考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽廣播影視職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽廣播影視職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Weallknowthatitisveryhardto（

）himtogivehisplanup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.endeavor

B.reduce

C.assert

D.induce

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:我們都知道很難讓他放棄他的計(jì)劃。

endeavor努力；盡力。reduce減少；降低；使處于；把...分解；歸納為。assert維護(hù)，堅(jiān)持；斷言；主張；聲稱。induce誘導(dǎo)；引起；引誘；感應(yīng)。

2.翻譯題

如果想給別人留下良好的形象，你首先得樹(shù)立良好的自我形象。一個(gè)具有失敗者形象的人永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法在別人面前樹(shù)立成功者的形象。從古至今，一些偉大的哲人都說(shuō)過(guò)：你自認(rèn)為是什么樣的人就是什么樣的人。既然我們都可以選擇如何想象自己，我們就應(yīng)該盡力往積極、良好的方面去想。

【答案】Ifyouwantawinningimagewithothers,yourfirstconcernmustbeawinningself-image.Theindividualwhohasalosingself-imagewillneverbeabletoprojectawinningimagetoothers.Throughouttheages,greatphilosophershavestated,“Youarewhatyouthinkyouare.”Sincewecanallchoosehowwewanttothinkourselves,weshouldtrytohavepositive,winningthoughts.

3.單選題

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pension“退休金，撫恤金”，B項(xiàng)earning“收入，所賺的錢(qián)”，C項(xiàng)salary“工資”，D項(xiàng)donation“捐款，捐贈(zèng)物”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞elderly“老年人”和liveon“靠……生活”可知，空格處填入pension“養(yǎng)老金”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：俄羅斯的老年人發(fā)現(xiàn)靠國(guó)家養(yǎng)老金生活很困難。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Givingupsmokingisjustoneofthewaysto（）heartdiseases.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wardoff

B.pushoff

C.putoff

D.throwoff

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查詞組辨析題。wardoff“避開(kāi)；防止（疾病等）”；pushoff“離開(kāi)；走開(kāi)”；putoff“延期”；throwoff“擺脫”，heartdisease“心臟病”是一種疾病，戒煙是為了防止得心臟病，所以此處應(yīng)該使用詞組wardoff，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為：戒煙只是預(yù)防心臟疾病的辦法之一。

5.單選題

Bothchildrenseemtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto（）me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitate

B.aggravate

C.aggregate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)agitate“搖動(dòng)；騷動(dòng)；使激動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)aggravate“加重；使惡化；激怒”；C選項(xiàng)aggregate“集合；聚集；合計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩解”。句意：當(dāng)我在回家之前就已經(jīng)心情不好的時(shí)候，兩個(gè)孩子似乎在盡他們所能來(lái)緩解我的情緒。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Trafficscienceisoneofthosedisciplinesthatseemspermanentlypoisedonthevergeofabreakthrough.Professionaljournalsregularlypublishpromisingresearch,andthepresstrumpetstheirimportance.However,itturnsoutthattrafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem.Itcouldbesaidtoresemblemolecularphysics,infact,sinceit’sasystemofindividualpracticesinteractingincomplexways.Except,withtraffic,theparticleshavemindsoftheirown.

Therearetwokindsoftrafficflow.Inuncongested,stableflows,carscanmoveatornearthespeedlimit,andindividualsareabletomoveinandoutoflanesorenterthehighwaysmoothly.Then,there’swhattrafficexpertscallthe“unstableregime,”whatlaypeoplerefertoasstop-and-gotraffic.Whatscientistshavefiguredoutoverthepastdecadeorsoiswhenandwhytrafficshiftsbetweenthetwo.

“Weseeinourmodelsthattrafficbecomeunstablewhenthenumberofcars(passingaspecificspot)perlaneperhourreachesbetween2,000and2,500.Atthatnominalcapacitylevel,trafficisverylikelytobecomeunstable,”saysHaniMahmassani,atrafficscientistatNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.

