《公路施工新技術(shù)》課件

公路施工新技術(shù)2004年12月1公路施工新技術(shù)2004年12月1223344施工過(guò)程5施工過(guò)程5施工過(guò)程新技術(shù)自檢碾壓機(jī)移動(dòng)式拌和樓紅外線攝影機(jī)混合料傳送機(jī)6施工過(guò)程新技術(shù)自檢碾壓機(jī)6778899101011111212不均勻密度的影響同壓密不夠類(lèi)似增加剝落與水損減少疲勞壽命增加空隙率1%將至少減少10%的壽命13不均勻密度的影響同壓密不夠類(lèi)似131414151516161717不均勻密度的位置18不均勻密度的位置18溫差超過(guò)14°C空隙率增加2%19溫差超過(guò)14°C19材料傳遞機(jī)20材料傳遞機(jī)202121材料傳遞機(jī)拌和葉片攤鋪之前的再拌和22材料傳遞機(jī)攤鋪之前的22施工工藝自動(dòng)化計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用衛(wèi)星和激光定位技術(shù)遙控技術(shù)圖控技術(shù)機(jī)器眼技術(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)反饋和傳感技術(shù)人機(jī)對(duì)話技術(shù)23施工工藝自動(dòng)化計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用23衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)24衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)24激光定位技術(shù)25激光定位技術(shù)25遙控技術(shù)26遙控技術(shù)26遙控挖掘裝載機(jī)27遙控挖掘裝載機(jī)27碾壓自動(dòng)化28碾壓自動(dòng)化28多臺(tái)碾壓機(jī)碾壓自動(dòng)化29多臺(tái)碾壓機(jī)碾壓自動(dòng)化293030機(jī)器眼探測(cè)裂縫31機(jī)器眼探測(cè)裂縫31機(jī)器眼安裝路面標(biāo)記32機(jī)器眼安裝路面標(biāo)記32自動(dòng)封縫機(jī)33自動(dòng)封縫機(jī)33圖控技術(shù)34圖控技術(shù)34人機(jī)對(duì)話35人機(jī)對(duì)話35遙控管涵安裝機(jī)36遙控管涵安裝機(jī)36遙控挖掘裝載機(jī)37遙控挖掘裝載機(jī)37橋梁除漆機(jī)器人38橋梁除漆機(jī)器人38自動(dòng)掃雪灑鹽機(jī)39自動(dòng)掃雪灑鹽機(jī)39路面新技術(shù)超級(jí)性能路面瑪蹄脂瀝青碎石混凝土路面永久路面40路面新技術(shù)40混合料主要特點(diǎn)嚴(yán)格的材料選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)壓密機(jī)和體積比設(shè)計(jì)PGAGG%passingsievesize0.45SGC41混合料主要特點(diǎn)嚴(yán)格的材料選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)壓密機(jī)和體積比設(shè)計(jì)PGAG瀝青性能分級(jí)以天氣為基礎(chǔ)PG

64-22PerformanceGradeAverage7-daymaxpavementdesigntempMinpavementdesigntemp42瀝青性能分級(jí)以天氣為基礎(chǔ)PG64-22PerformancThehighertheGrade,thestifferthebinder.Themorerutresistance.

PG82PG76PG70PG64PG584343Thelowerthenumber,themoreresistanttothermalcracking.PG -22 -28 -344444集料特性基本特性–要求coarseaggregateangularity(CAA)fineaggregateangularity(FAA)flat,elongatedparticles(F&E)claycontent(SE)來(lái)源特性–選擇

