文學(xué)2-現(xiàn)代詩歌ezra pound

Ezra

Pound

(1885—1972)The

father

of

modern

poetryLife

Experience(1885-1972)Born

in

Hailey,Idoho

in

1885.Met

William

Carlos

Williams

andHilda

Dolittle

at

the

University

ofPennsylvaniaSailed

for

Europe

in

1908.Came

into

contact

with

Hulme

andhis

Poets’

Club.Appointed

himself

foreign

editor

ofPoetryMiddle

PeriodFrom

1913

began

his

study

of

theChinese

language

and

ancient

Chineseculture.In

1914,

abandoned

imagism

in

favorof

Vorticism;

got

married.During

W.W.

I,

assisted

youngwritersIn

1924

moved

to

Italy

and

becameinvolved

in

Fascist

politics,broadcastin er

Radio

Rome

againstallies.Later

LifeIn

1945,

returned

to

America

andwas

arrested

on

charge

of

treason.In

1946,

acquitted,

and

declaredinsane.In

1958,

released

from

St.

Elizabeth’sHospital

in

Washington.In

1972,

died

in

Venice

a

recluse.Points

of

Views(1)

The

artist

was

the

arbiter

and

the

“saviour”

ofthe

race

aiming

to

purify

the

arts

and

to

dumpthe

old

into

the

dustbin

and

bring

forthsomething

new.(2)

To

him

life

was

sordid al

crushingoppression,

and

culture

produced

nothing

but“intangible

bondage”.(3)

Chinese

history

and

the

doctrine

ofConfucius

are

a

source

of

strength

and

wisdomwith

which

to

counterpoint

Western

gloom

andconfusion.(4)

He

saw

a

chaotic

world

that

wanted

setting

torights,

and

a

humanity,

suffering

from

spiritualdeath

and

cosmic

injustice,

that

needed

saving.AlbaAs

cool

as

the

pale

wet

leavesof

lily-of-the-valleyShe

lay

beside

me

in

the

dawn晨曲像鈴蘭蒼白濕潤的葉子那樣涼爽黎明她躺在我身旁。Lily

of

the

ValleyRepresentative

WorksHugh

Selwyn

Mauberly

(1920)The

Cantos

(1917-1959)Cathay

華夏(1915)Translation

of

ancient

Chinese

poetryHomage

to

Sextus

Propertius

(1917)Sextus

Propertius

was

a

Latin

elegiac

poetwhowas

born

around

50–45

BC

and

died

shortlyafter

15

BC.Hugh

Selwyn

Mauberley

(1920)休·賽爾溫·莫伯利A

poem

about

the

commercializationand

debasement

of

art,

about

thefeeling

of

frustration

and

failure

onthe

part

of

the

artist,

and

about

thepoet

himself.Two

parts:

1---13

poems2---5

poemsHugh

Selwyn

Mauberley

(2)about

a

poet

whose

life,

like

Pound's,

hase

sterile

and

meaninglesspublished

in

June

1920,

marking

hisfarewell

to

London.

He

was

disgusted

bythe

lives

lost

during

the

war

and

could

notreconcile

himself

with

it.made

up

of

18

short

poems,

read

asautobiographical.begins

with

asatirical ysis

oftheLondon

literary

scene,

then

turns

to

socialcriticism

and

economics,

and

an

attack

onthe

causes

of

the

war.The

Cantos

詩章(1915-1962)Pound’s

“in lec

ual

diary

sin

15”.Pisan

Canto

is

the

best

one,

new

modelfor

contemporary

poets.Language:

intricate

and

obscureTheme:

complex

subject

mattersForm:

no

fixed

framework,

no

centraltheme,

no

attention

to

poetic

rulesThe

Cantos

(2)along, plete

poem

in

120sections,each

of

which

is

a

canto.

Most

of

itwaswritten

between

1915

and

1962,althoughmuch

of

the

early

work

was

abandoned

andthe

early

cantos,

as

finally

published,

datefrom

1922

onwards.

It

is

a

book-length

work,widely

considered

to

present

formidabledifficulties

to

the

reader.

Strong

claims

havebeen

made

for

it

as

the

most

significant

work

of

modernist

poetry

of

the20thcentury.

As

in

Pound's

prose

writing,

thethemes

of

economics, ernance,

andculture

are

integral

to

its

content.The

Cantos

(3)In

kaleidoscopic

manner,

lacking

anyevident

overall

plan

or

continuingnarrative,

the

cantos

move

with

very

freeassociation

over

diverse

aspects

and

erasof

history,

American,

European,

andOriental,

for

all

time

is

treated

ascontemporary.

(varied

subjects)Similarly,

there

is

no

distinction

made

inthe

use

of

diverse

languages,

andtheEnglish

is

often

peppered

with

Greek,Latin,

Provencal,

Italian,

and

Chinese,according

to

the

subject

of

the

passagesof

frequently

shifting

topics.

(variedlanguages)The

Cantos

(4)The

elliptical

style

ranges

from

laconic

andesoteric

juxtapositions

to

lengthy

allusiveassociations.

(varied

ellipsis)Among

all

this

variety

there

arerelationships

which

apparently

are

meantto

evaluate

history

by

comparison,

and

topresent

a

morality

for

the

individual

basedon

Confucian

thought

and

one

for

societydepending

upontheostensiblyhumanitarian

useof

state-controlledcredit

and

money.Evaluation

of

Pound[p.163]+[p.170]Influences

on

ImagismGreek

poetryProvencal

poetryJapanese

poetryChinese

poetry

[p.161]Pound

owes

heavily

to

HomerHis

major

poems

often

take

the

formof

voyageHis

hero

has

always

been

anOdysseus

figureThe

narrator

of

Hugh

SelwynMauberley

is

Odysseus-PoundThe

substructure

of

the

Cantos

isHomericThe

influence

of

DanteDante,

was

an

Italianpoet

of

the

MiddleAges.In

Italy

he

is

knownas

"the

SupremePoet"and

is

also

calledthe"Father

of

the

Italianlanguage".ProvenceAncient

ChinaThe

greatest

cultural

influence

overPound

came

perhaps

from

ancient

China,especially

Confucius.The

topic

of

a

haiku

poem

usually

dealswith

nature.The

leaves

fell

slowlyTo

the

unforgiving

ground.Too

soon

-

summer’s

gone!A

haiku

is

a

Japanese

poem

with

three

lines.Haikus

are

probably

the

shortest

poetic

forms

in

the

world.Each

line

of

a

haiku

has

a

certain

number

of

syllables.The line

of

a

haiku

contains

five

syllables.The

second

line

of

a

haiku

contains

seven

syllables.The

third

line

of

a

haiku

contains

five

syllables.Use

of

a

season

word

(kigo);Use

of

a

cut

or

kire

(sometimesindicated

by

a

punctuation

mark)

toimplicitly

compare

two

images.Examples

of

HaikuAn

oldsilentpond…A

frog

jumps

intothepond,Splash!

silence

again.TheRainRain

helps

your

flowersYou

can

see

your

reflectionItevaporatesI

walkedin

the

streetA

heavy

rain

sudden

pouredWet

from

top

to

toeIs

this

a

haiku?Drip

Drop

Drip

Drop

Drip

DropDrip

raining

in

the

springand

I'mSoaking

wetTeacher

on

the

stageAbove

the

other

studentsNobody

listensYou

Can

Try

one

of

your

own

!!!A

Chinese

imagistic

poetryAutumnEvening

crowsperch

on

old

trees

wreathed

with

withered

vine,Water

of

a

stream

flows

by

a

family