考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

AbrahamLincolninsistedthat（

）notjustonmereopinionbutonmoralpurpose.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobasedemocracy

B.democracybebased

C.fordemocracytobebasedon

D.wheneverdemocracyisbased

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為表示命令、建議、要求等詞匯時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：奧巴馬林肯堅(jiān)稱民主不能僅僅建立在意念上，而應(yīng)該建立在道德目的上。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.

【答案】我們所遇到的幾乎所有重要問(wèn)題都涉及到人的行為，而且僅靠物理技術(shù)和生物技術(shù)是無(wú)法解決這些問(wèn)題的。我們所需要的是一種行為技術(shù)，但是可能產(chǎn)生這種技術(shù)的科學(xué)一直發(fā)展緩慢。難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學(xué)和生物學(xué)一度模仿類似的做法并且只有當(dāng)它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發(fā)展。行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來(lái)解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3.單選題

Theband______andwerebeginningtothrowtheirinstrumentdown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokedown

B.brokeoff

C.brokerank

D.brokeout

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)brokedown“（關(guān)系的）破裂”；B選項(xiàng)brokeoff“（折斷）脫落；突然停止”；C選項(xiàng)brokerank“打破等級(jí)”；D選項(xiàng)brokeout“爆發(fā)”。句意：樂(lè)隊(duì)鬧翻解體，開(kāi)始扔掉樂(lè)器。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，樂(lè)隊(duì)中的成員扔掉樂(lè)器，停止彈奏音樂(lè)，是因?yàn)槌蓡T之間關(guān)系破裂，A選項(xiàng)brokedown“（關(guān)系的）破裂”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

1.NaggingconcernsabouttheglobaleconomicdownturnandrisingunemploymentareforcingmanyyoungBritonstothinktwiceabouttyingtheknotthisyear,athink-tanksaidonSaturday.

Almost80percentofyoungBritishcoupleslivingtogetherwanttogetmarried,thethinktankCivitassaid,butwouldreconsidertheirweddingplansduetoincreasingjoblossesascompaniescutcostsandlayoffworkers.

2.“Astherecessionbitesit’sgoingtobeharderforpartnerstomakethatcommitment—withoutfinancialstabilityandjobstheywon’thavetheconfidencetosay‘Ido’,”thedirectoroffamilyandeducationatCivitas,said.

Thestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostThestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostimportantreasontogetmarried,andonlytwopercentconsideredmarriagefortaxadvantages.

“Ifmyboyfriendaskedmenow,thenIwouldstillsay‘yes’,butIwouldn’twastemymoneyforahigh-profilewedding,”JennyBrown,anemployeeworksinLondon’scentralfinancialdistrict.

ButDeWaalsaidtherecessionwouldhaveaseriousimpactonplanningalifetogether.

“Thisisnotaboutbeingabletoaffordafancyweddingdressfor10,000poundsornot.”

3.ABritishSocialAttitudessurveyinJanuaryfoundthatyoungpeopleshowedalesstraditionalattitudetowardsmarriageandwouldputtheircareersfirst.

About40percentofpeopleagedbetween18to34saidmarriagewasstillthe“bestkindofrelationship,”comparedwith84percentofpeopleaged65andover,itsaid.

【答案】1.英國(guó)一家智庫(kù)機(jī)構(gòu)上周六稱，對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂和不斷上升的失業(yè)率讓英國(guó)很多年輕人不得不重新考慮結(jié)婚計(jì)劃。

2.Civitas家庭和教育事務(wù)主管阿納斯塔西婭?德瓦爾說(shuō)：“受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的影響，下決心結(jié)婚也將變得更加困難，沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定的收入和工作，人們沒(méi)有信心說(shuō)‘我愿意’”。

3.今年1月開(kāi)展的一項(xiàng)“英國(guó)社會(huì)態(tài)度”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人對(duì)婚姻的態(tài)度已經(jīng)不那么傳統(tǒng)了，他們傾向于將職業(yè)發(fā)展放在首位。

