shù)百個(gè)不同角度穿過身體截面的X線的強(qiáng)度變化來重新構(gòu)建身體內(nèi)部的圖像)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“能提供更多信息”正確。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章通篇在講計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描相比傳統(tǒng)X光射線的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。最后一句話指出:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來監(jiān)控放射治療的進(jìn)程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。由此可知作者對(duì)于斷層掃描的態(tài)度是肯定的。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞computedtomography定位至最后一段:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來監(jiān)控放射治療的進(jìn)程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。因此A項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控患者的疾病”,B項(xiàng)“診斷疾病”和C項(xiàng)“定位腫瘤位置”都正確。故選D。

8.單選題

SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices.Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare(particularlyforthepoorandminorities),improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.Allhaveplayedapartintherecentimprovementinlifeexpectancy.Butthereismountingcriticismofthelargeremaininggapsinaccess,unbridledcostinflation,thefurtherfragmentationofservice,excessiveindulgenceinwastefulhigh-technology“gadgeteering,”andabreakdownindoctor-patientrelationships.Inrecentyearsproposedpanaceasandnewprograms,smallandlarge,haveproliferatedatafeverishpaceanddisappointmentsmultiplyatalmostthesamerate.Thishasledtoanincreasedpessimism—“everythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks”—whichsometimesbordersoncynicismorevennihilism.

Itistruethattheautomatic“passthrough”ofrapidlyspiralingcoststogovernmentandinsurancecarriers,whichwassetinapublicizedenvironmentof“therichestnationintheworld,”producedforatimeasenseofunlimitedresourcesandallowedtodevelopamoodwherebyeverypractitionerandinstitutioncould“dohisownthing”withoutundueconcernforthe“MedicalCommons.”Thepracticeoffull-costreimbursementencouragedcapitalinvestmentandnowtheindustryisovercapitalized.Manycitieshavehundredsofexcesshospitalbeds;hospitalshaveproliferatedasuperabundanceofhigh-technologyequipment;andstructuralostentationandluxuryweretheorderoftheday.Inanygivenday,one-fourthofallcommunitybedsarevacant;expensiveequipmentisunderusedor,worse,usedunnecessarily.Capitalinvestmentbringsrapidlyrisingoperatingcosts.

Yet,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.Itmustberealizedthatcareis,formostpeople,apainfulexperience,oftenaccompaniedbyfearandunwelcomeresults.Althoughthereisvastroomforimprovement,healthcarewillalwaysretainsomeunpleasantnessandfrustration.Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain.Toomanyphysiciansarereluctanttoadmittheirlimitationstopatients;toomanypatientsandfamiliesareunwillingtoacceptsuchrealities.Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.Inthemain,however,suchundertakingshavebeendrownedbyaveritablefloodofpublicandprivatemoneyswhichhavesupportedandencouragedthecontinuationofconventionalpracticesandsubsidizedtheirshortcomingsonamassive,almostunrestrictedscale.Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.Inthisatmosphere,itisnotfairtocondemnasfailuresallattemptedexperiments;itmaybemoreaccuratetosaymanyneverhadafairtrial.

1.TheauthorimpliesthattheKaiserFoundationandPugetSoundplans(lines47-48)differedfromotherplansby（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasconsequencesoffull-costreimbursementEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,the“pessimism”mentionedatline35ispartlyattributabletothefactthat（

）.

5.Theauthorcitestheprepaidplansinlines46-48as（

）.

6.Itcanbeinferredthatthesentence“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”meansthat（

）.

7.Withwhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofthesystemforthedeliveryofhealth-careserviceswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelogicalstructureoftheselection?

