英美文化第十二周作業(yè)-18英語(yǔ)本一吳亞玲 23231118125

英美文化第十二周作業(yè)P1476.Asocialmovementispossibleonlywhenthereareorganizations,andspontaneousactions.（T）P148ThemostnotoriousterroristgroupagainstblackcivilrightsworkersintheSouthwasknownas_.theBlackMuslimsFederalBureauofInvestigationStudentforADemocraticSocietyKuKluxKlanThereasonwhymanyyoungpeoplewereinvolvedinthesocialmovementofthe1960swasthatA.theyresentedtraditionalwhitemalevaluesinUSsociety.theyloveAmericasomuchtheythoughttheyknewbetterthantheirteacherstheyviewedtheadultworldwithgravedoubt.P149OnFebruary1,1960,4blackstudentsfromablackcollegeinGreensboro,NorthCarolina,begantheirprotestagainsttheracialsegregationlawsbysuchtacticsassit-ins,thusbeginningthecivilrightsmovement.8.Inthesummerof1963,hundredsofthousandsofpeacefuldemonstrators,marchedtoWashington,D.C,whereMartinLutherKing,gavethefamous“Ihaveadream”speech.P1501.GreensboroSit-inOnFebruary1,I960,4freshmenfromablackcollegeinGreensboro,NorthCarolina,satdownatadepartmentlunchcounterandorderedcoffee.Whenrefused,theycontinuedtositatthecounter,openlydefyingthesegregationlawprevailinginthestate.Thenextday,morestudentsjoinedthem.Thusbeganthecivilrightsmovement,whichspreadfromthesouthtothenorth.Later,thisquiet“sit-in”becamethemajornonviolentdirectactiontacticstobeusedbyblackcivilrightsactivists.ThecivilrightsmovementproducedsuchgreatleadersasMartinLutherKing,Jr.,andMalcolmX,whoinspiredagenerationofbothblacksandwhitestodevotetheirlivestofightingforracialequalityintheU.S.4.MartinLutherKing,Jr..AnAtlanta-bornBaptistminister:theleaderoftheSouthernChristianLeadershipConferenceduringthecivilrightsmovementofthe1960s..Topromotehisphilosophyofnonviolentprotestagainstsegregationandotherkindsofsocialinjustice,Kingorganizedaseriesof"marches"theMarchonWashingtonofAugust,1963,whenKingdeliveredhisfamous"IhaveaDream"speech..Asacivilrightsleader,Kingworkednotonlytoendracialdiscrimination（種族歧視）andpoverty,butalsotoraisetheselfimageoftheblacks..Duetohisstrongbeliefinnonviolentpeacefulprotest,KingwasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964..HewasassassinatedinthecityofMemphis（孟斐斯）inApril1968.ResultsofthecivilrightsmovementLegalsegregationendedintheSouth.SouthernAfro-Americanscanvote.ButRacismisstillaproblem.P150Questions1.Whatwerethemajorsocialmovementsofthe1960s?Andwhatwasthehistoricalbackgroundofthesocialmovementsofthatdecade?SocialMovementsofthe1960sinAmericaincludes:■theyouthanti-warmovementthecivilrightsmovement■theyouthmovementtheanti-warmovement.thewomen'sliberationmovementThehistoricalbackgroundoftheAmericansocialmovementsofthe1960s:.WW2&KoreanWar(thedefeatofUSinKoreanWar).Hardtimesofdepressionof1930s.AmericanDream.Afro-Americans,youngpeopleandwomenweredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.AmericanNegroesexperienceddifferentlivesintheSouthandoutsidetheSouthofAmericaWomenexperienceddifferentlivesduringandafterWorldWarIIYoungpeopleresentedtraditionalwhitemalevaluesinUSsocietyWhoweretheparticipantsofthesocialmovementsofthe1960s?Manypeoplewhobelievedthegovernmentandthesocietywerewrongjoinedoneormoreofthesocialmovements.Blackandwhiteyoungpeopleworkedinallthemovements,asdidmanymiddle-classwhitewomenandsomemen.Thosewhoworkedinthecivilrightmovementincludedolder,usuallymale,Negroleaders;blackandwhiteyoungpeople,somewhiteprofessionalmenandwomen,andsomewhitehousewives.Whatarethebasiccharacteristicsofasocialmovement?Twobasiccharacteristicsofallsocialmovements:"structure"and"spontaneity"structure.StructuremeansorganizationsSpontaneityreferstothespontaneousactionsTheblackpoliticalmovementthatbeganasaforceforintegrationchangedcourseinthemid-1960sandbegantoemphasizeblackuniquenessandevenblackseparatism.Whatcausedthistransformation?Althoughthesesegregationlawswereillegalunderthe14thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinfederalcourts.Thecivilrightsmovementbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful.LongbeforethestudentsinGreensboro,NorthCarolinabegantheirsit-ins,thereweremanyotherswhoprotestedthesegregationlaws.Drawanalogiesbetweentheblackrevolutionandthewomen'smovement.Whatcommonassumptionsdotheyshare?Thewomenactivitiesweremostinthecivilrightsandanti-warmovementsbefore.TheybelievedthemaleleadersofthesemovementswerediscriminatingagainstwomeninthemovementjustlikeWhite'sdiscriminationagainstblackmen.Theybecameknownasthe"women'sliberation"group,or"women'slib",usedradicaltacticsandreceivedagreatdealofbadpublicity.Thisgroupfoundstrongsupportamonglargenumbersofyoungactivistsfromotherorganizations.Whatarethelegaciesofthesocialmovementsofthe1960s?Whataretheireffects,positiveandnegative,uponcontemporaryUSsociety?LegalsegregationendedintheSouthasaresultofthecivilrightsmovement.SouthernAfro-Americanscanvote.However,racismisstillanextremelyserioussocial,politicalandeconomicproblemintheUS.By1971,morethan60%ofpeopleintheUSthoughtthewarinVietnamwaswrongandwantedthewartoend.In1973theUSsign