考研考博-英語-山東醫(yī)學(xué)高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東醫(yī)學(xué)高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Weshouldbejudgedbythequalityofourproductsandthevalueinvestors___fromthem.

問題1選項

A.deride

B.derive

C.elude

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deride“嘲笑；嘲弄”；B選項derive“源于；得自；獲得”；C選項elude“（尤指機智地，巧妙地）避開，逃避，躲避；使無法得到；使無法達到；使不記得；使不理解”；D選項evade“逃避；規(guī)避；逃脫”。句意：我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)我們產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和投資者從中___的價值來判斷。本句表達“投資者從中獲得的價值”，因此B選項正確。

2.翻譯題

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)Anewcommittee,setupbytheeditorsofnineprominentmedicaljournals,calledlastweekforgovernmentstotacklescientificmisconductandfraudulentpublicationinamoresystematicway.

“Casesarestillexposedmostlybychance,andweworryaboutthescaleoftheproblem,”saysRichardSmith,editoroftheBritishMedicalJournalandamemberoftheCommitteeonPublicationEthics(COPE),whichisoneofseveralorganizationsinEuropecurrentlylookingintowaystobeefupmechanismstodealwithpublicationmisconduct.(2)COPE,whosemembersincludetheeditorsoftheLancet,Gut,andTheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,invitedmorethan100othereditorsheretodiscussthescopeoftheproblemandhowtodealwithevidenceofmisconductinpublicationssubmittedtothemforreview.Editorsrelatedtheirexperienceswithincidentsincludingtheforgingofsignaturesofpatientsandmembersofethicscommitteesthatmonitorresearchprograms,plagiarismofresearchpublishedinmajorWesternjournalsforrepublicationinEasternEuropeanjournals,publishingreportsofpatientswhocouldbeidentifiedwithouttheirconsent.

(3)Theseincidentsweredescribedwithoutrevealingnamesbecauseofworriesaboutlibellawsandsothatthecareersofwhistleblowerswhobroughtcasestolightwouldnotbejeopardized.

COPE,saysSmith,willpublishalistofreportedcasesofmisconducteachyeartosensitizeeditorstotheproblems.

COPE’seffortsarebeingmatchedbyotherinitiativesinEurope.(4)TheMaxPlanckSociety,Germany’spremierresearchorganization,isalsocarryingoutareviewofproceduresitmayadopttohelpcountermisconduct,andtheresultsarealsoexpectedshortly.AndatthemostrecentmeetingoftheEuropeanheadsofresearchcouncilsinDublinlastmonth,theproblemofscientificmisconductwasatthetopoftheagenda.ThecouncilheadsarelookinginparticularatDanisheffortsthathaveculminatedinanewnationalcommitteeonscientificdishonesty.(5)UnliketheU.S.OfficeofResearchIntegrity,whichcaninvestigatemisconductclaimsonlywhentheyinvolvegovernmentfunds,theDanishcommitteecanworkacrossthescientificspectrum.COPEisalsointerestedintheU.S.andDanishefforts.“Editorscanonlygosofar,”saysKennedy.“Eventuallyyouneedanindependentbodytoinvestigateclaimsfairly.”

【答案】1.由九家著名醫(yī)學(xué)雜志的編輯組建的一個新委員會上周呼吁各國政府以一種更系統(tǒng)的方式解決科學(xué)不當(dāng)行為和虛假發(fā)表。

2.COPE的成員包括《柳葉刀》《腸道》和《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會雜志》的編輯，邀請了100多名其他編輯在這里討論這個問題的范圍，以及如何處理提交給他們審查的出版物中的不當(dāng)行為證據(jù)。

3.由于擔(dān)心違反誹謗法，這些事件的描述沒有透露姓名，這樣將案件公布于眾的告密者的職業(yè)生涯就不會受到損害。

4.德國首要的研究機構(gòu)馬克斯?普朗克學(xué)會(MaxPlanckSociety)也在對可能采取的幫助打擊不當(dāng)行為的程序進行審查，結(jié)果也將很快公布。

5.美國研究誠信辦公室(OfficeofResearchIntegrity)只有在涉及到政府資金的情況下才能調(diào)查不當(dāng)行為指控，與此不同的是，丹麥委員會可以在整個科學(xué)領(lǐng)域開展工作。

3.單選題

Allpartsofthissewingmachineare（

）sothatitisverysimpletogetreplacementsforthem.