toughnesssoundnessdeleteriousmaterialspolishvalues45集料特性基本特性–要求451000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.519.0PercentPassingSieveSize(mm)Raisedto0.45Power級(jí)配461000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 控制點(diǎn)1000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.519.0PercentPassingcontrolpointrestrictedzonemaxdensitylinemaxsizenommaxsizeSieveSize(mm)Raisedto0.45Power47控制點(diǎn)1000.075 .3 2.36 4.MarshallMethodSFSCBFBCSR48MarshallMethodSFSCBFBCSR4819.0mm25.0mm37.5mm9.5mm4.75mm12.5mm4919.0mm25.0mm37.5mm9.5mm4.7AGGREGATEGRADATIONNominalSize:19.0mmSMA&19.0mmSuperpavePercentPassingSMASuperpave50AGGREGATEGRADATIONPercentPas19.0mmSuperpave5119.0mmSuperpave51InsertI-70I-70 Ndesign-96 19.0mmSMA VTM-4.3 52InsertI-70I-70 Ndesign-9AGGREGATEGRADATIONNominalSize:12.5mmSMA&12.5mmSuperpavePercentPassingSMASuperpave53AGGREGATEGRADATIONPercentPasI-83 12.5mm PG70-22Binder54I-83 12.5mm54First12.5mmSMAI-68Ndesign-1003.9VTM55First12.5mmSMAI-68Ndesign-熱壓密和緊跟攤鋪機(jī)!56熱壓密和緊跟攤鋪機(jī)!56特性比較RutResistantDurableSkidResistantReducedSprayReducedHydroplaningReducedSoundSuperpave

SMA57特性比較RutResistantSuperpave SMDecisionPointsforusingSMAastheSurfaceLayer>2000ESAL’sperday>55mph58DecisionPoints>2000ESAL’s永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念59永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念59永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗疲勞瀝青基層：通過(guò)厚度使拉應(yīng)變最小60永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗疲勞瀝青基層：通過(guò)厚度使拉應(yīng)變最小60永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗車(chē)轍上面層集料顆粒摩擦互鎖：軋制和粗顆粒瀝青膠結(jié)料：高溫性能和改性空隙率：現(xiàn)場(chǎng)4%-6%61永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗車(chē)轍上面層集料顆粒摩擦互鎖：61永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗車(chē)轍上面層車(chē)轍試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證現(xiàn)場(chǎng)加速試驗(yàn)62永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗車(chē)轍上面層車(chē)轍試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證62上開(kāi)裂63上開(kāi)裂63華盛頓州永久路面州際高速公路90號(hào)47%沒(méi)有破壞27-33年；路面24公分；第一次罩面12年；第二次罩面13年。64華盛頓州永久路面州際高速公路90號(hào)64厚度比較65厚度比較6566666767性能試驗(yàn)68性能試驗(yàn)68車(chē)轍儀69車(chē)轍儀69車(chē)轍儀試驗(yàn)結(jié)果70車(chē)轍儀試驗(yàn)結(jié)果70717172727373747475757676車(chē)輛噪音:engine,exhaustsystem,aerodynamicnoisetirenoise.For>90kmph,pavement/tirenoisedominates.PowertrainnoiseCoast-bynoise路面噪音77車(chē)輛噪音:Powertrainnoise路面噪音77FHWA-NoiseAbatementCriteria67dB(A)“thisisnotanabsolutevalueordesignstandard,onlyalevelwherenoisemitigationmustbeconsidered”78FHWA-NoiseTheDecibelScaleHearingThresholdConversationPainThresholdDiscomfort79TheDecibelScaleHearingThresTheDecibelScaleIncreasingthedecibellevelby10doublesthenoiseintensity!ConversationTrainChainSaw80TheDecibelScaleIncreasingth隔音墻和種樹(shù)ErectNoiseWallsorPlantTrees/Shrubs路面微觀構(gòu)造ControlSurfaceTexture防止噪音措施81隔音墻和種樹(shù)防止噪音措施81隔音墻Effectiveonlyforthoseinline-of-sight.Donotreducenoiseatsource.82隔音墻EffectiveonlyforthoseinEffectivenessmustjustifyexpense.Cases:I-40,Knoxville:>$25,000/homeI-285,Atlanta:Requirementsof>69dB(A)and<$50,000/homeU.S.441,WestBoca,FL:>67dB(A),<$30,000/home,reductionof>5dB(A)Nationwide(FHWA,1998):>$1M/mile隔音墻83EffectivenessmustjustifyexpConclusions,

“Ingeneral,whendense-gradedasphaltandPCCpavementsarecompared,thedense-gradedisquieterby2to3dB(A)”路面微觀構(gòu)造84Conclusions,“Ingeneral,when67dB(A)15mTheDecibelScale8567dB(A)15mTheDecibelScale8Areductionof3dB(A)islikedoublingthedistancefromthenoise.67dB(A)30m-3dB(A)=64dB(A)86Areductionof3dB(A)islikeConclusions:“Ingeneral,whendense-gradedasphaltandPCCpavementsarecompared,thedense-gradedisquieterby2to3dB(A)”A