5.單選題

Numerousstudiesshowthatthebenefitsoflearninganotherlanguageincludegreatermentalflexibility,creativity,divergentthinkingandhigher-orderthinkingskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.specialized

C.convergent

D.independent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。divergent在句中是“分散的，不同的”，A選項(xiàng)different“不同的”；B選項(xiàng)specialized“專門(mén)的”；C選項(xiàng)convergent“匯聚的”；D選項(xiàng)independent“獨(dú)立的”。句意：大量研究表明，學(xué)習(xí)另一種語(yǔ)言的好處包括更大的思維靈活性、創(chuàng)造性、發(fā)散性思維和高階思維能力。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

（

）mylossesintradethisyear,yoursarenothing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Comparingwith

B.Comparedwith

C.Tocomparewith

D.Comparewith

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)用法。句意：和我今年的損失比起來(lái)你，你的不算什么。這里因?yàn)闆](méi)有連詞不能連接兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選項(xiàng)D排除。主句的主語(yǔ)是yours（你的損失），這個(gè)主語(yǔ)不是人不能夠主動(dòng)去做compare“比較”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此排除A、C，答案選B。

7.單選題

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他們的志向是什么，幾乎在所有事情上都會(huì)做得更好。”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)時(shí)間點(diǎn)“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越來(lái)越多的研究表明，我們對(duì)相貌平平的偏見(jiàn)比以往任何時(shí)候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力決定一切?！边x項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)C相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B和D來(lái)說(shuō)更加準(zhǔn)確，因此本題選C。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新聞周刊》調(diào)查了202名企業(yè)人事部經(jīng)理，從人力資源的員工到高級(jí)副總裁，以及964名公眾，只是為了確認(rèn)不合格員工想要承認(rèn)的事情：從招聘到辦公室爭(zhēng)斗再到晉升，實(shí)際上，看上去不錯(cuò)不再是我們認(rèn)為無(wú)價(jià)值的或者無(wú)用的而不予考慮?！边x項(xiàng)A和B在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D明顯錯(cuò)誤；所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的職業(yè)女性已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了“平等”：她們?cè)趧趧?dòng)力中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)；她們是家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱；她們因?yàn)椴坏貌活嵏残詣e而畏畏縮縮，不管是在會(huì)議室還是在海灘上?！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，她們是不愿意顛覆自己的性別的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她們被認(rèn)為太女性化、不夠聰明、不夠能干——不僅是男性，她們的女性同齡人也這么認(rèn)為?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

8.單選題

Humansareuniquelysmartamongalltheotherspeciesontheplanet.Wearecapableofoutstandingfeatsoftechnologyandengineering.Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?WhenPrimatePsychologistLaurieSantosformtheComparativeCognitionLabatYaleUniversityposedthisquestiontoherteam,theywerethinkinginparticularoftheerrorsofjudgmentwhichledtotherecentcollapseofthefinancialmarkets.Santoscametotwopossibleanswerstothisquestion.Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions.

Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys.Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn.However,theyarenotinfluencedbyanyofthetechnologicalorculturalenvironmentswhichaffecthumandecision-making.TheteamwantedtotestwhethertheCapuchinmonkeys,whenputintosimilarsituationsashumans,wouldmakethesamemistakes.

Ofparticularinteresttothescientistswaswhethermonkeyswouldmakethesamemistakeswhenmakingfinancialdecisions.Inordertofindout,theyhadtointroducethemoneystomoney.Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques,weresoonabletodistinguish“bargains”—Ifoneteam—memberofferedtwograpesinexchangeforametaldiscandanotherteam-memberofferedonegrape,themonkeyschosethetwo-grapeoption.Interestingly,whenthedateaboutthemonkey’spurchasingstrategieswascomparedwitheconomist’sdataonhumanbehaviour,therewasasperfectmatch.

