英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 13 動(dòng)詞-ing課件

----ingParticipleThe“–ingparticiple”isusedtoincludeboththetraditional“presentparticiple”andthe“gerund”.Collocationof–ingparticiplewithverbsThissectionisconcernedwithtwocollocations:“verb+--ingform”and“verb+object+preposition+--ingform”.1.1verb+--ingform1.２verb+object+preposition+--ingformverb+--ingformThereareverbsthatcanonlybefollowedbyan–ingformratherthananinfinitiveasobject.Theseverbsinclude:verb+--ingformSomeoftheverbslistedabovesuchasadmit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,canalsotakeacorrespondingthat–clauseasobject.verb+object+preposition+--ingformThereareverbsthatcannotbediestlyfollowedbyan–ingformunlessitisinterruptedbyanobjectandapreposition.Theseverbsincludetrick,mislead,shame,surprise,trap,stop,prevent,restrain,hinder,save,etc,andtheprepositionscommonlyusedinthiscollocationareintoandfrom.verb+object+preposition+--ingforme.g.Asailorsavedhimfromdrowning.Insomeofthesecollocationssuchas“prevent/stopsomebodyfromdoingsomething”,theprepositionfromcanbeomitted,exceptthatthefiniteverboccursinthepassive.Wemustpreventthetroublespreading.Similarcollocationssuchas“thanksb.fordoingsth.,congratulatesb.ondoingsth.andsoon.Verbsfollowedeitherbyinfinitiveorby---ingparticiple

Thereareverbsthatbefollowedeitherbyan-ingformorbyaninfinitive.Withsomeofthesevers,thechoicebetweenthetwomakesnodifferenceinmeaning;withothers,however,differentchoicesresultindifferentinterpretations.Eitherinfinitiveor-ingparticiplewithoutchangeofmeaningVerbsfollowedeitherbyinfinitiveorby---ingparticiple

a)Afterprocessverbssuchasbegin,cease,continue,startandemotiveverbssuchascan’tbear,deserve,dread,hateintend,like,loathe,love,need,neglect,omit,plan,prefer,require,theinfinitiveiscommonlyused,omit,plan,prefer,require,theinfinitiveiscommonlyusedtorefertoaspecificactwhilethe-ingparticipleisusedistorefertoageneralact,

Verbsfollowedeitherbyinfinitiveorby---ingparticiple

b)Afterneed,want,require,desire,anactive–ingformcanbeusedtodenoteapassivemeaningwhichcanalsobeexpressedbyapassiveinfinitive.e.g.Thisletterneedstobesignedbythemanager.Thisletterneedssigningbythemanager.Verbsfollowedeitherbyinfinitiveorby---ingparticiple

Whenbegin/startisintheprogressive,itisalsoaninfiitive,notan–ingformthatisnormallyused.e.g.It’sbeginningtorain.I’mstartingtoworkonmyessaynextweek.Eitherinfinitiveor–ingformwithdifferentmeaningsTheverbsthatadmitofeitherofaninfinitiveoran-ingformwithdifferentmerningsfallsintofivesub-classes:a)Afterrememberandforget,infinitivereferstoasecondactthatfollowsthefirst,andthe-ingparticipletoapreviousvenet,eg:Eitherinfinitiveor–ingformwithdifferentmeaningsCan’tyouremembertellingmethestorylastnight?=Youtoldmethestorylastnight.Can’tyourememberit?Youmusttellhimallthat.=Youmusttellhimallthat.Don’tfogetit.Eitherinfinitiveor–ingformwithdifferentmeaningsTheuseofregretalsopresentssuchacontrast:IregrettellingyouthatJohnstoleit.=IregretthatItoldyou.IregrettotellyouthatJohnstoleit.=I’msorrytotellyou.But“Iregrettellingyou…”canalsobeinterpretedas:IregretthatIamtellingyou…Eitherinfinitiveor–ingformwithdifferentmeaningsb)Afterstop,leaveoff,goon,

