考研英語完型填空

考研英語完型填空第一節(jié)課程–完型填空部分（2小時左右）完型填空的做題技巧：“做”一半，“猜”一半-確保大家完型填空最終的得分率在“4分-8分之間”；一、如何“猜”-依靠完型填空選項的分布概率來“猜”：ABCD四個選項基本上是平均分布，即每個選項基本上均有5次充當(dāng)答案的機會；這樣的話完型的20道題，首先就不需要全做，最多只需要做一半的題，即考生把完型的20道題區(qū)分成“會做的題”和“不會做的題”，首先把“會做的題”做完，之后研究這些選項的分布規(guī)律，找出其中出現(xiàn)幾率最小的選項，把這個選項全部填入“不會做的題”中，猜中的幾率則最高。會做的題不會做的題比如：會做5道題，研究其答案選項分布，如下：AABBC；等于這部分出現(xiàn)幾率最小的選項為D有15道不會做的題，則全選D；首先把“會做的題”做完，之后研究這些選項的分布規(guī)律，找出其中出現(xiàn)幾率最小的選項這部分則全部填入“在會做的題目部分出現(xiàn)幾率最小的選項”二、如何“做”完型的文章布局結(jié)構(gòu)是規(guī)律的完型的兩大規(guī)律完型的填空類型是規(guī)律的完型的12類填空題從詞性的角度從題型的角度1、動詞5、無關(guān)詞排除法9、總分結(jié)構(gòu)法2、形容詞6、同現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法10、對應(yīng)成分分析法3、副詞7、復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法11、時間、數(shù)字線索法4、名詞8、關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)法12、邏輯關(guān)系定位法完型文章的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律–主線控制全文的文章▇完型文章一般都有明確的中心主線整個文章的中心主線包括鮮明的主題（FOUCS），同時文章往往又具有很強的導(dǎo)向性或者作者態(tài)度具有傾向性；這個主題以及這種導(dǎo)向性或傾向性其實就構(gòu)成了完型文章的中心主線，成為從整體上把握完型文章的關(guān)鍵點。中心主線貫穿全文，即整篇文章就是圍繞著中心主線展開。▇完型文章往往采用總分對照結(jié)構(gòu)從文章結(jié)構(gòu)的角度來看，能夠?qū)⑽恼碌闹行闹骶€非常簡潔地表達清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)往往是總分對照的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以，我們通過大量的總結(jié)個分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)考研英語的完型文章在文章結(jié)構(gòu)上經(jīng)常采用總分對照的形式，這就為我們迅速從整體上把握一篇完型文章提供了非常便利條件。總分對照結(jié)構(gòu)是由總述部分和分述部分構(gòu)成，總述是對分述的總結(jié)和概括，而分述是對總述的展開和祥述，兩者之間有著明確的互相支持，互相印證的對照關(guān)系。舉例：分析2006年考研英語完型填空文章的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.__1__,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly_____2____.Tohelphomelesspeople_____3___independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,_____4_____theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing._____5____everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates____6__anywherefrom600,000to3million._____7__thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis_____8____.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies_____9__thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto__10__thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.___11__whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda___12__thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday__13__thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,____14____notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday__15__skillsneededtoturntheirlives_____16__.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17___programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless._____18__EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts12．[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house13．[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance舉例：分析2003年考研英語完型填空文章的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious

21

tohowtheycanbebest22suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand

23

,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.

24

theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe

25

thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare

26

byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe

27

toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,

28

,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,

29

studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide

30

opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful

31

dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe

32

ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult

33

visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave34attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized

35

participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto

36

elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants37

.thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustaccept

irresponsibility.

38

theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby

39

forrolesthatarewithintheir

40

andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.22.A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance

25.A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance

26.A.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassed

27.A.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wise完型文章的布局結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律也決定了完型文章往往表現(xiàn)出以下的特點：▇緊扣主題—（無關(guān)詞排除法）▇內(nèi)在一致—（同現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)）▇前后呼應(yīng)—（復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)）無關(guān)詞排除法（與主旨相關(guān)解題法）例題：2006年12、13、15題ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.__1__,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly_____2____.Tohelphomelesspeople_____3___independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,_____4_____theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing._____5____everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates____6__anywherefrom600,000to3million._____7__thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis_____8____.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies_____9__thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto__10__thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.___11__whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda___12__thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday__13__thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,____14____notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday__15__skillsneededtoturntheirlives_____16__.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17___programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless._____18__EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts12．[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house13．[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance同現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法（與主旨導(dǎo)向一致解題法）說明：同現(xiàn)就是完型文章的上下文中分布的一組具有相同傾向性的詞語，這些詞語所表現(xiàn)的傾向性往往與中心主線中的導(dǎo)向要一致，或者說這些同現(xiàn)詞語的任務(wù)就是對文章的導(dǎo)向進行展開支持。因此，文章的整體導(dǎo)向這個已知線索可以成為解出這些同現(xiàn)詞語的關(guān)鍵信息。例題：1995年真題43題“Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.（41Neither）kindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepis42toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmore43.”(A)subtle(B)obvious(C)mysterious(D)doubtful例題:1998年完型真題46題“UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe42man.Buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44oftheEnglishpopulation.45contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla46agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.”46.A)broadlyB)thoroughlyC)generallyD)completely例題:2007年完型真題By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million__1__ofthesenationslooked__2_(hopefully)_tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberiancolonialism,manyoftheleadersoftheindependence__3__theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers__4__totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the__5__toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.__6__therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya__7__setoflaws.Ontheissueof__8__ofreligionandpositionofChurch,__9__,therewaslessagreement__10__theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone__11__bytheSpanishcrown.__12__mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism__13__theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe__14__ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying__15__fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad__16__inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s__17__colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch__18__becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies__19__.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas__20__self-ruleanddemocracy.20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedfor復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法說明：復(fù)現(xiàn)是完型文章中詞匯的一種呼應(yīng)銜接手段，即表達相同意思的詞匯在文章的不同地方出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)可以是相同的詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)（原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)），也可以是用不同的詞表達相同的意思（近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）。復(fù)現(xiàn)的解題意義在于：如果判斷出一個未知填空與上下文的那些已知詞匯有復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，只要從選項中選出與那些詞匯同樣意義的就是正確答案。同現(xiàn)呼應(yīng)–呼應(yīng)的這些詞傾向、導(dǎo)向一致復(fù)現(xiàn)呼應(yīng)–呼應(yīng)的這些詞大體是一個意思原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)兩種常見的復(fù)現(xiàn)呼應(yīng)近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)例子：2001年完型真題“Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepress.LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.”例題：1995年真題的43題Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.41kindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepis42toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmore43.Thenewexperiments,suchasthese44forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanations45ofnon-REMsleep.Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleep46is100percentfataltorats,yet,47examinationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnow48themysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Therats49bacterialinfectionsoftheblood,50theirimmunesystems--theself-protectingmechanismagainstdisease--hadcrashed.43(A)subtle(B)obvious(C)mysterious(D)doubtful例題：1995年真題的45題Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.41kindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepis42toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmore43.Thenewexperiments,suchasthese44forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanations45ofnon-REMsleep.45.(A)inthelight(B)byvirtue(C)withtheexception(D)forthepurpose例題：2006年真題第8題ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.__1__,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly___2____.Tohelphomelesspeople___3___independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,_____4_____theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.___5__everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates____6__anywherefrom600,000to3million.___7__thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis___8___.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies_____9__thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.8.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing[D]extending總分結(jié)構(gòu)對照法（出現(xiàn)在總述句中的填空）說明:由于總分之間的基本關(guān)系是互相支持，互相印證的對照關(guān)系，而且總述是對分述的總結(jié)和概括，而分述是對總述的展開。當(dāng)一些未知填空(往往是實詞)出現(xiàn)在總述句時，解出這些填空的相關(guān)聯(lián)已知線索往往可以在與其對應(yīng)的分述部分找到。例題：2003年真題22題Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious21tohowtheycanbebest22suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand23,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.24theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe25thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare26byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe27toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,28,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,29studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide30opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful31dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe32ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult33visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave34attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized35participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto36elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants37.thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.38theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby39forrolesthatarewithintheir40andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.22.A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance

例題:2004年完型真題29題“Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly(29)____juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat(30)____tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment(31)____makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin(32)____leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.”29.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]chock[D]reflect