Consideraclassiccase.Aslow-movingcarshiftsintotheleftlanetopassanevenslower-movingcar.Thecarimmediatelybehindthelane-changerhastodeceleratedramatically—notjusttothespeedofthecarinfrontofhim,butslowenoughtocreateasafedrivingdistancebetweenthem.Thenextcarbackhastoslowdownevenmore,againtogiveitselfacushion.Thisslowdownripplebackthroughthelaneandeventuallyspreadsintotheotherlanesasnearbydriversnoticetheseaofbrakelightsandreflexivelyslowdown.Trafficresearchersrefertothisasashockwave,anditcantravelbackformiles.

Unfortunately,whilewe’vegottenreallygoodatunderstandingwhytrafficjamshappen,ourtoolstopreventthemareprettylimited.

First,wedon’thatespendingtimeinourcarsasmuchaswepretendto.“Becausebuildingmoreroadsdoesn’timprovetrafficflow,”saysChrisBarrett,aVirginiaTechprofessorwhoconstructstrafficmodelingsystems.“Ifyoudecreasetheamountoftimeittakestotravelacertaindistancetowork,peoplejustmovefartherawayfromtheiroffices.Itchangesbehaviorinanegativeway.”

Moreover,peoplehavestronglyresistedthebestcongestion-fightingtoolthatcanbeimmediatelyimplemented.EverytrafficexpertIspokewithpointedouttherunawaysuccessofLondon’scongestionpricingsystem.Driverswhowanttoentertheheartofthecityduringbusytimeshavetopay10pounds-about$16.Thesystemhasmadeahugedifferenceinreducingcongestion,andthecityisusingtheextrarevenuetorenovatethesubwayandaddbuses.

26.InParagraph1“trafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem”meansthat______.

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetrafficscience?

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout“shockwave”isCORRECT?

29.Whichofthefollowingtrafficjampreventiontoolsisbotheffectiveandrealistic?

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itisconceptuallycomplicated

B.itpretendstobecomplicated

C.itscomplicationisconfusing

D.itscomplicationisdoubtful

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theformationmechanismoftrafficcongestionstillpuzzlesthescientists.

B.Trafficsciencestudiestheinteractionsofintelligentparticles.

C.Scientistshavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintrafficscience.

D.Thereisnosuchaboundarycapacitybeyondwhichtrafficflowswillbecomeunstable.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itaffectsthelaneusedforovertakingcarsonly.

B.Itismorelikelytoappearinastabletrafficflow.

C.Itwillcausethelane-changertoslowdown.

D.Itisarippleeffectinitiatedbyaslow-movingcar.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Buildingmoreroads.

B.CongestionpricingsysteminLondon.

C.Adoptingself-drivingtechnologyoncars.

D.CongestiontaxationinWashingtonD.C.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Trafficsciencestrugglestokeepcarsflowing.

B.Trafficscienceprovedunreliableintrafficcontrol.

C.Trafficscientistsconstructtrafficmodelingsystems.

D.Trafficexpertssupportcongestionpricingsystem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.InParagraph1“trafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem”meansthat______.26.在第一段中，“交通是一個(gè)具有欺騙性的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題”指的是______。

A.itisconceptuallycomplicatedA.它在概念上是復(fù)雜的

B.itpretendstobecomplicatedB.它假裝很復(fù)雜

C.itscomplicationisconfusingC.它的復(fù)雜性是令人困惑的

D.itscomplicationisdoubtfulD.它的復(fù)雜性值得懷疑

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干的信息可以定位至第一段最后三句“然而，事實(shí)證明，交通是一個(gè)看似復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題（adeceptivelycomplicatedproblem）。事實(shí)上，它可以說(shuō)類似于分子物理學(xué)（resemblemolecularphysics），因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)以復(fù)雜方式相互作用的個(gè)體實(shí)踐系統(tǒng)?！?，這表明交通科學(xué)的含義比較復(fù)雜，且令人困惑，故C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表述不全面，以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)中的pretend并不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)中doubt也沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetrafficscience?27.根據(jù)文章，可以從交通科學(xué)中得出什么結(jié)論？

A.Theformationmechanismoftrafficcongestionstillpuzzlesthescientists.A.交通擁堵的形成機(jī)制仍然困擾著科學(xué)家們。

B.Trafficsciencestudiestheinteractionsofintelligentparticles.B.交通科學(xué)研究智能粒子之間的相互作用。