3dB(A)reductioncorrespondsto: -doublingthedistance -reducingtrafficvolumeby50% -reducingtrafficspeedby25%

87Conclusions:“Ingeneral,wheConclusions:“Open-gradedasphaltshowsthegreatestpotentialfornoisereductionforpassbynoise.Reductionwhencomparedtodense-gradedasphaltrangedfrom1to9dB(A).”A

9dB(A)reductioncorrespondsto: -areductionintrafficnoisebyalmost50%!88Conclusions:“Open-gradedaspOGFCs

ReduceNoiseandImproveVisibility89OGFCs

ReduceNoiseandImproveNoiseReduction

OpenvsDenseGradedMixesSource:NCHRP28490NoiseReduction

OpenvsDenseDOTsindicateastrongneedforpavementnoisecontrolstrategies.Properselectionofpavementsurfaceisthebestmethodtoreducenoisefrompavement/tireinteractions.WhatCanBeDone?91DOTsindicateastrongneedfoOGFCisthequietestsurfacetype.(Wayson,NCHRPSynthesis268)SMAhasalsoproventobeaquietsurface.(WisconsinDOT,1993)DensegradedHMAsurfacesarequieterthanPCCpavements.(HibbsandLarson,ReportFHWA-SA-96-068,May1996)EffectofPavementSurface92OGFCisthequietestsurfacetNoiseMakesNews!FamiliesNearI-275islobbyingtheMichiganDOTforsoundabatement.In1999,MDOTrebuiltI-275withconcrete.Residentscontendtheprojecthasincreasenoiselevels.Levelshavebeenregisteredupwardsof90decibels.StevePhillipsofBerkshire,England-basedTRLLimitedspokeaboutEngland’s10-yearplantoinstallquietersurfaceson60%ofmaintrunkroads.ThesurfaceswillbeSMAorOGFC.93NoiseMakesNews!FamiliesNearSummaryHighwaynoiseisimportanttothepublic.SmallchangesindBlevelarenoticeable.Decreaseof9dB(A)reducesnoiseby50%Decreaseof3dB(A)islikedoublingdistance94SummaryHighwaynoiseisimportSummaryNoisewallscanwork,but:Theyareexpensive.Theydon’tworkinalltypesofterrain.Sourceofnoiseisstillthere.Asphaltpavementscanreducenoiseatthesourcebyupto9dB(A).95SummaryNoisewallscanwork,bHotMixAsphaltSummaryAsphaltpavementsfornoisereductioninorderofeffectiveness:OGFCSMADense-GradedHMAPCC96HotMixAsphaltSummaryAsphalt《公路施工新技術(shù)》課件公路施工新技術(shù)2004年12月98公路施工新技術(shù)2004年12月199210031014施工過(guò)程102施工過(guò)程5施工過(guò)程新技術(shù)自檢碾壓機(jī)移動(dòng)式拌和樓紅外線攝影機(jī)混合料傳送機(jī)103施工過(guò)程新技術(shù)自檢碾壓機(jī)6104710581069107101081110912不均勻密度的影響同壓密不夠類(lèi)似增加剝落與水損減少疲勞壽命增加空隙率1%將至少減少10%的壽命110不均勻密度的影響同壓密不夠類(lèi)似1311114112151131611417不均勻密度的位置115不均勻密度的位置18溫差超過(guò)14°C空隙率增加2%116溫差超過(guò)14°C19材料傳遞機(jī)117材料傳遞機(jī)2011821材料傳遞機(jī)拌和葉片攤鋪之前的再拌和119材料傳遞機(jī)攤鋪之前的22施工工藝自動(dòng)化計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用衛(wèi)星和激光定位技術(shù)遙控技術(shù)圖控技術(shù)機(jī)器眼技術(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)反饋和傳感技術(shù)人機(jī)對(duì)話技術(shù)120施工工藝自動(dòng)化計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用23衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)121衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)24激光定位技術(shù)122激光定位技術(shù)25遙控技術(shù)123遙控技術(shù)26遙控挖掘裝載機(jī)124遙控挖掘裝載機(jī)27碾壓自動(dòng)化125碾壓自動(dòng)化28多臺(tái)碾壓機(jī)碾壓自動(dòng)化126多臺(tái)碾壓機(jī)碾壓自動(dòng)化2912730機(jī)器眼探測(cè)裂縫128機(jī)器眼探測(cè)裂縫31機(jī)器眼安裝路面標(biāo)記129機(jī)器眼安裝路面標(biāo)記32自動(dòng)封縫機(jī)130自動(dòng)封縫機(jī)33圖控技術(shù)131圖控技術(shù)34人機(jī)對(duì)話132人機(jī)對(duì)話35遙控管涵安裝機(jī)133遙控管涵安裝機(jī)36遙控挖掘裝載機(jī)134遙控挖掘裝載機(jī)37橋梁除漆機(jī)器人135橋梁除漆機(jī)器人38自動(dòng)掃雪灑鹽機(jī)136自動(dòng)掃雪灑鹽機(jī)39路面新技術(shù)超級(jí)性能路面瑪蹄脂瀝青碎石混凝土路面永久路面137路面新技術(shù)40混合料主要特點(diǎn)嚴(yán)格的材料選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)壓密機(jī)和體積比設(shè)計(jì)PGAGG%passingsievesize0.45SGC138混合料主要特點(diǎn)嚴(yán)格的材料選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)壓密機(jī)和體積比設(shè)計(jì)PGAG瀝青性能分級(jí)以天氣為基礎(chǔ)PG

