高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法精講精練專題十：名詞性從句（含解析）

高考必考語(yǔ)法精講精練語(yǔ)法專題十：名詞性從句名詞性從句是比較重要的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試大綱》附錄語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表中對(duì)名詞性從句列了四項(xiàng)：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)Ⅰ對(duì)名詞性從句的考查一般在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中，主要考查從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。2015年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ沒(méi)有考查名詞性從句。2016年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ第71題（短文改錯(cuò)）考查了賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.本句中須將that改為where。2017年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ沒(méi)有考查了名詞性從句。在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞可以充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，因此，名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。=1\*GB3①Whatwasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily.(主語(yǔ)從句)=2\*GB3②Idon’tknowwhatyouwanttosay.(賓語(yǔ)從句)=3\*GB3③Thegoodnewsisthatwehavewonthegame.(表語(yǔ)從句)=4\*GB3④Thenewsthatwehavewonthegameistrue.(同位語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：從屬連詞that,because疑問(wèn)代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whether,if疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,why,how,縮合連接詞whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)asif,asthough注意：連詞that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用，在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中不能省略，在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去；疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞、縮合連接詞以及關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)在句中既保留自己的含義又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。名詞性從句一般都用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問(wèn)含義。例如：=1\*GB3①Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.=2\*GB3②Wealldon’tknowwhenhewillcome.1.主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)。例如：=1\*GB3①Thathestoleabikewastrue.=2\*GB3②Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.=3\*GB3③Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.=4\*GB3④WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.=5\*GB3⑤Whetherhecanpasstheexamdependsonwhetherhestudyhardornot.=6\*GB3⑥Whateveryoudoisnoneofmybusiness.=7\*GB3⑦Whoevercomestoourlibrarywillbewelcome.單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：=1\*GB3①Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.=2\*GB3②Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.主語(yǔ)從句比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名詞+主語(yǔ)從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itisafactthathehasgoneabroad.=2\*GB3②Itisapitythatyoumissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.（2）It+be+形容詞+主語(yǔ)從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itisobviousthathetoldalie.=2\*GB3②Itiscertainthathewillwinthegame.（3）It+be+過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itissaidthatshewillcometothepartytomorrow.=2\*GB3②Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplanearetotakeoff.（4）It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Ithappenedthatthemeetingwascanceledthatday.=2\*GB3②ItoccurredtomethatIhadforgottentobringmywallet.注意:在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should)+do，常用的句型是：Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/essential,etc.)that…例如：=1\*GB3①It’snecessarythatyoushouldstudyhard.=2\*GB3②Itisstrangethatheshouldsaythat.=3\*GB3③Itisessentialthatacollegestudentshouldmasteratleastaforeignlanguage.2.賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如：=1\*GB3①Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.=2\*GB3②Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.=3\*GB3③Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.1).由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去。但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：Hehastoldme(that)hewillleaveWuhanandthathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.注意:在insist,suggest,advise,decide,demand,desire,require,request,order,command等表示“堅(jiān)持、建議、決定、要求、命令”（“堅(jiān)決要命”）等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)部分常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：=1\*GB3①Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.=2\*GB3②Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講,insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講，則其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例如：=1\*GB3①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.=2\*GB3②Theboyinsistedthathehadnotstolenthemoney.2).用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，常可互換。但從句中有ornot時(shí)或介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中表示“是否”只用whether.介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。例如：=1\*GB3①Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.=2\*GB3②Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.=3\*GB3③Heseldomloseshistemperexceptthatyoumakeafoolofhim.3).賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：=1\*GB3①IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.=2\*GB3②IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.=3\*GB3③Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.=4\*GB3④WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句中的語(yǔ)動(dòng)只能用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等。例如：=1\*GB3①Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.=2\*GB3②TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.4).當(dāng)主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：=1\*GB3①Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.=2\*GB3②Idon’tthinkhewilldoso.注意：doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用whether/if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。besure用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，后接that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Idoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.=2\*GB3②Thereisnodoubtthathewillcometomorrow.=3\*GB3③Iamsurethathewillwinthegame.=4\*GB3④Iamnotsurewhetherhewillwinthegame.3.表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句常放在系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用asif,because引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.=2\*GB3②That’sjustwhatIwant.=3\*GB3③Thisiswhereourproblemlies.=4\*GB3④Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.=5\*GB3⑤Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.=6\*GB3⑥Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.4.同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句用于解釋說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名詞后,如news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief等，用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞通常有that,whether和連接副詞when,where,why,how；連接代詞who，what，whose，which也可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Thenewsthathewonthefirstplacewastrue.=2\*GB3②Itisaquestionhowhedidit.=3\*GB3③Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.=4\*GB3④Wehaven’tsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.=5\*GB3⑤Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.=6\*GB3⑥Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.同位語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在被解釋的名詞之后，但有時(shí)候也可以分開，將從句放在句末。例如：=1\*GB3①Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewruleshouldbeadopted.=2\*GB3②WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschool.5.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

