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AutomotiveemissionandcontrolBeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitectureChapter1:introduction現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)2StudyAims學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：UnderstandtherelationofautomotiveandenvironmentKnowaboutthepollutionofmaincityinChinaRealizethedisadvantageofautomotiveemissionStudypoints知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：theenvironmentandautomotivethepollutionofmaincityinChinathedisadvantageofCO,NOx,HC,PM,CO2
2StudyAims學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：Example:
3Readtheexamplesinbook.Wouldyouliketakeanexampleaboutpollution?Example:3Readtheexamplesin1.1Airpollutionandvehicles1.1.1Airpollution
Airpollutionistheintroductionofparticulates,biologicalmolecules,orotherharmfulmaterialsintoEarth'satmosphere,causingdiseases,deathtohumans,anddamagetootherlivingorganisms.1.1Airpollutionandvehicles現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)1.1.2SourcesTherearevariouslocations,activitiesorfactorswhichareresponsibleforreleasingpollutantsintotheatmosphere.Thesesourcescanbeclassifiedintotwomajorcategories.(1)Anthropogenic(man-made)sources:(2)Naturalsources:1.1.2SourcesTherearevar1.2Environmentalimpact
thepollutioninIranWhy？1.2Environmentalimpact
tFig1.3Wordmapofpassengercarsper1000peopleWordmapofpassengercarsper1000peopleFig1.3WordmapofpassengerthepollutionofmaincityinChinaWhatdoyouseefromthetable?thepollutionofmaincityin現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)1.3TypesofemissionsEmissionsthatareprincipalpollutantsofconcernincludeCO,HC,NOx,PMandCO21.3TypesofemissionsEmissionNitrogenoxides
Nitrogenoxides
(NOx)-Generatedwhen
nitrogen
intheairreactswithoxygenatthehightemperatureandpressureinsidetheengine.NOx
isaprecursortosmogand
acidrain.NOx
isamixtureofNO,N2O,andNO2.NO2
isextremelyreactive.Itdestroysresistancetorespiratoryinfection.NOx
productionisincreasedwhenanenginerunsatitsmostefficient(i.e.hottest)partofthecycle.Nitrogenoxides
Nitrogenoxide現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons-Aclassofburnedorpartiallyburnedfuel,hydrocarbonsaretoxins.Hydrocarbonsareamajorcontributortosmog,whichcanbeamajorprobleminurbanareas.TheformationofsmogHydrocarbonsHydrocarbons-AcTheformationofsmogHydrocarbonsTheformationofsmogHydrocarProlongedexposuretohydrocarbonscontributestoasthma,liverdisease,lungdisease,andcancer.Regulationsgoverninghydrocarbonsvaryaccordingtotypeofengineandjurisdiction;insomecases,"non-methanehydrocarbons"areregulated,whileinothercases,"totalhydrocarbons"areregulated.HydrocarbonsProlongedexposuretohydrocarTechnologyforoneapplication(tomeetanon-methanehydrocarbonstandard)maynotbesuitableforuseinanapplicationthathastomeetatotalhydrocarbonstandard.Methaneisnotdirectlytoxic,butismoredifficulttobreakdowninacatalyticconverter,soineffecta"non-methanehydrocarbon"regulationcanbeconsideredeasiertomeet.Sincemethaneisagreenhousegas,interestisrisinginhowtoeliminateemissionsofit.HydrocarbonsTechnologyforoneapplicationCarbonmonoxide
Carbonmonoxide
(CO)-Aproductofincompletecombustion,carbonmonoxidereducestheblood'sabilitytocarryoxygen;overexposure(carbonmonoxidepoisoning)maybefatal.CarbonMonoxidepoisoningisakillerinhighconcentrationsCarbonmonoxide
Carbonmonoxid現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)ParticulatematterParticulatematter
–
Soot
orsmokemadeupofparticlesinthe
micrometre
sizerange:Particulatemattercausesnegativehealtheffects,includingbutnotlimitedto
respiratorydisease
and
cancer.ParticulatematterParticulate現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)Volatileorganiccompounds
(VOCs)Volatileorganiccompounds
(VOCs)-Organiccompoundswhichtypicallyhaveaboilingpointlessthanorequalto250
°C;forexample
chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)and
formaldehyde.