C.Scientistshavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintrafficscience.C.科學(xué)家們?cè)诮煌茖W(xué)方面取得了重大突破。

D.Thereisnosuchaboundarycapacitybeyondwhichtrafficflowswillbecomeunstable.D.沒(méi)有這樣一個(gè)邊界容量，超過(guò)這個(gè)邊界交通流量就會(huì)變得不穩(wěn)定。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位第二段最后一句“科學(xué)家們?cè)谶^(guò)去十年左右的時(shí)間里弄清楚的是，交通在兩者之間何時(shí)以及為什么會(huì)發(fā)生變化”，以及第三段造成交通不穩(wěn)定的邊界容量，綜合可推知，科學(xué)家們?cè)诮煌茖W(xué)方面取得了一定的進(jìn)展，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第五段“……我們非常擅長(zhǎng)理解交通堵塞發(fā)生的原因（understandingwhytrafficjamshappen）……”可知，科學(xué)家們知道造成交通堵塞的原因，所以A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)定位第三段“我們從我們的模型中看到，當(dāng)每小時(shí)每條車道通過(guò)特定地點(diǎn)的汽車數(shù)量達(dá)到2000至2500輛時(shí)，交通就會(huì)變得不穩(wěn)定。在這種名義容量水平下，交通很可能變得不穩(wěn)定。”，可知，該項(xiàng)為反向干擾。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout“shockwave”isCORRECT?28.下列關(guān)于“沖擊波”的陳述哪一個(gè)是正確的？

A.Itaffectsthelaneusedforovertakingcarsonly.A.它只影響用于超車的車道。

B.Itismorelikelytoappearinastabletrafficflow.B.它更有可能出現(xiàn)在穩(wěn)定的交通流中。

C.Itwillcausethelane-changertoslowdown.C.這會(huì)使變更車道者減速。

D.Itisarippleeffectinitiatedbyaslow-movingcar.D.這是一輛緩慢行駛的汽車引發(fā)的連鎖反應(yīng)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第四段，該段陳述了一個(gè)經(jīng)典案例：一輛開(kāi)得很慢的汽車駛?cè)胱筌嚨?，超過(guò)一輛開(kāi)得更慢的汽車。緊跟在換車道人后面的那輛車必須大幅減速，不僅要減速到與前車的速度相同，還要減速到與前車保持安全的行駛距離。下一輛后退的車不得不進(jìn)一步減速，再次給自己一個(gè)緩沖。當(dāng)附近的司機(jī)注意到前面有一大片剎車燈，并反射性地減速時(shí)，這種減速效應(yīng)會(huì)波及到車道，最終擴(kuò)散到其他車道。交通研究人員將其稱為沖擊波（shockwave），它可以向后傳播數(shù)英里。那么從這個(gè)案例我們可以知道，shockwave指的就是最開(kāi)始的一輛汽車在緩慢行駛時(shí)引發(fā)的一系列反應(yīng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的only不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)只是D選項(xiàng)中的一部分，屬于以偏概全。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Whichofthefollowingtrafficjampreventiontoolsisbotheffectiveandrealistic?29.以下哪一種交通堵塞預(yù)防工具既有效又現(xiàn)實(shí)？

A.Buildingmoreroads.A.建造更多的道路。

B.CongestionpricingsysteminLondon.B.倫敦交通擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)。

C.Adoptingself-drivingtechnologyoncars.

C.在汽車上采用自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)。

D.CongestiontaxationinWashingtonD.C.D.華盛頓特區(qū)的交通擁堵稅。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位最后一段第二句“倫敦的擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)取得了巨大成功（therunawaysuccessofLondon’scongestionpricingsystem）”，以及最后一句“該系統(tǒng)在緩解擁堵方面發(fā)揮了巨大作用（hasmadeahugedifferenceinreducingcongestion），該市正利用額外收入翻新地鐵和增加公交車”，由此可知，倫敦的擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)對(duì)于交通堵塞預(yù)防很有效，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位倒數(shù)第二段第一句“因?yàn)樾藿ǜ嗟牡缆凡⒉荒芨纳平煌髁浚╞uildingmoreroadsdoesn’timprovetrafficflow）”，以及第二句“如果你減少通勤時(shí)間，人們就會(huì)搬到離辦公室更遠(yuǎn)的地方”，可知，如果修建更多的道路，人們的通勤時(shí)間減少，那么人們會(huì)搬到離辦公室更遠(yuǎn)的地方，從而交通堵塞問(wèn)題還是存在，所以該項(xiàng)為反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)并沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?30.這篇文章的主旨是什么？