So,afterestablishingthatthemonkeymarketwasoperatingeffectively,theteamdecidedtointroducesomeproblemswhichhumansgenerallygetwrong.Oneoftheseissuesisrisk-taking.Imaginethatsomeonegaveyou$1000.Inadditiontothis$1000,youcanreceiveeitherA）anadditional$500orB）someonetossesacoinandifitlands“heads”youreceiveanadditional$1000,butifitlands“tails”youreceivenomoremoney.Oftheseoptions,mostpeopletendtochooseoptionA.Theypreferguaranteedearnings,ratherthanrunningtheriskofreceivingnothing.Nowimagineasecondsituationinwhichyouaregiven$2000.Now,youcanchoosetoeitherA）lose$500,leavingyouwithatotalof$1500,orB）tossacoin;ifitland“heads”youlosenothing,butifitlands“tails”youlose$1000,leavingyouwithonly$1000.Interestingly,whenwestandtolosemoney,wetendtochoosethemoreriskychoice,optionB.Andasweknowfromtheexperienceoffinancialinvestorsandgamblers,itisunwisetotakeriskswhenweareonalosingstreak.

Sowouldthemonkeysmakethesamebasicerrorofjudgment?Theteamputthemtothetestbygivingthemsimilaroptions.Inthefirsttest,monkeyshadtheoptionofexchangingtheirdiscforonegrapeandreceivingonebonusgrape,orexchangingthegrapeforonegrapeandsometimesreceivingtwobonusgrapesandsometimesreceivingnobonus.Itturnedoutthatmonkeys,likehuman,chosethelessriskyoptionintimesofplenty.Thentheexperimentwasreversed.Monkeyswereofferedtheregrapes,butinoptionAwereonlyactuallygiventwograpes.InoptionB,theyhadafifty-fiftychanceofreceivingallthreegrapesoronegrapeonly.Theresultswerethatmonkeys,likehumans,takemorerisksintimesofloss.

Theimplicationsofthisexperimentarethatbecausemonkeysmakethesameirrationaljudgementsthathumansdo,maybehumanerrorisnotaresultofthecomplexityofourfinancialinstitutions,butisimbeddedinourevolutionaryhistory.Itthisisthecase,ourerrorsofjudgementwillbeverydifficulttoovercome.Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.Byrecognisingthem,wecandesigntechnologieswhichwillhelpustomakebetterchoicesinfuture.

1.Whatwastheaimoftheexperimentoutlinedabove?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthebestparaphraseofthehighlightedsentence?Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.

3.Thewords“cottonedon“areclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.Whichparagraphaddresseswhymoneyswerechosenfortheexperiment?

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLaurieSantos?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toinvestigatewhethermonkeyscouldlearntousemoney.

B.Toinvestigatewherehumanmistakescomefrom.

C.Tofindoutwhetheritisbettertotakerisksintimesofloss.

D.Todeterminewhethermonkeysmakemoremistakesthanhumans.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hopefully,humanswillsoonbeabletosolvetheseproblems.

B.Fortunately,humanscansolveproblemsthatweknowabout.

C.Luckily,humansdonothavemanylimitationswhichhavebeenidentified.

D.Wearehappytonotethatwecansolvetheproblemwhichwehaveidentified.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.learnt

B.knew

C.completed

D.concluded

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Paragraph2

B.Paragraph3

C.Paragraph4

D.Paragraph5

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Shethinksthatbothhumansandmonkeysaregreedy.

B.Herjobfrequentlyinvolvesworkingwithmonkeys.

C.Shebelievesthathumansshouldnevertakerisks.

