教程電子商務(wù)-2015chapter p

Innovative

EC

Systems:

From

E- ernment

toE-Learning,

Collaborative

Commerce,

and

C2C

CommerceLearning

ObjectivesDescribe

various

e- ernment

initiatives.Describe

e- ernment

activities

andimplementation

issues

including

e- ernment

2.0and

m-

ernment.Describe

e-learning,

virtual

universities,

and

e-training.Describe

e-books

and

their

readers.5-15-2Learning

Objectivesmerce.Describe

knowledge

management

and

disseminationas

an

e-business.Describe

and

discuss

online

advisory

systems.Describe

collaborativeDescribe

collaboration2.0.Describe

C2C

activities

inmerce.E-

er

t:r

ie-

ernmentmerce

model

in

which

aernment

entity

buysor

provides

goods,

services,

or

information

tobusinesses

or

individual

citizens，促進(jìn)電子政務(wù)就是幫助提高機(jī)構(gòu)之間以及工作效率，增加

信息的與公民、企業(yè)的交往。5-3E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E- ernment

category

that

includes

all

theinteractions

between

a ernment

and

its

citizensE- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E- ernment:

AnOv

r

i

wernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E-

er

t:rernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E-

er

t:r

iernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E-

er

t:r

iernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E-

er

t:

r

iernment-to-business

(G2B)E- ernment

category

that

includes

interactionsbetween ernments

and

businesses

(

ernmentselling

to

businesses

and

providing

them

with

servicesand

businesses

selling

products

and

services

to

theernment)ernment

E-ProcurementGroup

Purchasingauction5-14E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to- ernment

(G2G)E- ernment

category

that

includes

activities

withinernment

units

and

those

between

ernmentsE-rnt:r

i

wernment-to-ernment

(G2G)E-

erernment-to-t:

r

iernment

(G2G)E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to- ernment

(G2G)E-rnment:AnOv

r

i

wernment-to- ernment

(G2G)E-

erernment-to-t:

r

iernment

(G2G)E-

er

t:

r

iernment-to-employees

(G2E)E- ernment

category

that

includes

activities

andservices

between ernment

units

and

theiremployees5-22E-

er

t:

r

iernment-to-employees

(G2E)E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to-employees

(G2E)E-

ert:r

iernment

2.0How ernment

makes

use

of

Web

2.0

technologiesto

interact

with

citizens

and

provide

ernmentservices2.0是在web2.0相關(guān) 的基礎(chǔ)上， 、以服務(wù)

的管理創(chuàng)新模式，其基本特征是開(kāi)放（開(kāi)放的平臺(tái)，開(kāi)放的數(shù)據(jù)）、參與、協(xié)作。

2.0不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的電子

或者網(wǎng)上

，而是一個(gè)整體、開(kāi)放的平臺(tái)，一個(gè) 、市場(chǎng)以及社會(huì)共同參與、溝通、互動(dòng)、協(xié)同的平臺(tái)，象征著在執(zhí)行上的一個(gè)根本性轉(zhuǎn)變，從條塊分割、封閉的架構(gòu)邁向一個(gè)開(kāi)放、協(xié)同、合作的架構(gòu)。5-25E-

er

t:r

imobile ernment

(m-ernment)The

wireless

implementation

of

e- ernment

mostlyto

citizens

but

also

to

businesses5-26mobileernm nt

(m-ernm

nt)mobileernment

(m-ernment)mobileernment

(m-ernment)mobileernment

(m-ernm

nt)5-31E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-Bookse-learningThe

online

delivery

of

information

for

purposes

ofeducation,

training,

or

knowledge

management5-32E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-Booksdistance

learningFormal

education

that

takes

place

off

campus,

usually,but

not

always,

through

online

resources離開(kāi)高校校園，在家接受正規(guī)教育virtual

universityAn

online

university

from

which

students

take

classesfrom

home

or

other

offsi ocations,

usually

via

theInternet5-36E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-BooksOnline

corporate

training思科向員工提供

培訓(xùn)的機(jī)會(huì)IBM利用

學(xué)校向員工或客戶提供培訓(xùn)social

learningLearning,

training,

and

knowledge

sharing

in

socialnetworks

and

by

using

social

software

tools

forlearning5-37E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-BooksLearning