64-22PerformanceGradeAverage7-daymaxpavementdesigntempMinpavementdesigntemp139瀝青性能分級(jí)以天氣為基礎(chǔ)PG64-22PerformancThehighertheGrade,thestifferthebinder.Themorerutresistance.

PG82PG76PG70PG64PG5814043Thelowerthenumber,themoreresistanttothermalcracking.PG -22 -28 -3414144集料特性基本特性–要求coarseaggregateangularity(CAA)fineaggregateangularity(FAA)flat,elongatedparticles(F&E)claycontent(SE)來(lái)源特性–選擇

toughnesssoundnessdeleteriousmaterialspolishvalues142集料特性基本特性–要求451000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.519.0PercentPassingSieveSize(mm)Raisedto0.45Power級(jí)配1431000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 控制點(diǎn)1000.075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.519.0PercentPassingcontrolpointrestrictedzonemaxdensitylinemaxsizenommaxsizeSieveSize(mm)Raisedto0.45Power144控制點(diǎn)1000.075 .3 2.36 4.MarshallMethodSFSCBFBCSR145MarshallMethodSFSCBFBCSR4819.0mm25.0mm37.5mm9.5mm4.75mm12.5mm14619.0mm25.0mm37.5mm9.5mm4.7AGGREGATEGRADATIONNominalSize:19.0mmSMA&19.0mmSuperpavePercentPassingSMASuperpave147AGGREGATEGRADATIONPercentPas19.0mmSuperpave14819.0mmSuperpave51InsertI-70I-70 Ndesign-96 19.0mmSMA VTM-4.3 149InsertI-70I-70 Ndesign-9AGGREGATEGRADATIONNominalSize:12.5mmSMA&12.5mmSuperpavePercentPassingSMASuperpave150AGGREGATEGRADATIONPercentPasI-83 12.5mm PG70-22Binder151I-83 12.5mm54First12.5mmSMAI-68Ndesign-1003.9VTM152First12.5mmSMAI-68Ndesign-熱壓密和緊跟攤鋪機(jī)!153熱壓密和緊跟攤鋪機(jī)!56特性比較RutResistantDurableSkidResistantReducedSprayReducedHydroplaningReducedSoundSuperpave