D.Sheprefersmonkeystohumans.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一、二段“Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?”為什么我們?nèi)绱巳菀追稿e(cuò)誤？為什么我們會(huì)一次又一次地犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤？“Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions”，要么是人類設(shè)計(jì)的環(huán)境過(guò)于復(fù)雜以至于我們無(wú)法完全理解，要么是我們?cè)谏砩先菀鬃龀鲥e(cuò)誤的決定。第二段“Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys”，為了驗(yàn)證這些理論，研究小組選擇了一組棕色卷尾猴來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“為了研究猴子是否能學(xué)會(huì)用錢(qián)”，選項(xiàng)C“為了弄清楚在有損失的時(shí)候冒險(xiǎn)是否更好”，選項(xiàng)D“為了確定猴子是否比人類犯更多的錯(cuò)誤”均與文章不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem”，然而，從更樂(lè)觀的角度來(lái)看，一旦我們確定了局限性，人類就完全有能力克服它們。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“希望人類不久就能解決這些問(wèn)題”，選項(xiàng)B“幸運(yùn)的是，人類能夠解決我們所知道的問(wèn)題”，選項(xiàng)D“我們很高興地注意到，我們可以解決我們所確定的問(wèn)題”均與文章不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques”，猴子們很快就適應(yīng)了，并且也學(xué)會(huì)了簡(jiǎn)單的交流技巧。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“了解，知道”，選項(xiàng)C“完成”，選項(xiàng)D“包含”都與題干不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn”，猴子被選為測(cè)試對(duì)象，因?yàn)樗鼈兪侨祟惖倪h(yuǎn)親，它們是聰明的，并且有學(xué)習(xí)的能力。由此可知，題干所表述的“哪一段提到為什么選擇猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)?”應(yīng)為第二段，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可知，這題需要對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)。文章講述為了查出人類為什么易于犯錯(cuò)，以及易于犯同樣錯(cuò)誤的原因，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)找來(lái)了一群猴子做實(shí)驗(yàn)，而實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明，猴子也會(huì)做出與人類同樣的選擇，并且在做選擇時(shí)受到一定外部條件的限制。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“她認(rèn)為人類和猴子都是貪婪的”，選項(xiàng)B“她的工作經(jīng)常與猴子打交道”，選項(xiàng)D“與人類相比，她更喜歡猴子”文章均未提及，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Frostbittenfingersandtoesshouldbetreatedwithlukewarmwater.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.frigid

B.tepid

C.boiling

D.steamy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lukewarm意為“微溫的，溫和的，不熱情的”；frigid意為“寒冷的，嚴(yán)寒的”；tepid意為“不冷不熱的，微溫的，不熱情的”；boiling意為“熾熱的，沸騰的，激昂的”；steamy意為“蒸汽的，充滿水汽的”。

句意：凍傷的手指和腳趾應(yīng)該用溫水處理。

10.單選題

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)species“物種”；B選項(xiàng)specimen“樣品，標(biāo)本”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜”；D選項(xiàng)sample“樣本”。句意：游客說(shuō)這種動(dòng)物是他以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的物種。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Inthepast,zooswerelittlemorethan“shelfdisplays”ofanimalsfromthewild.Todayzoos—atleastthebestofthem―trytorecreatethewildfortheanimals.Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.

PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.Boththestressofcaptivityandtheanimal’sneedforexerciseandmovementaretakenintoaccountbyenlightenedzoomanagement;enclosureshaveprivateareaswheretheanimalscanretreatfromtheviewofspectators,andplentyofroomisprovidedfortheanimalstoclimb,swingandroam.Inaddition,greateremphasisisbeingplacedonresearchandpreventivehealthcare.

Perhapstheareaofgreatestconcernforzoosnowiswildlifepreservation.Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.

Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.RatherthanrelyingonaNoah’sArkapproach(twoofeverything),manyzoosnowkeeplargerstocksofeachspeciesandloantheiranimalstoeachotherforbreedingpurposes.

Breedingwildanimalsincaptivityhasnotbeenaneasyundertaking.Findingtherightmateforananimalissometimesdifficult,andtherelativelyforeignenvironmentputsstressonanimalsinwaysthathaveyettobefullyexploredandunderstood.Zoosdoknowthatmaintainingananimal’shealthisacriticalfactorinbreeding.Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.Pregnantfemalesarecloselymonitored,andeveryprecautionistakentoensureasuccessfulbirth.