in

virtual

worldslearning

on-demandLearning

provided

to

an

employee

while

the

work

is

beingdone

(in

terms

of

troubleshooting

or

performance

support)In

a

learning

on-demand

environment,

courses,

references,help

files, s,

Webcasts,

audios, s,

books,

andpresentations

are

all

made

available

when

and

where

a

workerneeds

them.5-385-39E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-Bookselectronic

book

(e-book)A

book

in

digital

form

that

can

be

read

on

a

computerscreen

or

on

a

special

deviceDevices

for

Reading

E-BooksAdvantages

and

Limitations

of

E-Books5-40Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

Commerceknowledge

management

(KM)The

process

of

capturing

or

creating

knowledge,

storing

it,updating

it

constantly,

disseminating

it,

and

usingitwhenever

necessaryOrganizational

knowledge

is

embeded

in

thefollowing

resourcesHuman

capital:

employee

petencies,andcreativityOrganizational

capital:

organizational

structure,

culture,processes,

patents,

and

the

capability

to

leverage

knowledgethrough

sharing

and

transferring;Customer

capital:

relationship

between

organizations

andtheir

customers

and

other

partners.Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

CommerceKM

TYPES

AND

ACTIVITIESCreate

knowledgeCapture

knowledgeRefine

knowledgeStore

knowledgeManage

knowledgeDisseminate

knowledge5-42Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

CommerceKnowledge

sharingSoftware

Tools

for

Knowledge

Sharing協(xié)同商務(wù)工具系統(tǒng)知識(shí)管理系統(tǒng)Web2.0工具KM

and

social

networks(crowdsourcing)信息和知識(shí)創(chuàng)造的一個(gè)重要場(chǎng)所是眾包，人們將在網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)創(chuàng)造信息和知識(shí)的過(guò)程稱為眾包。這種社區(qū)的功能有Knowledge

creationKnowledge

sharing5-43案例IBM采用的方式是兩年一次的InnovationJam（即興創(chuàng)新大

）。在頭三天的時(shí)間里，針對(duì)設(shè)定好的議題展開(kāi) 頭腦風(fēng)暴 會(huì)。這些創(chuàng)意點(diǎn)子，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，如接龍般不斷被

、延伸，完全不需要休息時(shí)間，因?yàn)楫?dāng)

進(jìn)入黑夜時(shí)，亞洲已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備迎接白天。在2008年10月份的InnovationJam上，有5.5萬(wàn)名IBM員工參加，還有5000名特別邀請(qǐng)的客戶和員工家屬參加，以共同尋求新的創(chuàng)意和解決方案?；顒?dòng)結(jié)束后，IBM的

小組會(huì)接手 結(jié)果，從中挑選出那些數(shù)最多的創(chuàng)新方案，把一些已經(jīng)被商業(yè)化，或離現(xiàn)有技術(shù)太遠(yuǎn)的想法都剔除掉。然而進(jìn)入InnovationJam的第二階段，這次的

更聚焦于可行性分析。最后，從中選出10個(gè)最優(yōu)想法，IBM則投資1億支撐這10個(gè)想法的執(zhí)行，而這10個(gè)想法也正是IBM未來(lái)要發(fā)展的10項(xiàng)新商業(yè)計(jì)劃，比如智能醫(yī)療支付系統(tǒng)、智能基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)、整合大眾交通信息系統(tǒng)、數(shù)字化的我、3D互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等，其中有的計(jì)劃已經(jīng)融入到IBM目前大力提倡的

理念——“智慧的地球”中了。Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

CommerceOnline

advice

and

consultingMedical

adviceManagement

consultingLegal

adviceExpert

adviceFinancial

adviceSocial

networks（社交 上的問(wèn)答專欄）Other

advisory

services5-45Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

Commerce網(wǎng)絡(luò)