問題1選項

A.mechanized

B.minimized

C.modernized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。mechanize意為“使機械化”；minimize意為“使最小化，使減少到最低限度”；modernize意為“使現(xiàn)代化”；standardize意為“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（或規(guī)格）”。

由itisverysimpletogetreplacements（替換很簡單）可推測Allpartsofthissewingmachine（縫紉機的所有零部件）應(yīng)是“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件”，因此選D。

句意：這臺縫紉機的所有零件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的——所以很容易就能找到它們的替換件。

4.單選題

Howmanyofus（

）,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

問題1選項

A.attended

B.attending

C.toattend

D.haveattended

【答案】B

【解析】考查分詞作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“say”為插入語，“thatisirrelevanttous”為定語，句中主干為：Howmanyofus

ameetingwouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?wouldbeinterestedin是謂語，那么空格處為非謂語動詞，作定語修飾名詞us。不定式作定語表未發(fā)生的，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表主動關(guān)系，所指的時間既可以指過去，也可指現(xiàn)在。過去分詞作定語表被動關(guān)系，因此選B。

句意：比如說，參加一個與我們毫不相干的會議，那么我們當(dāng)中有多少人會對會議上的討論感興趣呢？

5.翻譯題

顧客對產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有不同的價值觀。有的顧客要求價格低，購物方便；有的顧客對價格并不太在意，他們要求產(chǎn)品必須是最新款式，在市場上代表最先進的技術(shù)；還有的顧客要求產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)能滿足他們特殊的需求。所以，一家公司若要成為領(lǐng)先市場的首腦公司并保持其競爭優(yōu)勢，就必須根據(jù)自身的條件集中在某個方面做出突出的表現(xiàn)，或者以低成本取勝，或者以最新名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品取勝，或者以與特殊的顧客群建立緊密的關(guān)系取勝。

【答案】Customershavedifferentvaluesaboutproductsandservices.Somecustomersaskforlowpricesandconvenientshopping.Somecustomersdonotcaremuchabouttheprice.Theyrequiretheproductstobeofthelateststyleandtorepresentthemostadvancedtechnologyinthemarket.Othersdemandproductsorservicesthatmeettheirspecificneeds.Therefore,ifacompanywantstobecomealeadingcompanyinthemarketandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantage,itmustfocusonaparticularareaofoutstandingperformanceaccordingtoitsownconditions,eitherbywinningwithlowcost,orbywinningwiththelatestandbestproducts,orbybuildingacloserelationshipwithaparticularcustomergroup.

6.填空題

SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeans

whichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuch

A

B

C

D

asindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

【答案】Dwhich改為bywhich

【解析】【考查點】從句。

【解題思路】D部分到句子結(jié)尾是修飾means的定語從句，means為事物，引導(dǎo)詞用which，結(jié)合短語bymeans，確定bywhich正確。

【句意】由于競爭被大多數(shù)美國人視為進步和繁榮的主要來源，具有競爭力的商業(yè)機構(gòu)受到尊重。競爭不僅本身有好處，它還是一種維護其他美國價值觀的方式，如個人自由、機會均等、勤奮工作等。

7.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall______sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問題1選項

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項orrather“更精確的說，倒不如說”，B項ratherthan“而不是”，C項butrather“而寧可說是”，D項otherthan“除了”。根據(jù)句子可知，not…butrather…固定搭配，表示“不是……而是……”。句意：有時病人遭受嚴(yán)重的疼痛可以通過“藥物”來緩解，這些“藥物”根本不是藥物，而是不含任何活性化學(xué)元素的糖丸。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