（1）定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。

=1\*GB3①The

plane

that

has

just

taken

off

is

for

Paris.

（定語(yǔ)從句）

=2\*GB3②The

fact

that

he

has

died

is

quite

clear.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）

（2）定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)?？墒÷浴Ｍ徽Z(yǔ)從句主要由連詞that

引導(dǎo)，在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分；where,

when,

how,

who,

whether,

what

等連詞也可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

=1\*GB3①The

news

that

he

told

me

is

true.

（定語(yǔ)從句）=2\*GB3②The

news

that

he

has

just

died

is

true.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）=3\*GB3③The

problem

that

we’re

facing

now

is

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money.

(定語(yǔ)從句)=4\*GB3④The

problem

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money

is

hardto

solve.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）=5\*GB3⑤The

question

that

he

raised

puzzled

all

of

us.

（定語(yǔ)從句）=6\*GB3⑥The

question

whetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位語(yǔ)從句）

（3）同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子,

而定語(yǔ)從句則不能。如：

=1\*GB3①Theideathatwecanasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位語(yǔ)從句）→The

idea

is

that

we

can

ask

the

teacher

for

advice.

=2\*GB3②The

fact

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

is

known

to

all.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）

→The

fact

is

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun.

=3\*GB3③Pay

attention

to

the

problem

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）

→The

problem

is

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)及語(yǔ)法填空分析與訓(xùn)練·名詞性從句考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析:名詞性從句短文改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)主要涉及從句引導(dǎo)詞的誤用、缺失以及多余。語(yǔ)法填空主要涉及從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。名詞性從句單句改錯(cuò)之真題訓(xùn)練：1.…butitdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.(全國(guó)卷)2..(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive3.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ)Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.4.Besides,Ihavefewfriends,Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.(全國(guó)卷)名詞性從句單句改錯(cuò)之提升訓(xùn)練：1.

It’s

uncertain

that

the

experiment

is

worth

doing.

2.That

is

hard

is

to

do

good

all

one's

life

and

never

do

anything

bad.

3.What

the

boy

didn't

take

medicine

made

his

mother

angry.

4.What

he

really

means

is

what

he

disagrees

with

us.

5.Ifwecan

finish

translating

the

book

depends

on

the

time.

6.That

is

that

Lu

Xun

once

lived.

7.

The

fact

which

she

had

not

said

anything

surprised

all

of

us.

8.

Thereisnodoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.9.

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.10.Thathewantstotellusisnotclear.名詞性從句單句語(yǔ)法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ，閱讀B)Wenowrealize________importantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.2.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ，閱讀B)Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.________findstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.3.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ，閱讀D)Thejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethan________CaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.4.(2016·北京，29)Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelydust.5.(2016·四川，七選五)Scientistsarestillnotexactlysure________genesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.6.(2016·江蘇，21)Itisoftenthecase________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.7.(2015·湖南，26)Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.8.(2015·北京，33)Itrulybelieve________beautycomesfromwithin.9.(2015·重慶，8)Wemustfindout________Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.10.(2015·四川，8)Theexhibitiontellsus________weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.11.(2015·安徽，25)Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot________shipsarebuiltfor.12.(2014·大綱全國(guó)，24)Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain，butitwasprobablyaround1565.學(xué)習(xí)札記：參考答案及解析名詞性從句單句改錯(cuò)之真題訓(xùn)練：1.that改為whether，whether與ornot搭配，表示“是否”2.that－where考查從句連詞。該句是賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“靠近我住的地方”，that改為where。3.how→what考查疑問(wèn)詞的用法。我和同學(xué)們正在談?wù)摷倨诶镒鍪裁础９潭ū磉_(dá)whattodo，如何用how結(jié)構(gòu)為howtodosth。4.that改為why，why引