SMA154特性比較RutResistantSuperpave SMDecisionPointsforusingSMAastheSurfaceLayer>2000ESAL’sperday>55mph155DecisionPoints>2000ESAL’s永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念156永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念59永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗疲勞瀝青基層：通過(guò)厚度使拉應(yīng)變最小157永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗疲勞瀝青基層：通過(guò)厚度使拉應(yīng)變最小60永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗車(chē)轍上面層集料顆粒摩擦互鎖：軋制和粗顆粒瀝青膠結(jié)料：高溫性能和改性空隙率：現(xiàn)場(chǎng)4%-6%158永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗車(chē)轍上面層集料顆粒摩擦互鎖：61永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗車(chē)轍上面層車(chē)轍試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證現(xiàn)場(chǎng)加速試驗(yàn)159永久路面路面設(shè)計(jì)概念抗車(chē)轍上面層車(chē)轍試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證62上開(kāi)裂160上開(kāi)裂63華盛頓州永久路面州際高速公路90號(hào)47%沒(méi)有破壞27-33年；路面24公分；第一次罩面12年；第二次罩面13年。161華盛頓州永久路面州際高速公路90號(hào)64厚度比較162厚度比較651636616467性能試驗(yàn)165性能試驗(yàn)68車(chē)轍儀166車(chē)轍儀69車(chē)轍儀試驗(yàn)結(jié)果167車(chē)轍儀試驗(yàn)結(jié)果70168711697217073171741727517376車(chē)輛噪音:engine,exhaustsystem,aerodynamicnoisetirenoise.For>90kmph,pavement/tirenoisedominates.PowertrainnoiseCoast-bynoise路面噪音174車(chē)輛噪音:Powertrainnoise路面噪音77FHWA-NoiseAbatementCriteria67dB(A)“thisisnotanabsolutevalueordesignstandard,onlyalevelwherenoisemitigationmustbeconsidered”175FHWA-NoiseTheDecibelScaleHearingThresholdConversationPainThresholdDiscomfort176TheDecibelScaleHearingThresTheDecibelScaleIncreasingthedecibellevelby10doublesthenoiseintensity!ConversationTrainChainSaw177TheDecibelScaleIncreasingth隔音墻和種樹(shù)ErectNoiseWallsorPlantTrees/Shrubs路面微觀構(gòu)造ControlSurfaceTexture防止噪音措施178隔音墻和種樹(shù)防止噪音措施81隔音墻Effectiveonlyforthoseinline-of-sight.Donotreducenoiseatsource.179隔音墻EffectiveonlyforthoseinEffectivenessmustjustifyexpense.Cases:I-40,Knoxville:>$25,000/homeI-285,Atlanta:Requirementsof>69dB(A)and<$50,000/homeU.S.441,WestBoca,FL:>67dB(A),<$30,000/home,reductionof>5dB(A)Nationwide(FHWA,1998):>$1M/mile隔音墻180EffectivenessmustjustifyexpConclusions,

“Ingeneral,whendense-gradedasphaltandPCCpavementsarecompared,thedense-gradedisquieterby2to3dB(A)”路面微觀構(gòu)造181Conclusions,“Ingeneral,when67dB(A)15mTheDecibelScale18267dB(A)15mTheDecibelScale8Areductionof3dB(A)islikedoublingthedistancefromthenoise.67dB(A)30m-3dB(A)=64dB(A)183Areductionof3dB(A)islikeConclusions:“Ingeneral,whendense-gradedasphaltandPCCpavementsarecompared,thedense-gradedisquieterby2to3dB(A)”A

3dB(A)reductioncorrespondsto: -doublingthedistance -reducingtrafficvolumeby50% -reducingtrafficspeedby25%

184Conclusions:“Ingeneral,wheConclusions:“Open-gradedasphaltshowsthegreatestpotentialfornoisereductionforpassbynoise.Reductionwhencomparedtodense-gradedasphaltrangedfrom1to9dB(A).”A

9dB(A)reductioncorrespondsto: -areductionintrafficnoisebyalmost50%!185Conclusions:“Open-gradedaspOGFCs

ReduceNoiseandImproveVisibility186OGFCs

ReduceNoiseandImproveNoiseReduction

OpenvsDenseGradedMixesSource:NCHRP284187NoiseReduction

OpenvsDenseDOTsindicateastrongneedforpavementnoisecontrolstrategies.Properselectionofpavementsurfaceisthebestmethodtoreducenoisefrompavement/tir