8.翻譯題

人類是一個不斷自然進化過程的產(chǎn)物，其中包括無數(shù)次的遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化：這一不可阻擋的進程自45億年前地球形成以來就一直未曾間斷過。這一進化過程，受環(huán)境因素的影響，經(jīng)過隨機突變，形成了更具適應(yīng)性的系統(tǒng)，從而保證了其連續(xù)性。在動物世界，這導(dǎo)致了更高級物種的進化，并在人類身上達到了極致，因為人類已經(jīng)獲得了創(chuàng)新思維的能力。我認(rèn)為這標(biāo)志著進化進入了一個非常重要的階段，使一個物種首次有能力掌握了自身命運。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtotranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】Humanbeingsaretheproductofacontinuousprocessofnaturalevolution,includingnumerousgenetictransformations:aninexorableprocessthathasbeengoingonuninterruptedsincetheearthformed4.5billionyearsago.Thisevolutionaryprocess,influencedbyenvironmentalfactors,throughrandommutation,formedamoreadaptablesystem,thusensuringitscontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thishasledtotheevolutionofhigherspecies,culminatinginhumans,whohaveacquiredtheabilitytothinkcreatively,thinkthismarksaveryimportantstageinevolution,thefirsttimeaspecieshasbeenabletocontrolitsowndestiny.

9.單選題

Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-MeadowoftheUniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully-andnotoutofidlecuriosity.Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmightbeusedasanaidtochildren’slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAAAS,thattheycan.

Theexperimentsheconductedinvolvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationof2+3+4=x+4writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr.Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoarelearningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.

InherpreviousworkDr.Goldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneousgestureswhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematicalpuzzles,sotoseeifthesehand-movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroupofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedtogesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalessoninhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.

AsDr.Goldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgrouplearntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedtheexperiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwiththefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforetaughtthisgestureexplicitlytoanothergroupofchildrenor,rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taughtanotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthiswayandtoldtheremaindertousenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly’stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.

Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.

1.WhydoesSusanGoldin-Meadowcarryoutsuchastudy?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

3.AccordingtoSusan’sstudy,childrenwholeantheleastmaybe（

）.

4.Thelastsentenceofthistextprobablymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeoplecommunicate.

B.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeopletothink

C.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicateandthink.

D.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicatenottothink.

問題2選項

A.Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation.

B.Beingone’swriststogetherisanItalianwaytoshowspeechless.

C.Everyonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.

D.Gesturesaccompanyingspeecharenotstudiestopeople’scontent.

問題3選項

A.thosewhomakenogestures

B.thosewhogesturecorrectly

C.thosewhogesturewrongly

D.thosewhomakenogesturesandgesturewrongly

問題4選項

A.correctgesturinginsteadofwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning.

B.correctgesturingtogetherwithwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

C.nogesturingismoreinspiringinlearningthanwronggesturing

D.neithernogesturingnorwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題目提問‘為什么SusanGoldin-Meadow要進行這樣的研究?’根據(jù)文章第一段第三句與第四句的“Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis.研究認(rèn)為手勢不僅能幫助人們進行交流，而且還幫助他們?nèi)ニ伎?。她打算通過實驗來證明這些研究”確定C選項‘測試手勢幫助人們進行交流和思考‘正確。A選項’測試手勢僅僅幫助人們進行交流‘、B選項‘測試僅僅幫助人們進行思考‘只提及了一部分，不正確；D選項’測試手勢幫助人們進行交流而不進行思考‘與原文不符。

2.推斷題。題目提問‘我們能從第一段推斷出什么?’A選項‘人類語言是無止境的科學(xué)研究的主題’是第一段中直接提出的，不是推斷出的，排除；B選項‘意大利人表示無語的方式是手腕放在—起’與文中的“ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether.人們有時開玩笑說，讓意大利人閉嘴的方法是將他們的手腕綁在一起’意思不符，排除；C選項‘在交談的時候都會做出一些意義豐富的手勢’與“almosteveryone幾乎所有人”不符排除；根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.人類語言一直是科學(xué)研究的主題，但伴隨語言而來的手勢卻出人意料地被忽視了。”推斷出D選項‘對伴隨講話的手勢研究還不盡人意‘正確。