A.Trafficsciencestrugglestokeepcarsflowing.A.交通科學(xué)努力使汽車保持流動(dòng)。

B.Trafficscienceprovedunreliableintrafficcontrol.B.交通科學(xué)在交通控制中被證明是不可靠的。

C.Trafficscientistsconstructtrafficmodelingsystems.C.交通科學(xué)家構(gòu)建交通建模系統(tǒng)。

D.Trafficexpertssupportcongestionpricingsystem.D.交通專家支持擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章前四段闡述了交通科學(xué)在交通方面的研究，以及得出的一些研究結(jié)果，即交通的邊界容量和沖擊波，最后兩段講述防止交通擁堵的方法，并提出了可以立即實(shí)施的最佳擁堵防治工具，即擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)，并且交通科學(xué)家們都支持這個(gè)工具。綜合推斷，可知，這篇文章主要討論的就是交通科學(xué)在交通中所做的一些研究，所以A選項(xiàng)符合該篇文章的主旨。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C、D選項(xiàng)只是其中一部分提及，屬于以偏概全。

7.單選題

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanewildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune'slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem'soddestplanet.Yesterday,however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.Thescientistspositthatlargerrocksmustbeoutthere,perhapsevenlargerthanPluto,meaningPlutoismorelikelythekingofthisdistantrealmofspacedetritusthanthetiniestofthenineplanets.

Whendiscoveredin1930,’’Plutoatthatpointwastheonlything(thatfar)outthere,sotherewasnothingelsetocallitbutaplanet,"saysMikeBrown,anastronomerattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.“Nowitjustdoesn'tfit.”Inonesense,thequestionofPluto’splanetarystatusisarcane,theprovinceofpocket-protectedscientistsandsun-deprivedpenpushersdeterminedtodecidesomeofficialdesignationforaballofdustandice3billionmilesaway.

Yetitisalsounquestionablysomethingmore.Fromsciencefairdioramastogovernmentfunding,planetsholdaspecialplaceinthepublicimagination,andhowPlutoiseventuallyseen—bykidsandCongressalike—couldshapewhatfuturegenerationslearnaboutthismysteriousoutpostontheedgeofthesolarsystem.Thedebatehasspilttheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto'sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.

Elsewhere,thesolarsystemfitintonearfamilies:therockyinnerplanets,theasteroidbelt,thehugeandgaseousouterplanets.Pluto,though,waspeculiar.WiththediscoveryoftheKuiperBelt~countlessbitsofrockandiceleftunusedwhenthewheelofthesolarsystemfirstformed—Plutosuddenlyseemedtohavecousins.Yetuntilyesterday,itheldtoitsplanetarydistinctionbecauseitwasfarlargerthananythinglocatedthere.

TherubnowisQuaoar(pronouncedKWAH-oar),1billionmilesbeyondPlutoandroughlyhalfaslarge.NamedafterthecreationforceofthetribethatoriginallyinhabitedtheLosAngelesbasin,Quaoarforecastsproblemsfortheerstwhileninthplanet,saysdiscovererDr.Brown:"ThecaseisgoingtogetalothardertodefendthedaysomebodyfindssomethinglargerthanPluto."

Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof"planet".Inshort,thereisnone.TotheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant’wanderer”,describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.Today,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.

NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsagobysupposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.“Inreality,however,theplanetariumwasmakingamuchbroaderstatement，’’saysNellDegrasseTyson,anastrophysicistthere.Thetextbooksofthefutureshouldfocusmoreonfamiliesoflikeobjectsthan”planets，’.ThediscoveryofQuaoarstrengthensthisidea:"Everyoneneedstorethinkthestructureofoursolarsystem,"hesays,“We'vejuststoppedcountingplanets."

