初中英語句子成分講解練習(xí)及

初中英語句子成分解說練習(xí)及初中英語句子成分解說練習(xí)及初中英語句子成分解說練習(xí)及句子成分及基本句型一、考點(diǎn)、熱門回顧【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包含：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語表達(dá)的對(duì)象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：（1）Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名詞作主語）（2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代詞作主語）（3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞作主語）（4）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主語）（5）Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主語從句作主語）（二）謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）一定是動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)雙方面一定一致。它在主語后邊。如：Hisparentsareteachers.（系動(dòng)詞和表語一起作謂語）Westudyhard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語）Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）HecanspeakEnglish.（神態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）（三）賓語賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語以后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名詞作賓語）Shesays（that）sheisill.（賓語從句作動(dòng)詞賓語）Weoftenhelphim.（代詞作賓語）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作賓語）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我們喜愛聽音樂。（動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語）說明1：賓語是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞以后。介詞后邊的名詞或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。別的，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語；動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語。說明2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，后邊要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語指物，間接賓語平時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語指人。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語從前。不是全部的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如：give,show（給看），bring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.2）Thesungivesuslight.間接賓語假如放在直接賓語以后，在表示“人”的間接賓語從前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答應(yīng)）,refuse（拒絕）等。間接賓語加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等（1）Igivehimabook.改成：（2）Hepassesmethebook.（他將書遞給我。）改成：（3）Hewritesmealetter.改成：（4）Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：（5）Sheismakingmeacake.改成：（四）賓語補(bǔ)足語在賓語后邊增補(bǔ)說明賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特色的成分，稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。如：Theymakeherhappy.（形容詞）Iseeherdance.（不定式）We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.（名詞）Pleaselethimin.（副詞）Weheardhersingingasong.（分詞短語）（五）表語表語說明主語“是什么”也許“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。它的地址在系動(dòng)詞后邊。如：Iamateacher.（名詞）Heisalwayshappy.（形容詞）Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介詞短語）Itgetscold.（形容詞）Be動(dòng)詞（am，is，are,was,were）系動(dòng)詞表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改變（get，become，turn）感官動(dòng)詞（feel，sound（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來））如：Itsoundsinteresting.（sound為系動(dòng)詞，interesting為表語）Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain（為系動(dòng)詞，careful為表語）（六）定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。單個(gè)詞作定語時(shí)，平時(shí)放在它所修飾的名詞從前。如：Theblackbikeismine.（形容詞）What’syourname（代詞）Theymakepaperflowers.（名詞）說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞：nothing,anything,everything,something等時(shí)，定語在不定代詞后邊。如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.（形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語）Hehassomethingtodo.（todo為不定式作后置定語）說明2：短語或從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞以后。如：TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.（intheroom是介詞短語作theboys的后置定語。）（七）狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地址、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully.（副詞）Weoftenhelphim.（副詞）HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介詞短語）WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語）Hesitsthere.（副詞地址狀語）【簡單句的五種基本句型】主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(主謂)如：Thesunrises.太陽升起來。Thecarstopped.小汽車停下來了。rise和stop都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此后邊不用加賓語。主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(主謂賓)如：Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(主系表)如：Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.

（feel

為系動(dòng)詞，表示感覺）Itgetsdark.

天黑了。（get

為系動(dòng)詞，表示變得）Tomlooksill.Tom

看上去病了。（look

為系動(dòng)詞，表示看上去，看起來）D.主語

+及物動(dòng)詞

+雙賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）

(主謂+直賓+間賓)如：

HegivesTomapresent.

（雙賓語）

他給湯姆一件禮物。Mothermakeanewdressforme.

（雙賓語）

媽媽為我做了一件衣服。主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))如：

TheycallherMary.

（賓補(bǔ)）

他們叫她

Mary。Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.

（賓補(bǔ)）

我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。Healwaysmakesuslaugh.

（賓補(bǔ)）

他總使我們笑。二、典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.Theyareintheclassroom.Itsoundsgood.HisnameisPaul.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.三、課后練習(xí)(一)

挑出以下句中的賓語①M(fèi)ybrother

doesn't

do

hishomework.ABC

D②People

all

over

theworld

speak

English.ABC

D③Youmustpay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.A

BC

D④Howmanynew

wordsdo

you

learn

？ABCD⑤

Someofthe

students

intheschoolwant

togoswimming,

howaboutA

you？B

CD(二)

挑出以下句中的表語①

Theoldman

is

feeling

very

tired.ABC

D②

Whyis

he

worried

about

Jim？AB

CD③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.AB

CD④

Soon

TheyAB

all

becomeinterestedCD

inthesubject.⑤

She

is

thefirst

tolearn

aboutit.AB

CD(三)

挑出以下句中的定語①They

use

Mr.Mrs.withthe

family

name.AB

CD②What

is

your

given

name？AB

C

D③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCD④

Iam

afraid

some

people

forgot

tosweep

thefloor.ABC

D⑤

Theman

downstairs

was

trying

tosleep.A

B

CD（四)

挑出以下句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①

She

likes

thechildren

toreadnewspapersandbooks

inthe

reading-room.（四)挑出以下句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語②Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCD③Shefinditdifficulttodothework.ABCD④TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCD(五)

挑出以下句中的狀語①Thereisabigsmileonherface.ABCD②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCD③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCD④Themanonthemotorbikeistravellingtofast.ABCD⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLiABCD

hurriedoff.(六)

劃出句中的直接賓語

(

)

和間接賓語（

）Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Doesheleaveanymessageforme(七)解析以下句子的句子成分Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.Seeingisbelieving.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch.Shebecameadoctorin1998.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine.Suddenlyitbegantorain.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday.Ialwaysfindherhappy.9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish.10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.Theyloveeachother.WhatdidyoubuyShewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.劃分句子成分練習(xí)二Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.Theypushedthedooropen.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.thestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteachingWeneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．劃分句子成分練習(xí)題(2)(一)指出下例句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfastA.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfastTomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomeworkWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.isWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctorHeisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.musicWhomdidyougivemybooktoA.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出以下句中的賓語Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.ABCDPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCD③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCDHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclassABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyouABCDTheoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCDTheymadehimmonitoroftheclass.ABCDGoacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCD⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCDTheydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.ABCD(四)挑出以下句中的表語Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJimTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD(五)挑出下例句中的定語TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.Whatisyourgivenname③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD(六)挑出下例句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCD⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnowABCD(七)挑出下例句中的狀語Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCDHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.ABCD(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme劃分句子成分練習(xí)題（2）參照答案(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D(zhuǎn)⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D(zhuǎn)(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D(zhuǎn)⑦C⑧D(八)①us,間接賓語astory,直接賓語②me,間接賓語anewbike,直接賓語③us,間接賓語history,直接賓語④Tom,間接賓語it,直接賓語⑤me,間接賓語message,直接賓語典型例題答案一.寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1.主，謂，賓，狀2.定，狀3.表4.謂，賓，狀5.定，定6.謂，狀7.謂，賓，狀8.謂，狀9.表10.表11.定，表12.狀，狀課后練習(xí)(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A(八)①us