系統(tǒng)及

搜索

意見(jiàn)automated

question/answer(QA)system（網(wǎng)上自動(dòng)回答系統(tǒng)）A

system

that

locates,

extracts,

and

provides

specificanswers

to

user

questions

expressed

in

natural

languageLive

Chat

with

Experts（與

的實(shí)時(shí)交流）5-46Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

Commerceexpert

location

systems

(ELS，

識(shí)別系統(tǒng)）Interactive

computerizedsystems

that

help

employeesfind

and

connect

with

colleagues

who

have

expertiserequired

for

specific

problems—whether

they

areacross

the

country

or

across

the

room—in

order

tosolve

specific,

critical

business

problems

in

secondsSeeking

Expertise

in

Social

Networks5-475-485-49Collaborative

Commercecollaborative

commerce

(

merce)The

use

of

digital

technologies

that

enable

companiesto

collaboratively

plan,

design,

develop,

manage,

andresearch

products,

services,

and

innovative

ECapplications利用數(shù)字化技術(shù)，使公司實(shí)現(xiàn)協(xié)同計(jì)劃、協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)與開(kāi)發(fā)、協(xié)同管理，以及協(xié)同進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品研究、服務(wù)和創(chuàng)新的電子商務(wù)應(yīng)用。協(xié)同商務(wù)意味著通過(guò)特殊設(shè)計(jì)的電子商務(wù)工具，以電子方式進(jìn)行通信、共享信息和協(xié)同計(jì)劃Collaborative

Commerce協(xié)同商務(wù)具體體現(xiàn)在以下五個(gè)方面：信息協(xié)同；產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)協(xié)同；產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)協(xié)同；采購(gòu)協(xié)同；協(xié)同。Collaborative

Commercevendor-managed

inventory

(VMI)零售者和供應(yīng)商之間的信息共享：寶潔和沃爾瑪寶潔可以

沃爾瑪內(nèi)寶潔產(chǎn)品的銷售信息寶潔從沃爾瑪?shù)拿考曳值臧刺焓占畔?，并利用這些信息為沃爾瑪管理庫(kù)存進(jìn)貨。電子方式完成寶潔有精確的需求信息沃爾瑪有充分的庫(kù)存5-51Collaborative

Commerce零售商與供應(yīng)商協(xié)同：

公司公司是一家大型綜合公司．與20000多家交易伙伴進(jìn)行電子商務(wù)聯(lián)系，許多的貿(mào)易伙伴未連接到該公司基于VAN的EDI系統(tǒng)．公司為這些貿(mào)易伙伴建立了外聯(lián)網(wǎng)外聯(lián)網(wǎng)不僅使公司連接了

的合作伙伴，而且還可以利用許多在傳統(tǒng)EDI中不可用的應(yīng)用程序該系統(tǒng)使公司與其他供應(yīng)商的通信和協(xié)作更加合理．5-53Collaborative

Commerce縮短了設(shè)計(jì)周期時(shí)間：Adaptec,Inc.Adaptec是一家大型的微

制造商，為電子設(shè)備制造商提供關(guān)鍵部件．Adaptec外包制造任務(wù)，集中于產(chǎn)品研究和開(kāi)發(fā)該公司的總部在加州，三個(gè)主要制造廠都在國(guó)外，因?yàn)樾枰诳偛亢椭圃鞆S之間協(xié)調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致交貨周期長(zhǎng)．集成了工作流自動(dòng)化基于外聯(lián)網(wǎng)的協(xié)同和企業(yè)級(jí)的供應(yīng)鏈集成和電子商務(wù)工具訂單-生產(chǎn)-交付時(shí)間從15周減少到10到12周Collaborative

CommerceReducing

Transportation

and

Inventory

CostsReduction

of

Design

Cycle

TimeReduction

of

Product

Development

TimeElimination

of

Channel :

Collaborationwith

Dealers

andRetailers5-55Collaborative

CommerceBarriers

to

merceMost

organizations

have

achieved

only

modera

evels

ofcollaboration

because

of:A

lack

of

internal

integration,

standards,

and

networksSecurity

and

privacy

concerns,

and

distrust

over

whohas

access

to

and

control

of

information

stored

in

apartner’s

databaseInternal to

information

sharing

and

to

newapproachesA

lack

of

internal

skills

to

conduct

merceConsumer-to-ConsumerElectronic

Commerceconsumer-to-consumer

(C2C)

ECmerce

model

in

which

consumers

sell

directly

toother

consumersE-C0mmerce:C2CapplicationC2C

AuctionsClassified

Ads（分類

）al

Services（個(gè)人服務(wù)項(xiàng)目）File-Sharing

Utilities:

Napster

and

OthersC2C

Activities

in

Social

Networks

and

Trading

VirtualPropertie