Still,manyareloathtopartwiththeplanetPluto.TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.Ithasathinatmosphere,forone.Itreflectsagreatdealoflight,whilemostKuiperBeltobjectsareverydark.AndunlikeallbutahandfulofknownKuiperBeltobjects,ithasamoon.”MaybePluto,then,shouldberepresentativeofanewclassofplanets,"saysMarkSykes,anastronomerattheUniversityofArizonainTucson,nIt*sthefirstexample,andwearejustbeginningtofindthiscategory?'

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.FromwhenwasPlutoseriouslyquestionedaboutitsplanetarystatus?

3.Thesentence"Inshort,thereisnone."(Para.7)canbeparaphrasedaswhichofthefollowing?

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTsupportthestatementthatPlutoisour”solarsystem’soddestplanet”?

5.Theword’’commotion”intheexpression"NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsago”(Para.8)canbereplacedby（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.RockslargerthanPlutohavebeenfoundintheKuiperBelt

B.TheKuiperBeltdidnotexistwhenPlutowasfirstdiscovered

C.TheastronomersaredividedwithregardtothestatusofPluto

D.ThereisalmostnodifferencebetweenPlutoandotherKuiperBeltobject

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Asearlyas1930.

B.Morethanadecadeago.

C.WhentheKuiperBeltwasdiscovered.

D.WhenQuaoarwasdiscovered.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThereisnoproblemwithPluto'splanetarystatus

B.ThereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenPlutoandotherplanets.

C.Thereisyetnoscientificdefinitionoftheterm"planet*'.

D.Thereisnocleardistinctionbetweenplanetsandstars.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsorbitistoooval.

B.Itisunusuallysmall.

C.Itisfarthestfromthesun.

D.Itmainlyconsistsofdustandice.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.exchangeofopinions

B.wildimagination

C.thoroughinvestigation

D.agitatedconfusion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘根據(jù)短文，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的?’。A選項(xiàng)“在柯伊伯帶已發(fā)現(xiàn)比冥王星更大的巖石”和B選項(xiàng)“在冥王星被首次發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，柯伊伯帶是不存在的”在文中沒(méi)有提及，排除；由最后一段第二句“TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.他們注意到冥王星實(shí)際上不同于許多柯伊伯帶的天體。”確定D選項(xiàng)“冥王星與其它柯伊伯帶物體之間幾乎沒(méi)有差異”錯(cuò)誤。由第三段第二句“Inonesense,thequestionofPluto'splanetarystatusisarcane,在某種意義上，冥王星的行星地位問(wèn)題是晦澀難解的”和第四段中“Thedebatehasspilttheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.十年來(lái)，這個(gè)爭(zhēng)論一直困擾著天文學(xué)界，讓天文學(xué)界分成了持不同觀點(diǎn)的派系。”確定C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于冥王星的地位，天文學(xué)家們出現(xiàn)了分歧”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘冥王星的行星地位從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始受到嚴(yán)肅的質(zhì)疑?’。