9.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encouragingcapitalinvestment

B.requiringphysicianstotreatthepoor

C.providingincentivesforcostcontrol

D.employingonlydedicatedandidealisticdoctors

E.relyingprimarilyonpublicfunding

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.risingoperatingcosts

B.underusedhospitalfacilities

C.overcapitalization

D.overrelianceonexpensiveequipment

E.lackofservicesforminorities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.light-heartedandamused

B.objectivebutconcerned

C.detachedandunconcerned

D.cautiousbutsincere

E.enthusiasticandenlightened

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therehasbeenlittlerealimprovementinhealth-careservices

B.expectationsabouthealth-careservicesaresometimesunrealistic

C.largesegmentsofthepopulationfinditimpossibletogetaccesstohealth-careservices

D.advancesintechnologyhavemadehealthcareserviceunaffordable

E.doctorsarenowlessconcernedwithpatientcare

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.counterexamplestotheclaimthatnothinghasworked

B.examplesofhealth-careplansthatwereover-funded

C.evidencethathealth-careservicesarefragmented

D.proofofthetheorythatnoplanhasbeensuccessful

E.experimentsthatyieldeddisappointingresults

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.thecostofhealth-careserviceswillnotdecline

B.somepeopleshouldnotbecomedoctors

C.medicalcareisnotreallyessentialtogoodhealth

D.illnessisoftenunpleasantandevenpainful

E.medicalsciencecannotcureeveryill

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Itisbiasedinfavorofdoctorsandagainstpatients.

B.Itishighlyfragmentedandcompletelyineffective

C.Ithasnotembracednewtechnologyrapidlyenough

D.Itisgenerallyeffectivebutcanbeimproved

E.Itdiscouragespeoplefromseekingmedicalcare

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Thethirdparagraphisintendedasarefutationofthefirstandsecondparagraphs.

B.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsexplainandputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.

C.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsexplainandputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.

D.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblem,andthesecondandthirdparagraphspresenttwohornsofadilemma.

E.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblem,theseconditscauses,andthethirdapossiblesolution.

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.criticizephysiciansandhealth-careadministratorsforinvestingintechno?logicallyadvancedequipment

B.examinesomeproblemsaffectingdeliveryofhealth-careservicesandassesstheirseverity

C.defendthemedicalcommunityfromchargesthathealth-carehasnotimprovedsinceWorldWarII

D.analyzethereasonsforthehealth-careindustry’sinabilitytoprovidequalitycaretoallsegmentsofthepopulation

E.describethepeculiareconomicfeaturesofthehealth-careindustrythatarethecausesofspiralingmedicalcosts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:E

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theKaiserFoundationandPugetSound，將信息點(diǎn)定位為文章第三段。根據(jù)“Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.（凱澤基金會(huì)（KaiserFoundation）和普吉特灣（PugetSound）的預(yù)付團(tuán)體實(shí)踐計(jì)劃（grouppracticeplans）表明，并非所有的嘗試都是徒勞的。）”“Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.（除了那些最理想主義、最執(zhí)著的人，他們沒有尋求改變的動(dòng)力，也沒有自我約束或節(jié)儉的動(dòng)力。）”從而得出本題答案。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)信息題。信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第一、二段。選項(xiàng)E與原文第二句所給信息不符，“Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare（particularlyforthepoorandminorities）,improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.（這些措施包括更好地獲得衛(wèi)生保?。ㄌ貏e是對(duì)窮人和少數(shù)民族），改善物理植物，增加醫(yī)生和其他衛(wèi)生人員的數(shù)量。）”從而得出本題答案。

3.

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，可以感受到作者行文態(tài)度十分客觀，運(yùn)用客觀事實(shí)表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，且對(duì)出現(xiàn)的問題十分在意。從而得出本題答案。

4.

細(xì)節(jié)信息題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pessimism，將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第三段第一句?！癥et,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.（然而，這種悲觀情緒在一定程度上源于對(duì)醫(yī)療保健的過高期望。）”從而得出本題答案。

5.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞prepaidplans，將信息點(diǎn)定位到第三段第七句?！癗orisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.（澤基金會(huì)（KaiserFoundation）和普吉特灣（PugetSound）的預(yù)付團(tuán)體實(shí)踐計(jì)劃（grouppracticeplans）表明，并非所有的嘗試都是徒勞的。）”根據(jù)句子前半句可得出本題答案。

6.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原題信息“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第三段第五句。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.（此外，醫(yī)學(xué)的能力是有限的。）”即可得出本題答案。

7.