3.細節(jié)題。題目提問‘根據(jù)蘇珊的研究，學(xué)到最少的小孩可能是……?！鶕?jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“itwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly”stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.研究發(fā)現(xiàn)手勢正確的小孩學(xué)到的最多。但是也發(fā)現(xiàn)手勢不正確的小孩學(xué)到的仍然比沒有使用手勢的小孩多”確定A選項‘沒有做手勢的那些小孩’正確。

4.細節(jié)題。題目提問‘這篇文章的最后一句話可能是指……。’根據(jù)文章最后一句“Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.的確，它是如此發(fā)人深省，以至于即使是錯誤的姿態(tài)也有一定的價值。”確定B選項‘正確的和錯誤的手勢都能激勵學(xué)習(xí)’正確。

10.單選題

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary（

）ithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.

問題1選項

A.bythat

B.atthat

C.onthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】句意：批評和自我批評是必要的,因為它有助于我們發(fā)現(xiàn)和改正錯誤。inthat為固定搭配,意為"由于,因為",在這里引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。所以本題選D。

11.單選題

Thehindsightbiasreferstoapervasivehumantendencyforpeopletoberemarkablyadeptatreferringaprocess______theoutcomeisknownbutbeunabletopredictoutcomes______onlytheprocessesandprecipitatingeventsareknown.

問題1選項

A.although;if

B.once;when

C.when;incase

D.where;for

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.although;if盡管；如果B.once;when曾經(jīng)；當(dāng)

C.when;incase當(dāng)；以防萬一D.where;for哪里；為了

【考查點】連詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“‘事后諸葛亮偏見’指的是一種普遍存在的人類傾向，即______結(jié)果已知，人們就會非常熟練地引用某個過程，但______只有過程和突發(fā)事件已知時，他們卻無法預(yù)測結(jié)果”可知，第一個空格處表示的是條件，知道了結(jié)果，才會熟練引用某個過程，所以第一個空格填入if或者once符合；第二個空格根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示時間，填入when符合；故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項由解題思路可知，這三項不符合句子邏輯。

【句意】“事后諸葛亮偏見”指的是一種普遍存在的人類傾向，即一旦結(jié)果已知，人們就會非常熟練地引用某個過程，但當(dāng)只有過程和突發(fā)事件已知時，他們卻無法預(yù)測結(jié)果。

12.單選題

Themostprominentcharacteristicsofhandwritingareundoubtedlyletterformationandslant.

問題1選項

A.presumably

B.inmanycases

C.surely

D.withoutbias

【答案】C

【解析】presumably大概，推測起來，可假定；inmanycases在許多情況下；surely當(dāng)然，無疑；withoutbias不偏不倚。undoubtedly意為毫無疑問地，選項C與之意思最為相近。

13.單選題

Mary’sdeparture______withTom’sreturn.

問題1選項

A.complied

B.retarded

C.coincided

D.collaborated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項comply“遵守，順從”，complywith表示“照做，遵守”；B項retard“延遲，組織，妨礙”；C項coincide“一致，符合，同時發(fā)生”，coincidewith表示“符合，與……相一致”；D項collaborate“合作，勾結(jié)”，collaboratewith表示“合作，通敵”。根據(jù)句子可知，departure“離開”和return“回來”都與時間有關(guān)，只有C項可以表達時間，所以符合句意。句意：瑪麗的離開與湯姆的回來正好吻合。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

14.單選題

Amoment’sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandtheneedle—ashotofnovocaine—thatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.

Nowit’struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves—andourbrain,whichisabundleofnerves-wewouldn’tknowwhat’shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.

Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianfakirwhositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.

Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.Ifthedentistsays,thiswillhurtalittle,ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout____________.

2.Thesentence“Butwepayforoursensitivity”inthesecondparagraphimpliesthat____________.

3.WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhat____________.

4.Themostimportantthingtohandlepainis____________.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspainis____________.