文章第一段第一句“Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.自從發(fā)現(xiàn)它以后，冥王星事實(shí)上一直未能融入太陽(yáng)系?！备鶕?jù)第二段第二句“Yesterday,however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPluto…然而，昨天，科學(xué)家們發(fā)布了可能是迄今為止最令人信服的證據(jù)，證明冥王星實(shí)際上根本不是一顆行星。天文學(xué)家們第一次觀測(cè)到冥王星以外的巖石帶?！焙偷谒亩巫詈笠痪洹癊venbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto'sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.甚至在遙遠(yuǎn)的柯伊伯帶被發(fā)現(xiàn)之前，冥王星的異常行為就已經(jīng)讓人產(chǎn)生了懷疑?！?，確定C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)凱伯帶被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)”符合題意，正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘他說(shuō):“簡(jiǎn)而言之，沒(méi)有。”(第7段)可改述為下列哪一項(xiàng)?’，所以答案在第七段。由第七段第一句“Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof’’planet’.在一些人看來(lái)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題（即冥王星是否是行星的問(wèn)題）與冥王星無(wú)關(guān)，而是與對(duì)‘行星’的定義有關(guān)?！?、第七段第二句“TotheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant'wanderer",describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.對(duì)于創(chuàng)造了“漫游者”一詞的希臘人來(lái)說(shuō)，它的意思是“漫游者”，描述行星在夜空中移動(dòng)的方式與它們背后的恒星不同?！奔暗谄叨巫詈笠痪洹癟oday,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.今天，隨著我們對(duì)宇宙更加細(xì)致入微的理解，這個(gè)詞不再有太多的科學(xué)意義?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)術(shù)語(yǔ)‘行星’仍沒(méi)有科學(xué)定義”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不支持冥王星是我們“太陽(yáng)系中最奇怪的行星”的說(shuō)法?’。由第一段第二句“AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune，itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystem...蒼白,發(fā)光的巨頭海王星之后,它只不過(guò)是一個(gè)宇宙塵螨，橫掃最遠(yuǎn)到達(dá)太陽(yáng)系的……”確定B選項(xiàng)“它非常小”和C選項(xiàng)“它離太陽(yáng)最遠(yuǎn)”與原文一致；由第一段最后一句“thearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor'spath.它的軌道呈橢圓形，偶爾會(huì)穿過(guò)它巨大的藍(lán)色鄰居的軌道?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“它的軌道是很橢圓形的”與原文一致；所以用排除法，確定D選項(xiàng)“它主要地由塵埃和冰構(gòu)成”符合題意。

5.詞匯題。題干詢問(wèn)‘“紐約的海登天文館在兩年前引起了一場(chǎng)騷亂”(第8段)中的“騷動(dòng)”一詞可以被替換為…’。由第八段第一句“supposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.據(jù)推測(cè)，冥王星將被降級(jí)，并與柯伊伯帶的巨大移動(dòng)星系中的物體放在一起?！焙偷诰哦蔚谝痪洹癝till,manyareloathtopartwiththeplanetPluto.盡管如此，許多人還是不愿與冥王星分離。”確定D選項(xiàng)“公開(kāi)爭(zhēng)論不休的混淆”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

8.單選題

Manyrenownedscientistsquestionedthevalidityoftheassumption.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.weakness

C.correctness

D.uncertainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credit“信用，信譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)weakness“弱點(diǎn)；軟弱；嗜好”；C選項(xiàng)correctness“正確性”；D選項(xiàng)uncertainty“猶豫；不確定的事物；不確定度”。句意：許多著名的科學(xué)家對(duì)這一假設(shè)的正確性提出了質(zhì)疑。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞questionedthe…oftheassumption（對(duì)假設(shè)提出質(zhì)疑），結(jié)合句意，得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Doyouthinkthatreligionis______withscience?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparative

B.compatible

C.competitive

D.comparable

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.comparative比較的，相比的B.compatible可共用的；兼容的

C.competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的D.comparable類似的；可比較的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】從介詞with可知，becompatiblewith是固定搭配，表示“與……相兼容”，且符合句意“你認(rèn)為宗教和科學(xué)是______嗎？”，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C沒(méi)有此用法搭配；

D項(xiàng)becomparablewith表示“比得上……的，與……類似的”，不符合句意。

【句意】你認(rèn)為宗教可以和科學(xué)共存嗎？

10.單選題

Thespeaker______uswithtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.detour

B.offset

C.tantalized

D.ushered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.detour繞行，繞道B.offset抵消，彌補(bǔ)；襯托出

C.tantalized逗弄；令人干著急D.ushered引導(dǎo)；招待；迎接

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)withtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure（講述異國(guó)風(fēng)情和埋藏寶藏的故事）可知，這個(gè)演講者是通過(guò)講故事來(lái)逗樂(lè)我們，C項(xiàng)詞義符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】演講者講了許多關(guān)于異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)和埋藏寶藏的故事，把我們逗樂(lè)了。

11.填空題

Psychologiststakecontrastiveviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists（1）researchtherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequencesarguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintain（2）rewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependence（3）approvalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparks（4）ingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,（5）toastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingfora（6）andcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity’’，saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsfor（7）performanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithdiscouragedstudents,Eisenbergerholds（8）anexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailing（9）.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,in（10）studentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstoward,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