例題:2006年完型真題29題ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.__1__,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly___2___.Tohelphomelesspeople___3___independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,___4___theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.____5____everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates___6__anywherefrom600,000to3million.__7__thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis_____8____.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies_____9__thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto__10__thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.___11__whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda__12__thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday__13__thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,__14__notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday__15__skillsneededtoturntheirlives__16__.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17__programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.___18__EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,__19__it,"Therehastobe__20__ofprograms.Whatweneed10.[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss例題:2007年完型真題By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million__1__ofthesenationslooked__2__tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberiancolonialism,manyoftheleadersoftheindependence__3__theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers__4__totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the__5__toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.__6__therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya__7__setoflaws.Ontheissueof__8__ofreligionandpositionofChurch,__9__,therewaslessagreement__10__theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone__11__bytheSpanishcrown.__12__mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism__13__theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe__14__ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying__15__fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad__16__inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s__17__colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch__18__becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies__19__.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas__20__self-ruleanddemocracy.2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully對應(yīng)成分分析法例題：1996年完型45題Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,41dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor42foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif43ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes44.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements-usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45nitrogen.Theyaredifferent46theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin47oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.48enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor49vitamins.Manypeople,50,believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody'svitaminneeds.45.(A)mostly(B)partially(C)sometimes(D)rarelyusually+carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45+nitrogen頻度副詞三種構(gòu)成維生素的成分副詞另外一種構(gòu)成維生素的成分對應(yīng)關(guān)系對應(yīng)關(guān)系對應(yīng)成分分析法說明：由于完型文章的上下文之間，以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，從而句子的各個成分之間往往形成一定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，考生可以根據(jù)這種對應(yīng)關(guān)系找出與未知填空相對應(yīng)已知成分作為線索，通過對應(yīng)的已知成分從而推斷出未知填空的答案。（1）應(yīng)用于句子內(nèi)部例題：2003年完型37題Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave34attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized35participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto36elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants37.thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.38theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby39forrolesthatarewithintheir40andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.37.A.offB.downC.outD.alone

（2）應(yīng)用于上下句之間例題：1996年完型第46題“Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements-usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45nitrogen.Theyaredifferent46theirelementsarearrangeddifferently”46.(A)inthat(B)sothat(C)suchthat(D)exceptthatVitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelementsThey（指代Vitamins）aredifferent46theirelementsarearrangeddifferently例題：1996年完型第49題48enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor49vitamins.”49.(A)exceptional(B)exceeding(C)excess(D)external分析如下：本題需要選出一個修飾vitamins的形容詞，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)前邊的從句中也有一個修飾vitamins的形容詞enough，而且前后兩句有著明確的邏輯關(guān)系—讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的主從句。enoughvitamins+essentialtolife（好）讓步轉(zhuǎn)折對立對立49vitamins+nonutritionaluse（不好）通過上述分析，可以非常明確地看出49題與上句中的enough形成對應(yīng)成份，而且兩者為對立的關(guān)系，所以本題的答案就是去4個選項中找一個enough對立的選項即可，(C)excess是enough的對立選項，故為正確答案。關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)法說明：關(guān)聯(lián)是完型文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，即將兩個或兩個以上的同類別詞語，比如兩個動詞、兩個形容詞，以連續(xù)排比性的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)。在這種情況下，兩個關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯在句子中的語法地位一樣，且常常起一樣的語法作用，之間又明顯具有某種邏輯關(guān)系。關(guān)聯(lián)的解題意義在于：出題人一般會將一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞語設(shè)置成已知信息，另一個是未知的，這樣那個已知的詞語成為破解未知詞語的關(guān)鍵線索，而且關(guān)聯(lián)成分之間是高度相近的成分。例題：1999年完型真題的42題“Companies（41with）lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem42andactive.”［A］alive［B］vivid［C］mobile［D］diverse例題：2003年真題23題“Growingbodiesneedmovementand23,”23.A.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisure

時間、數(shù)字線索法例題：2002年完型試題的第30題“Itisgenerallyrecognized,(29however),thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess”［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterizedtheinventionoftheintegratedcircuit時間：theinventionoftheintegratedcircuit時間：1960s（20世紀(jì)中后期）theintroductionofthecomputer時間：early20thcenturyfollowedby早出現(xiàn)晚出現(xiàn)例題：1998年完型試題的43題“Buttheyinsistedthatits（指工業(yè)革命）43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44oftheEnglishpopulation.43.A)momentaryB)promptC)instantD)immediate完型中考察邏輯關(guān)系的填空–邏輯關(guān)系定位法例題：1994年完型填空46題Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis41theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof42breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords43ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44unfavorablereactionsinthelistener45interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.46,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake47difficultforthelistenertounderstandthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.46.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.PreliminarilyD.Unexpectedly基礎(chǔ)知識-完型文章中常見的10大類邏輯關(guān)系并列關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語and,andalso,or,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,same……as;遞進關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語also,then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore;indeed;因果關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…..that,such…..that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,lest,asaresult,forthisreason;轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語but,however,yet,contrarily,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately;讓步關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語although,though,eventhough,evenif,even,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof;regardlessof;anyway,anyhow列舉（順序）關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語first\second\lastofall,inthefirstplace\inthesecondplace\finally,tobeginwith\tocontinue,first……then,ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers;對比關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語while,whereas,as,/ratherthan,insteadof,not…..but;時間關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語when,whenever,before,after,since,as,while,until,till,simultaneously,meanwhile,inthemeantime,atthesametime;條件關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語if,onlyif,ifonly,unless,otherwise,assoonas,aslongas,incase,supposethat,supposingthat,providedthat,providingthat,when,whenever,with;舉例關(guān)系&部分常用標(biāo)志詞和短語suchas,forexamp