問題1選項

A.howtosufferpain

B.howtoavoidpain

C.howtohandlepain

D.howtostoppain

問題2選項

A.weshouldpayadebtforourfeeling

B.wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomething

C.ourpainisworthfeeling

D.whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit

問題3選項

A.Indiansarenotatallafraidofpain

B.peoplemaybesenselessofpain

C.somepeopleareabletohandlepain

D.fakirshavemagictoputneedlesrightthroughtheirarms

問題4選項

A.howwelookatpain

B.tofeelpainasmuchaspossible

C.toshowaninterestinpain

D.toacceptthepainreluctantly

問題5選項

A.Pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.radical

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Butthereisawaytohandlepain.（但有種方法可以緩解疼痛），可知下文的內(nèi)容在講如何緩解疼痛，故C選項“如何緩解疼痛”正確，A選項“如何承受疼痛”和D選項“如何停止疼痛”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。B選項“如何避免疼痛”：文章只是講到通過打針避免疼痛，但這不是主要內(nèi)容，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.（當(dāng)我們身體的任何部位出了一點問題，我們都能感覺到疼痛。），可知疼痛反映身體部位的情況，故D選項“我們感到疼痛時，代表我們的身體正在承受疼痛”正確。A選項“我們應(yīng)該為我們的感覺償還債務(wù)”：句意不通，故錯誤。B選項“如果我們有感覺就會受傷”：有感覺和受傷沒有因果關(guān)系，故錯誤。C選項“我們的疼痛值得感受”：文章沒有提到疼痛是否值得，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.（保持放松，把疼痛當(dāng)作一種有趣的感覺來對待，我們就能處理疼痛而不會崩潰。），可知個人對于疼痛的承受力可以改變，苦行僧就是一個例子，故C選項“有些人能夠承受疼痛”正確。A選項“印度人一點也不怕疼痛”：苦行僧不等同于印度人，故錯誤。B選項“人們可能對痛苦毫無知覺”：上文說到我們的身體出了一點問題，我們都能感覺到疼痛，故錯誤。D選項“苦行僧有把針穿過他們手臂的魔法”：這不是苦行僧的魔法，只是他們對疼痛的耐受力比較高。沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.（在忍受痛苦的過程中，最重要的是我們對它的態(tài)度。），可知我們?nèi)绾慰创弁词亲钪匾模蔄選項“我們?nèi)绾慰创弁础闭_。B選項“盡可能多地感受疼痛”：文中沒有提到，故錯誤。C選項“對疼痛感興趣”：文中說的是treatingthepainasaninterestingsensation（把疼痛當(dāng)作一種有趣的感覺來對待），而不是對疼痛本身感興趣，故錯誤。D選項“不情愿地接受疼痛”：根據(jù)文章，自愿接受疼痛才是可行的，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.（畢竟，雖然疼痛是一種不愉快的感覺，但它仍然是一種感覺，而感覺是生命的組成部分。），可知作者對疼痛持正向包容態(tài)度，認(rèn)為疼痛是正常的，并不是多么可怕的壞事，故B選項“樂觀的”正確。A選項“悲觀的”，C選項“激進的”和D選項“諷刺的”都不符合題意，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

問題1選項

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contagious在句中是“傳染性的，會感染的”；A選項spreading“擴散的”；B選項contemptible“可鄙的”；C選項contented“滿足的，心安的”；D選項depressing“沉悶的，陰沉的”。句意：問題是士兵們失去信心可能會傳染。因此只有A項符合。

16.單選題

Hersondidn’tgetpaidverymuch,butmotherandsonmanagedtoget______.

問題1選項

A.over

B.off

C.by

D.down

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項getover“克服；恢復(fù)；熬過；原諒”；B選項getoff“動身；免于受罰；從……下來；脫下（衣服等）”；C選項getby“通過；（生活）過得去；過活；獲得認(rèn)可”；D選項getdown“下來；吞下；使沮喪”。句意：她的兒子掙的錢不多，但母子倆設(shè)法使生活過得去。因此C選項正確。

17.單選題

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

問題1選項

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

問題2選項

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

問題3選項

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

問題4選項

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

問題5選項

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要講中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和大腦的起源，因此C項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(諸如水螅和海葵等腔腸動物)。由此可知，B項“腔腸動物”正確。