【答案】（1）who

（2）that

（3）on

（4）creativity

（5）according

（6）reward

（7）poor

（8）As

（9）grades

（10）which

【解析】（1）語(yǔ)法題。考查定語(yǔ)從句。此空后的句子為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為“Behaviorists”，所以應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞who，引導(dǎo)修飾人的定語(yǔ)從句。

（2）語(yǔ)法題?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。空后的內(nèi)容為maintain的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填一個(gè)可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的詞。而且上文的賓語(yǔ)從句“arguethat...”也可以推斷出本空填"that。

（3）固定搭配。固定短語(yǔ)dependon意為“依賴，依靠”，其名詞形式dependence也需要跟介詞on。

（4）語(yǔ)義連接。本文是在講述獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、表?yè)P(yáng)與創(chuàng)造性的關(guān)系，此句意為“但是小心地使用小量的金錢(qián)報(bào)酬能激起分級(jí)學(xué)校孩子們的”第一段中提到“destroycreativity”,因此該空格處應(yīng)填“creativity”。

（5）固定搭配。According填在空格處,句意為：根據(jù)一項(xiàng)個(gè)性與社會(huì)心理學(xué)的六月雜志的研究。

（6）語(yǔ)義連接。本文講獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)與創(chuàng)造性的關(guān)系，此句意為“如果孩子們知道他們?cè)跒楣ぷ??！憋@然，此空處應(yīng)填“reward”(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))。

（7）語(yǔ)義連接。推測(cè)此句意為“但是如果獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)表現(xiàn)不好的,或者制造過(guò)高的對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)期望值,這很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造性。因此此處填poor比較合適。

（8）語(yǔ)義連接。此句意為作為后一種觀點(diǎn)的例子”。

（9）語(yǔ)義連接。前句句意:給平常成績(jī)的學(xué)生打高分的老師，最終會(huì)使學(xué)生泄氣。此句句意:他指出，各大學(xué)在嚴(yán)格控制評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和恢復(fù)不及格成績(jī)方面做出越來(lái)越多的努力。此處應(yīng)填grade的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

（10）語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。此空后的句子應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為“tokeneconomies”，故此空應(yīng)填一個(gè)可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，而且空格前面有介詞in,故只能填“which”。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticeNetworksponsoredaforumonthehistoryofgunownership,gunuse,andgunviolenceintheUnitedStates.Ourpurposewastoconsiderhowsocialsciencehistorymightcontributetothepublicdebateoverguncontrolandgunrights.Todate,wehavehadlittleimpactonthatdebate.Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despiteprofoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.KleckandMarkGertz,forinstance,argueonthebasisoftheirwidelycitedsurveythatgunownerspreventnumerouscrimeseachyearintheUnitedStatesbyusingfirearmstodefendthemselvesandtheirproperty.Iftheirsurveyrespondentsaretobebelieved,Americangunownersshot100,000criminalsin1994inself—defense—apreposterousnumber.Lottclaimsonthebasisofhisstatisticalanalysisofrecentcrimeratesthatlawsallowingprivateindividualstocarryconcealedfirearmstodetermurders,rapes,androbberies,becausecriminalsareafraidtoattackpotentiallyarmedvictims.However,hebiaseshisresultsbyconfininghisanalysistotheyearbetween1977and1992,whenviolentcrimerateshadpeakedandvariedlittlefromyeartoyear.Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthateachofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.

ContrarytoKleckandLott,BellesilesinsiststhatgunsandAmerica’s“gunculture”areresponsibleforAmerica’shighrateofmurder.InBelleville’sopinion,relativelyfewAmericansownedgunsbeforethe1850sorknowhowtouse,maintain,orrepairthem.Asaresult,hesays,gunscontributedlittletothehomiciderate,especiallyamongwhites,whichwasloweverywhere,evenintheSouthandonthefrontier,wherehistoriansonceassumedgunandmurderwenthandinhand.AccordingtoBellesiles,thesepatternschangeddramaticallyaftertheMexicanWarandespeciallyaftertheCivilWar,whengunownershipbecamewidespreadandculturalchangesencouragedtheuseofhandgunstocommandrespectandresolvepersonalandpoliticaldisputes.Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomicidesthatnevertrulyabated.Tothisday,theUnitedStateshasthehighesthomiciderateofanyindustrialdemocracy.Bellesiles’slowestimatesofgunownershipinearlyAmericaconflict,however,withthoseofeveryhistorianwhohaspreviouslystudiedthesubjectandhasthusfarprovenirreproducible.Everyhomicidestatistichepresentsiseithermisleadingorwrong.