主旨態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文“SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices（自第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，保健服務(wù)領(lǐng)域取得了相當(dāng)大的進(jìn)展）”“Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.（此外，醫(yī)學(xué)的能力是有限的。）”等信息點(diǎn)的描述，即可得出本題答案。

8.

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文，即可發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章首段提出問題，引出話題，緊接著第二段、第三段解釋并表達(dá)了對(duì)這一問題的看法。

9.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，即可得出作者觀點(diǎn)，作者檢查了一些影響醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)分配的問題并對(duì)其嚴(yán)重性進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。從而得出本題答案。

9.單選題

Between1897and1919,atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasproduced

B.havebeenproduced

C.wouldhaveproduced

D.hadbeenproduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：1897年至1919年間，至少29部出現(xiàn)人造生命的電影被制作出來。根據(jù)主語motionpictures和謂語動(dòng)詞produce的關(guān)系確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，根據(jù)事件發(fā)生在過去以及wereportrayed確定用過去完成時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)hadbeenproduced符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.填空題

A:Ihaveaballetticketforthisevening.

B:（1）

dowe!Why（2）weallgotogether?

A:That’sagood（3）.Thatwaywecansharea（4）andsaveabitofmoney.

B:When（5）wemeet?

A:Let’ssayat6:30in（6）ofBuilding5.

B:Fine.I’llseeyouthereat6:30.

【答案】1.so

2.don’t

3.idea

4.taxi

4.shall

6.front

【解析】1.語法題?？疾榈寡b。這里表示“我們也有”。

2.語法題?？疾榉穸ㄒ蓡枴＿@里是否定疑問句表示肯定。

3.固定搭配。Agoodidea好主意。

4.語義題。由后面的saveabitofmoney推測(cè)這里表示“我們可以一起打的”。

5.語義題。句意:我們什么時(shí)候見面？

6.固定搭配。infrontof在…前面。

11.單選題

TomLandryisoneofthemostsuccessfulfootballcoachesinNationalFootballLeaguehistoryandhewasknownforhis（

）mannerandfiercecompetitiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unruffled

B.brutal

C.suspicious

D.tender

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Unruffled意為“平靜的，鎮(zhèn)定的，沉著的”；brutal意為“野蠻的”；suspicious意為“可疑的，不信任的”；tender意為“和善的，溫柔的”。

句意：湯姆?蘭德里是國(guó)際足球聯(lián)盟歷史上最成功的足球教練之一，他以沉著冷靜和激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而聞名。

12.單選題

Ioftenspeakofourdistrict’sperformancedatawithsadness.Thesituationforourcity’schildrenisterrible.YetwhileIacknowledgetheseriousnessoftheworkweface,Iwanttobeclearaboutsomething:Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels.

Ihavetalkedwithtoomanyteacherstobelievethisistheirfault.Ihavewatchedthempourtheirenergyintoengagingeverystudent.Iknowtheyareworkingfuriouslyinasystemthatformanyyearshasnotappreciatedthem—sometimesnotevenpayingthemontimeorprovidingtextbooks.Thosewhocategoricallyblameteachersforthefailuresofoursystemaresimplywrong.

Rather,teachersarethesolutiontothevexingproblemsfacingurbaneducation.

Inthecomingweeks,wewillsubmitafinalproposalforanewteachercontract.Throughitandotherreforms,wecancreate,together,themosteffectiveeducatorforceinthecountry.Ourkeygoals:

Agrowthmodelofachievement.Manyteachersinheritclassesofstudentswhoarefarbehindacademically.Yetsometeachers,evenwithminimalsupport,movetheirstudentstwotothreegradelevelsaheadinayear.Teacherswillnotbeevaluatedonanabsolutemeasurebutonhowfartheytaketheirstudents.