第3題:詞義題。對于短語“tookto”的理解可參考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先進的哺乳動物，如猴子、猿和人類（靈長類動物）的大腦是由祖先進化而來的，它們…在樹上生活)，taketo本意為“開始從事”。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的魚相比最大的昆蟲有更大的頭腦)。由此可知，A項“大腦”正確。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題干為:由文章可知，什么有助于協(xié)調(diào)哺乳動物復(fù)雜的身體活動?倒數(shù)第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同時，后腦獲得了巨大的小腦來協(xié)調(diào)復(fù)雜的運動)。由此可知A項“小腦”正確。

18.單選題

Prof.Flynnfoundnostudentsinthelecturehallwhenhearrived.Onlythendidherealizethathecame（

）early.

問題1選項

A.toomuch

B.muchtoo

C.somuch

D.muchso

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Toomuch“太多”，為形容詞短語，修飾名詞；muchtoo“太······，非?！ぁぁぁぁぁぁ保瑸楦痹~短語，修飾形容詞或者副詞；somuch“這么”，副詞短語，放在動詞后修飾動詞，或者作形容詞短語修飾名詞；mushso這個短語不存在。句意：Flynn教授到達階梯教室時沒有看見一個學(xué)生。直到那時他才意識到他來得太早了。選項B符合題意。

19.單選題

Icouldn’theartheprogrambecausetherewastoomuch（

）.

問題1選項

A.grasp

B.globe

C.superior

D.interference

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我聽不清節(jié)目，因為干擾太大。

考查名詞辨析。Grasp緊抓,緊握,控制,理解(力);globe地球,世界(尤用以強調(diào)其大);superior級別(或地位、職位)更高的人,上級,上司;interference干涉,干預(yù),介入,(無線電信號的)干擾。故D符合句意。

20.單選題

Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike‘PaleolithicMan’,‘NeolithicMan’,etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.’

Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Hisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:‘Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?1sawthesea.’Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays‘I’vebeenthere.’Youmentiontheremotest,mostevocativeplace-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,Irkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay‘I’vebeenthere’—meaning,‘Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.’

Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.

1.Anthropologistslabelnowadaysmen‘Legless’because（）.

2.Travelingathighspeedmeans（）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsay‘wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes’?

4.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

5.Whatdoes‘a(chǎn)bird’s-eyeview’mean?

問題1選項

A.peopleforgethowtousehislegs.

B.peopleprefercars,busesandtrains.

C.liftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalking.

D.therearealotoftransportationdevices.

問題2選項

A.people’sfocusonthefuture.

B.apleasure.

C.satisfyingdrivers’greatthrill.

D.anecessityoflife.

問題3選項

A.Peoplewon’tusetheireyes.

B.Intravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.

C.Peoplecan’tseeanythingonhiswayoftravel.

D.Peoplewanttosleepduringtraveling.

問題4選項

A.Legsbecomeweaker.

B.Modernmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallplace.

C.Thereisnoneedtouseeyes.

D.Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.

問題5選項

A.Seeviewwithbird’seyes.

B.Abirdlooksatabeautifulview.

C.Itisageneralviewfromahighpositionlookingdown.

D.Ascenicplace.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的第三、四句“Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs….當(dāng)人類學(xué)家將目光轉(zhuǎn)向20世紀(jì)，他們肯定選擇“無腿人”這個標(biāo)簽。這個時代的歷史大概是這樣的：在20世紀(jì)，人們已經(jīng)忘記如何使用他們的腿….”后面具體舉例來論證這個觀點，比如人們坐車，乘電梯，坐電纜車等，由此可知，人類學(xué)家之所以給20世紀(jì)的人貼上“無腿人”這個標(biāo)簽是因為人們已經(jīng)忘記如何使用他們的腿。選項A符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.當(dāng)你高速旅行的時候，現(xiàn)在對于你來說毫無意義：你主要生活在未來，因為你大部分時間都在盼望到達另一個地方。”也就是說，當(dāng)人們高速旅行的時候，關(guān)注的是未來，所以選項A符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的一、二句“Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wef