GiventheinfluenceofKleck,Lott,Bellesilesandotherpartisanscholarsonthedebateoverguncontrolandgunrights,wefeltaneedtopulltogetherwhatsocialsciencehistorianshavelearnedtodateaboutthehistoryofgunownershipandgunviolenceinAmerica,andtoconsiderwhatresearchmethodsandprojectsmightincreaseourknowledgeinthenearfuture.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthepublicdebateoverguncontrol?

2.TheauthormentionsKleck,Lott,andBellesilesmainlyto（）.

3.Theauthor’smaincriticismofJohnLottisthathe（）.

4.WithwhichofthefollowingwillBellesilesmostprobablyagree?

5.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.IthaslittleinfluenceontheforumsponsoredbytheCrimeandJusticeNetwork.

B.Neithersupportersnoropponentsofguncontrolcitetheworksofscholars.

C.Theworksofmainstreamsocialscientistshavegreatimpactonit.

D.Manysocialsciencehistorianshavesofarfailedtotakepartinit.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheinfluencetheyhaveontheissueofguncontrol

B.refutetheclaimthatprivateownershipoffirearmswilldeterviolentcrimes

C.supportthethesisthatgunownershipleadstomoreviolence

D.demonstratewhyresearchmethodsshouldbeimprovedinthestudyofthegunownershiphistory

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.advocatesprivateownershipoffirearms

B.isnotobjectiveinhisanalysis

C.hasanalyzedawrongperiod

D.hasciteddubiousstatistics

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Guncontrolshouldbetightened.

B.Gunshavelittletodowithmurder.

C.“Gunculture”wastheresultofhighhomicideratesinAmerica.

D.Thestatisticsthatearlierhistoriansproducedofgunownershipisreliable.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.resolvingapublicdisputeoverguncontrol

B.describingtheeffectsofearlierstudiesonguncontrol

C.analyzingtheflawsintheprevioustheoriesaboutguncontrol

D.summarizingtherecentdevelopmentinthestudiesofguncontrol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。下面哪一個(gè)關(guān)于公眾對(duì)槍支的控制的陳述是正確的？選項(xiàng)A“它對(duì)犯罪與司法網(wǎng)創(chuàng)建的論壇的影響很小”；選項(xiàng)B“槍支控制的支持者和反對(duì)者都沒(méi)有引用學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)”；選項(xiàng)C“主流社會(huì)科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)其有很大的影響”；選項(xiàng)D“許多社會(huì)科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家目前不能夠參與其中”，根據(jù)文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians它被主流的社會(huì)科學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家所主導(dǎo)”，可知社會(huì)科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)犯罪與司法網(wǎng)所創(chuàng)建的論壇的影響極大，由此可知其對(duì)民眾的看法也具有很大的影響，可知正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第2題:推理判斷題。作者提到Kleck，Lott和Bellesiles是為了，選項(xiàng)A“說(shuō)明他們對(duì)槍支控制問(wèn)題上的影響力”；選項(xiàng)B“反駁個(gè)人擁有槍火會(huì)阻止暴力犯罪這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)”；選項(xiàng)C“支持槍支所有權(quán)會(huì)帶來(lái)犯罪這個(gè)理論”；選項(xiàng)D“論證為何槍支所有權(quán)的歷史研究的研究方法需要改善”，根據(jù)文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despitepropoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.它被主流的社會(huì)科學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家所主導(dǎo)，尤其是GaryKleck，JohnLott，和MichaelBellesiles這樣的學(xué)者，他們的理論盡管存在缺陷，但還是被槍支控制問(wèn)題的反對(duì)者和支持者在政治上所擁護(hù)”，可知這些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)都存在其缺陷，之后作者在介紹他們的觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候也會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的觀點(diǎn)所存在