Protectionfromarbitraryfirings.Someteachersareconcernedaprincipalmaywanttofirethemforreasonsunrelatedtoperformance.Whileprincipalswhodothisrisktheirownjobs(firingeffectiveteachersisasurewaytolowerschoolachievement),wewillensureprotectionsforteachers.Weneedafairandtransparentprocess,freefrombiasandhaste,designedwithteachers’input.

Professionaldevelopmentandsupport.Teachershavetoldmethatmanyoftheirhesitationsaboutthecontractcenteronthepressuresthatteachersface:“Whatifmyschooldoesnotsupportme?WhatifIamworkingmytailoffandIstillhaveweekswhenmypatienceisthinandthingsbeyondmycontrolarecausingproblems?”

Ourproposalwillprovideaframeworktonavigatethesequestionswithstrongprogramstosupportanddevelopteachersasprofessionals.Neitherwillweforgetthesmallthingsthatcanweighdowngreatteachers.Forexample,wewanttoreimbursethosewhobuysuppliesfortheirclassroomsorusetheircellphonestocallstudentsandfamilies.Wewanttocompensateteacherswhentheycoverclassesforothers.Iwasateacher.Iknowhowthesethingsaddup.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthepresenteducationalsystemis______.

23.By“agrowthmodelofachievement”,theauthorprobablymeansthat______.

24.Underwhichconditioncanaprincipalfireateacher?

25.Theproposaltobesubmittedbytheauthorandhiscolleagueswillbefocusedon______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Teachersareresponsibleforthestudents’lowachievements.

B.Thecity’seducationalsystemhasroomforimprovement.

C.Childrennowadaysarebecomingmoreandmorenaughty.

D.Cityauthoritieshaveblamedteachersinawrongway.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.appreciative

B.indifferent

C.ironic

D.critical

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.principals’supportshouldbetakenintoconsideration

B.students’achievementsshouldbeanabsolutemeasure

C.teachersshouldbeevaluatedbytheirstudents’progress

D.theextensivenessofteachers’knowledgeisimportant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ifhe/sheperformspoorly.

B.Ifhis/herstudentshavebadachievements.

C.Ifthereisanamplesupplyofteachers.

D.Ifhe/sheriskshis/herownjob.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.teachers

B.students

C.payments

D.supports

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?21.根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.Teachersareresponsibleforthestudents’lowachievements.A.學(xué)生成績(jī)不好，老師有責(zé)任。

B.Thecity’seducationalsystemhasroomforimprovement.B.這個(gè)城市的教育系統(tǒng)有改進(jìn)的空間。

C.Childrennowadaysarebecomingmoreandmorenaughty.C.現(xiàn)在的孩子越來越調(diào)皮了。

D.Cityauthoritieshaveblamedteachersinawrongway.D.市政當(dāng)局以錯(cuò)誤的方式指責(zé)教師。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“那些把教育系統(tǒng)的失敗歸咎于教師的人是完全錯(cuò)誤的”，以及第三段“相反，教師是城市教育面臨的棘手問題的解決方案”，從中可知，城市教育急需要解決現(xiàn)有問題，故推測(cè)城市教育系統(tǒng)還需要改進(jìn)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)可以定位到原文第一段第三句“……但我想澄清一點(diǎn)：我并不因?yàn)槌煽?jī)低而責(zé)怪教師（Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels）”以及第二段第一句“我和太多的老師談過，都不相信這是他們的錯(cuò)”可知A選項(xiàng)和原文相悖，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)在文中只是提到有人錯(cuò)誤地把教育系統(tǒng)的失敗歸咎于教師，但并沒有說這就是市政當(dāng)局，屬于曲解原文。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthepresenteducationalsystemis______.22.作者對(duì)現(xiàn)行教育制度的態(tài)度是______。

A.appreciativeA.贊賞的

B.indifferentB.冷漠的

C.ironicC.諷刺的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)一段第二句“我們城市的孩子們的情況很糟糕（terrible）”，以及第二段倒數(shù)第二句“我知道，他們?cè)谝粋€(gè)多年來不欣賞他們的體系中拼命工作，有時(shí)甚至不按時(shí)支付薪水或提供教科書”，從terrible和作者對(duì)教育體系的描述可知，作者對(duì)現(xiàn)行教育制度是批判的態(tài)度。因此，選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.By“agrowthmodelofachievement”,theauthorprobablymeansthat______.23.作者所說的“成就增長(zhǎng)模式”可能是指______。