goonwith,goonto,the–ingparticiplefunctionsasobject,whiletheinfinitiveasadverbialofpurpose.TheystoppedwatchingTVat8:00.TheystoppedtowatchTVat8:00.Eitherinfinitiveor–ingformwithdifferentmeaningsd)Afteragree,decide,thereisachoicebetweentheinfinitiveand“preposition+-ing”Theyagreedtosharetheapples.Theyagreedonsharingtheapples.Eitherinfinitiveor–ingformwithdifferentmeaningse)Afterencourage,permit,allow,recommend,advise,authorize,eitherthe-ingparticipleortheinfinitivewithanexpressedlogicalsubjectcanbeused.Shedoesn’tallowsmokinghere.Shedoesn’tallowustosmokehere.Thelogicalsubjecte.g.Idon’tmindJohnsmovingtoanotherhouse.Idon’tmindhismovingtothenewhouse.ThelogicalsubjectIfthe–ingparticiplehasalogicalsubjectofitsown,itmustbeexpressedonewayoranother.Thelogicalsubjectofthe–ingparticiplemaybeanounoragenitivenoun;itmayalsoberealizedbyapronouninobjectivecaseorbyapossessivedeterminer.Butincolloquialspeech,acommomcasenounoranobjectivepronounisfrequentlyfavoured.

Thelogicalsubject３、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)用名詞所有格表示，置于動(dòng)名詞之前。WhatwefeltuneasywasXiaoLin’shavingtoomuchconfidenceinherself.TheyallthoughtLaoChang’sgoingthereagreatmistake.Thelogicalsubject４、如果動(dòng)名詞不在句子開頭，邏輯主語(yǔ)可用名詞通格、人稱代詞賓格。Idon’tmindXiaoLin(him)going.IsthereanyhopeofXiaoLinwinningthechampionship.Thelogicalsubject５、如果動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的東西，只用普通格，不用所有格。Weareallafraidoftheclassfallingbehindothers.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)１、當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，通常用被動(dòng)形式Hisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtouneasiness.Hewasunconsciousforquitealongtimeafterbeingadmittedtohospital.２、下列動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思Wantrequireneeddeservebeworthworth的用法

worth,worthy,worthwhile都是形容詞，意為"值得"。1.worth：beworth+n.當(dāng)名詞為金錢時(shí)，表示"……值得……"常見的有It’sworthwhiletodo./It’sworth（someone’s）whiledoingbeworthdoingsth."……某事值得被做"Thequestionisnotworthdiscussingagainandagain.這問題不值得反復(fù)討論。worth的用法

2.worthy：beworthyof+n.當(dāng)名詞為抽象名詞時(shí)表示"……值得……"beworthytobedone"某事值得被做"Thequestionisnotworthytobediscussedagainandagain.worth的用法

3.worthwhile：beworthwhiletodosth"值得做某事"Itisworthwhiletoaskhimtojointheclub.值得邀請(qǐng)他加入俱樂部。典型例題Itisnot____todiscussthequestionagainandagain.A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthwhile答案C.由worth的用法可知，此句只適合詞組beworthwhiletodosth.。選C。stopdoing/todo

stoptodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事，stopdoing停止做某事。例如：Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他們停下來(lái)，抽了根煙。Imuststopsmoking.我必須戒煙了。stopdoing/todo

典型例題Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來(lái)在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stoptodosth.停下來(lái)去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以stopdoingsth.不正確。forgetdoing/todo

forgettodo忘記要去做某事，forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事。例如：Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。（沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）forgetdoing/todo

典型例題----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh，Iforgot___.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。rememberdoing/todo

remembertodo記得去做某事，rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事。例如：Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不記得以前見過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?regretdoing/todoregrettodo對(duì)將要做的事遺憾，regretdoing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。例如：Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒有辦法。Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。ceasedoing/todo

ceasetodo長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事，ceasedoing短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。例如：Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那個(gè)系已不復(fù)存在。Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘們?cè)诶蠋熥哌^(guò)時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。

trydoing/todotrytodo努力，企圖做某事，trydoing試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。例如：Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。Itriedgardeningbutdidn'tsucceed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。

goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事，goondoing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。例如：Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.作完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)beafraiddoing/todobeafraidtodo不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為"怕"，beafraidofdoing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。doing是客觀上造成的，意為"生怕，恐怕"。例如：Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.她生怕被蛇咬著，不敢在草叢中再走一步。Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。beinteresteddoing/todointerestedtodo對(duì)做某事感興趣，想了解某事，interestedindoing對(duì)某種想法感興趣，doing通常為想法。例如：Ishallbeinterestedtoknowwhathappens.我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。（想了解）I'minterestedinworkinginSwitzerland.Doyouhaveanyideaaboutthat?我對(duì)在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過(guò)這事嗎?（一種想法）meantodoing/todomeantodo打算、想，meandoing意味著。例如：Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.增加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買力。begin（start）doing/todo

begin/starttodosth/begin/startdoingsth.1）談及一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)或開始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)