Zoosmaystillhavesomeproblemstosolve,buttheyhavecomealongway.Notonlyaretheyplacestoobserveandlearnaboutanimalsthatwemightotherwiseneversee,buttheymayalsobeamongthelastrefugesforcreatureswhosesurvivalisconstantlythreatened.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheenvironmentinagoodzoonow?

2.Whatmajorrolesaremodernzoosplaying?

3.Fromthezooproponents’argumentsfewlearnthat（

）.

4.Whatisofgreathelpinmultiplyinganimalspeciesaccordingtothepassage?

5.Zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicuresforanimalstoensure（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Spaciousandcivilized

B.Roomyandnatural

C.Shadyandstony

D.Enlightenedandsafe

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Entertainingandeducatingvisitors

B.Educatingandprotectingpeople

C.Educatingpeopleandkeepinganimalspeciesfromextinction

D.Breedinganimalsandlendingthemtoothers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.civilizationshouldbeabandonedinordertosavewildanimals

B.zoosarethreateninganimalwithextinction

C.althoughzoosoncemadecontributiontosavinganimalsfromthedangerofextinction,nowtheydonotpreserveendangeredspecies

D.Whilesomepeoplethreatenwildanimalsbyhunting,zoosarenowprotectingthemfromthedangerofextinction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toexchangeanimalsamongthezoos

B.Toputanimalsintolargercages

C.Tohuntanimalsfromwildpreserve

D.Tofeedanimalsincaptivitybeforesendingthembacktonature

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.goodhealth

B.thattheyaretallandstrong

C.thattheyarekeptintopcages

D.anidealenvironment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以描述一個(gè)好的動(dòng)物園的環(huán)境。A選項(xiàng)“寬敞、文明”；B選項(xiàng)“寬敞、自然”；C選項(xiàng)“陰涼、多石”；D選項(xiàng)“富有啟迪性以及安全的”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句話Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.（小籠子讓位給寬敞的圍欄，里面的植物、巖石、樹(shù)木和水模擬了動(dòng)物的自然環(huán)境）從這句可以看出答案選B；A選項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及，所以不選；C選項(xiàng)定位到第二段第二句話，雖然有提到樹(shù)蔭和石頭但是不是本句重點(diǎn)也不能全部概括當(dāng)代動(dòng)物園的特點(diǎn)，這里屬于以偏概全，所以不選；D選項(xiàng)定位到第二段第一句PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和動(dòng)物物種保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)較好的動(dòng)物園的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。），沒(méi)有講到當(dāng)代動(dòng)物園的特點(diǎn)，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤，所以D選項(xiàng)不能選。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物園扮演什么重要的角色。A選項(xiàng)“娛樂(lè)和教育游客”；B選項(xiàng)“教育和保護(hù)人們”；C選項(xiàng)“教育人們，保護(hù)動(dòng)物物種免于滅絕”；D選項(xiàng)“飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，并把它們借給他人”。第二段第一句話PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和動(dòng)物物種保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)較好的動(dòng)物園的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)）由此可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，是保護(hù)動(dòng)物而不是保護(hù)人類；C選項(xiàng)正確；A選項(xiàng)定位到第一段最后一句話Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.（照顧動(dòng)物和吸引、娛樂(lè)游客一樣重要），這里講的是動(dòng)物園想要達(dá)到的目的，而不是動(dòng)物園在公眾面前所起到的作用，屬于出處錯(cuò)誤，所以A選項(xiàng)不選；D選項(xiàng)定位到第四段第一、二句Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（雖然動(dòng)物園仍然偶爾從世界各地進(jìn)口野生動(dòng)物放在籠子里，但他們正在越來(lái)越多地尋找其他動(dòng)物園和圈養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的來(lái)源，以獲得更多的動(dòng)物。），這里不能回答題干所問(wèn)的問(wèn)題屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干：從動(dòng)物園支持者的觀點(diǎn)中，很少有人知道什么？A選項(xiàng)“為了拯救野生動(dòng)物，文明應(yīng)該被拋棄”；B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物園正威脅著動(dòng)物的滅絕”；C選項(xiàng)“雖然動(dòng)物園曾經(jīng)為拯救瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物作出了貢獻(xiàn)，但現(xiàn)在它們不保護(hù)瀕危物種”；D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一些人通過(guò)狩獵威脅野生動(dòng)物時(shí)，動(dòng)物園正在保護(hù)它們免于滅絕的危險(xiǎn)”。定位到第三段第二句Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.（動(dòng)物園的支持者認(rèn)為，文明的入侵正在迅速摧毀野生動(dòng)物僅存的自然棲息地），由這里可知支持者認(rèn)為因?yàn)槲拿鞯娜肭謱?dǎo)致野生動(dòng)物的棲息地減少?gòu)亩{野生動(dòng)物的生存，所以暗含著保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物就應(yīng)該拋棄文明的意味，所以答案選A。