A.principals’supportshouldbetakenintoconsiderationA.應(yīng)考慮校長(zhǎng)的支持

B.students’achievementsshouldbeanabsolutemeasureB.學(xué)生的成績(jī)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)絕對(duì)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

C.teachersshouldbeevaluatedbytheirstudents’progressC.教師應(yīng)該以學(xué)生的進(jìn)步來評(píng)價(jià)

D.theextensivenessofteachers’knowledgeisimportantD.教師知識(shí)的廣博是重要的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的信息agrowthmodelofachievement定位至第五段：“許多老師所教的班級(jí)里的學(xué)生在學(xué)業(yè)上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。然而，一些老師，即使是最基本的幫助，也能在一年內(nèi)讓他們的學(xué)生進(jìn)步兩到三個(gè)年級(jí)水平。教師的評(píng)價(jià)將不會(huì)以絕對(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量，而是看他們對(duì)學(xué)生做了多少（howfartheytaketheirstudents）?！?，從中可知，該段講述的“成就增長(zhǎng)模式”是指在衡量一個(gè)教師的成就時(shí)不應(yīng)該片面地通過學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)，而是要以教師為使學(xué)生進(jìn)步所做的事情為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)在該段沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.Underwhichconditioncanaprincipalfireateacher?24.校長(zhǎng)在什么情況下會(huì)解雇一名教師？

A.Ifhe/sheperformspoorly.A.如果他/她表現(xiàn)不好。

B.Ifhis/herstudentshavebadachievements.B.如果他/她的學(xué)生成績(jī)不好。

C.Ifthereisanamplesupplyofteachers.C.如果有充足的教師供應(yīng)。

D.Ifhe/sheriskshis/herownjob.D.如果他/她拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息fire定位至文章第六段，根據(jù)第二句“一些教師擔(dān)心，校長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)以與他們的表現(xiàn)無關(guān)的理由解雇他們”，以及第三句“雖然校長(zhǎng)們這樣做是在拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn)，解雇有效率的老師肯定會(huì)降低學(xué)校的成就，但我們會(huì)確保教師的保護(hù)”，從中可知，校長(zhǎng)會(huì)以與教師表現(xiàn)無關(guān)的理由解雇他們，這是一種冒險(xiǎn)；所以我們推斷校長(zhǎng)解雇教師，是在拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn)的情況下發(fā)生的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B、C選項(xiàng)都是校長(zhǎng)解雇教師的理由，但是不夠全面，屬于以偏概全。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Theproposaltobesubmittedbytheauthorandhiscolleagueswillbefocusedon______.25.作者和他的同事提交的提議將集中在______上。

A.teachersA.老師

B.studentsB.學(xué)生

C.paymentsC.支付方面

D.supportsD.支持方面

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞proposal可以定位至文章最后一段，第一句提到“我們的建議將提供一個(gè)框架，通過強(qiáng)有力的項(xiàng)目來解決這些問題，以支持和發(fā)展教師成為專業(yè)人員”，可知，提議的目的就是支持和發(fā)展教師成為專業(yè)人員，所以將集中在老師方面。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

13.單選題

Annusedto（）whenwewenttothesameschool.Butnowsheisalwaysontime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinglate

B.late

C.belate

D.gettinglate

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語。結(jié)合題干和選項(xiàng)可知本題考查非謂語，而usedto后面要加動(dòng)詞原形表示“過去常常做某事”，因此A、B、D不符合語法規(guī)則。句意：我們?cè)谕凰鶎W(xué)校時(shí)，安總是遲到。但是現(xiàn)在她總是很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。

14.單選題

Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwantwithnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn'tit?

New“fakefat”productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods,Critics,however,saythatthenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrientsandcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soitisuptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.

Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan'tbe