Volatileorganiccompounds
areasubsectionof
Hydrocarbons
thatarementionedseparatelybecauseoftheirdangerstopublichealth.Volatileorganiccompounds
(VO現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)Carbondioxide(CO2)
Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas.MotorvehicleCO2emissionsarepartoftheanthropogeniccontributiontothegrowthofCO2concentrationsintheatmospherewhichiscausingclimatechange.Carbondioxide(CO2)
Carbo現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)SulfuroxideSulfuroxide
(SOx)-Ageneraltermforoxidesof
sulfur,whichareemittedfrommotorvehiclesburningfuelcontainingsulfur.Reducingtheleveloffuelsulfurreducesthelevelof
Sulfuroxideemittedfromthetailpipe.SulfuroxideSulfuroxide
(SOx)Emissionsofmanyairpollutantshavebeenshowntohavevarietyofnegativeeffectsonpublichealthandthenaturalenvironment.1.4PollutionEffects
Emissionsofmanyairpollutan1.5Emissionfactors
1.5Emissionfactors
1.6Pollutionreduction
1.6Pollutionreduction
ConclusionsThemainfactorofpollution–automotiveemissionbecauseofthecitydevelopment,energyusage,andsoon.TheheavypollutioninChina,andtheNorthisheavierthantheSouth.AutomotiveEmissionincludesmanydifferentcontents,suchasCO,HC,NOx,PMandCO2ConclusionsThemainfactorofThanks!Thanks!AutomotiveemissionandcontrolBeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitectureChapter1:introduction現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)34StudyAims學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：UnderstandtherelationofautomotiveandenvironmentKnowaboutthepollutionofmaincityinChinaRealizethedisadvantageofautomotiveemissionStudypoints知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：theenvironmentandautomotivethepollutionofmaincityinChinathedisadvantageofCO,NOx,HC,PM,CO2
2StudyAims學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：Example:
35Readtheexamplesinbook.Wouldyouliketakeanexampleaboutpollution?Example:3Readtheexamplesin1.1Airpollutionandvehicles1.1.1Airpollution
Airpollutionistheintroductionofparticulates,biologicalmolecules,orotherharmfulmaterialsintoEarth'satmosphere,causingdiseases,deathtohumans,anddamagetootherlivingorganisms.1.1Airpollutionandvehicles現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)1.1.2SourcesTherearevariouslocations,activitiesorfactorswhichareresponsibleforreleasingpollutantsintotheatmosphere.Thesesourcescanbeclassifiedintotwomajorcategories.(1)Anthropogenic(man-made)sources:(2)Naturalsources:1.1.2SourcesTherearevar1.2Environmentalimpact
thepollutioninIranWhy？1.2Environmentalimpact
tFig1.3Wordmapofpassengercarsper1000peopleWordmapofpassengercarsper1000peopleFig1.3WordmapofpassengerthepollutionofmaincityinChinaWhatdoyouseefromthetable?thepollutionofmaincityin現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)1.3TypesofemissionsEmissionsthatareprincipalpollutantsofconcernincludeCO,HC,NOx,PMandCO21.3TypesofemissionsEmissionNitrogenoxides
Nitrogenoxides
(NOx)-Generatedwhen
nitrogen
intheairreactswithoxygenatthehightemperatureandpressureinsidetheengine.NOx
isaprecursortosmogand
acidrain.NOx
isamixtureofNO,N2O,andNO2.NO2
isextremelyreactive.Itdestroysresistancetorespiratoryinfection.NOx
productionisincreasedwhenanenginerunsatitsmostefficient(i.e.hottest)partofthecycle.Nitrogenoxides
Nitrogenoxide現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons-Aclassofburnedorpartiallyburnedfuel,hydrocarbonsaretoxins.Hydrocarbonsareamajorcontributortosmog,whichcanbeamajorprobleminurbanareas.TheformationofsmogHydrocarbonsHydrocarbons-AcTheformationofsmogHydrocarbonsTheformationofsmogHydrocarProlongedexposuretohydrocarbonscontributestoasthma,liverdisease,lungdisease,andcancer.Regulationsgoverninghydrocarbonsvaryaccordingtotypeofengineandjurisdiction;insomecases,"non-methanehydrocarbons"areregulated,whileinothercases,"totalhydrocarbons"areregulated.HydrocarbonsProlongedexposuretohydrocarTechnologyforoneapplication(tomeetanon-methanehydrocarbonstandard)maynotbesuitableforuseinanapplicationthathastomeetatotalhydrocarbonstandard.Methaneisnotdirectlytoxic,butismoredifficulttobreakdowninacatalyticconverter,soineffecta"non-methanehydrocarbon"regulationcanbeconsideredeasiertomeet.Sincemethaneisagreenhousegas,interestisrisinginhowtoeliminateemissionsofit.HydrocarbonsTechnologyforoneapplicationCarbonmonoxide
Carbonmonoxide
(CO)-Aproductofincompletecombustion,carbonmonoxidereducestheblood'sabilitytocarryoxygen;overexposure(carbonmonoxidepoisoning)maybefatal.CarbonMonoxidepoisoningisakillerinhighconcentrationsCarbonmonoxide
Carbonmonoxid現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)ParticulatematterParticulatematter
–
Soot
orsmokemadeupofparticlesinthe
micrometre
sizerange:Particulatemattercausesnegativehealtheffects,includingbutnotlimitedto
respiratorydisease
and
cancer.ParticulatematterParticulate現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)Volatileorganiccompounds
(VOCs)Volatileorganiccompounds
(VOCs)-Organiccompoundswhichtypicallyhaveaboilingpointlessthanorequalto250
°C;forexample
chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)and
formaldehyde.
Volatileorganiccompounds
areasubsectionof
Hydrocarbons
thatarementionedseparatelybecauseoftheirdangerstopublichealth.Volatileorganiccompounds
(VO現(xiàn)代汽車排放與控制技術(shù)課件-第1章-雙語(yǔ)Carbondioxide(CO2)
Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas.Moto
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