B選項(xiàng)定位到第三段最后一句Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.（盡管動(dòng)物園曾經(jīng)不斷地在籠子里放養(yǎng)被捕獲的動(dòng)物，造成了野生動(dòng)物面臨滅絕的威脅，但它們現(xiàn)在重新定義了自己作為瀕危物種保護(hù)者的角色），從這里可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是保護(hù)者的角色就不會(huì)威脅動(dòng)物的生存，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)定位到第三段第三句Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.（在一些國(guó)家，對(duì)毛皮、象牙和羽毛的捕獵十分盛行，這使動(dòng)物進(jìn)一步處于危險(xiǎn)之中），從這里可知不是偷獵導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物瀕危，而是偷獵進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物數(shù)量減少，所以不選。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段第一句話theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（他們正在越來(lái)越多地關(guān)注其他動(dòng)物園和圈養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，以獲得更多的動(dòng)物），所以選A選項(xiàng)“在動(dòng)物園之間交換動(dòng)物”；

B選項(xiàng)“把動(dòng)物放進(jìn)更大的籠子里”，根據(jù)46題雖然有提到給動(dòng)物提供更大的空間但是這不能讓動(dòng)物數(shù)量增加，這里屬于反向干擾，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；

C選項(xiàng)“從野生保護(hù)區(qū)獵捕動(dòng)物”，文中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“在將動(dòng)物送回大自然之前給它們喂食”，文中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

題干：根據(jù)文章，什么對(duì)動(dòng)物物種的繁殖有很大的幫助？A選項(xiàng)“在動(dòng)物園之間交換動(dòng)物”。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.（因此，動(dòng)物園提供從牙科到足療的一切服務(wù)，以保持動(dòng)物的最佳狀態(tài)），這里intopshape固定搭配“保持健康”的意思，答案選A；

B選項(xiàng)shape不是體態(tài)的意思，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；

C、D屬于出處錯(cuò)誤，文中有提到籠子和生活環(huán)境這些不是動(dòng)物園做動(dòng)物身體護(hù)理的目的。

12.單選題

Atlastsheleftherhouseandhurriedtotheairportonly______theplaneflyingaway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.saw

B.seen

C.seeing

D.tosee

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：最后她離開(kāi)了家，匆忙趕往機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻只看見(jiàn)飛機(jī)飛走了。only+現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）和only+不定式（短語(yǔ)）都可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，跟現(xiàn)在分詞往往表示一種自然的合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，而跟不定式往往表示一種出乎意料的或令人失望的結(jié)果，僅限于少數(shù)終止性動(dòng)詞，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，匆忙趕往機(jī)場(chǎng)卻未能如愿登機(jī)，是令人失望的結(jié)果，D選項(xiàng)tosee符合題意。A選項(xiàng)saw是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)seen是過(guò)去分詞，不單獨(dú)使用；C選項(xiàng)onlyseeing表示合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情況，不符合語(yǔ)境。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thataregatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

1.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorprobablyfavors（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatin