過去分詞的用法

過去分詞的用法過去分詞作表語Sheisinterestedintheinterestingbook.過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語既可以放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可以放在所修飾的詞后面，作后置定語。其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。例如：Wherearethereservedseats?(=Wherearetheseatswhichhavebeenreserved?)預(yù)定的座位在哪里?區(qū)別：Thisisapressingproblem.(=Thisisaproblemwhichispressing.)這是一個(gè)緊迫的問題。過去分詞作后置定語可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號與其所修飾的中心詞分開)兩種，其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。例如：Thefundsraised(=whichhavebeenraised)aremainlyusedforhelpingthehomeless.籌集的資金主要用來幫助那些無家可歸的人。區(qū)別：Therearemanystudentswaiting(=whoarewaiting)togetexamined.有許多學(xué)生在等待檢查。Thisbook，written(=whichiswritten)insimpleEnglish，issuitableforbeginners.本書是用淺顯的英語寫的，適合初學(xué)者。過去分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語。例如：Thenewly-builtbuildingisourofficebuilding.這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓。區(qū)別：Theflower-carryinggirlmustbewaitingforsomeone.那位手持鮮花的姑娘一定在等人。有些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去過去分詞作定語，并不表示被動(dòng)而是表示完成。常作前置修飾語。例如：Therearealotoffallenleavesinautumn.秋天有許多落葉。Thefilmdescribesthestoryaboutthepolicewhopursueanescapedman這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的這一類詞有：fallen，faded，returned，retired，risen，grownup，vanished等。過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語跟過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：catch，haveget，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，want，start，notice，observe，watch，set等。例如：Whentheyreturnedhomefromtheholiday，theyfoundtheirhousestolen.Wewantthisworkfinishedquickly.我們要求這項(xiàng)工作很快完成。在復(fù)合賓語中，用現(xiàn)在過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說明賓語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過去過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例如：Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn'tmakehimselfheard.由于十分吵鬧，講話人沒法讓人聽到他的聲音。Whenheawoke，hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.他醒來的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他。過去分詞作狀語過去分詞或過去分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨狀況。通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句；表示方式或伴隨狀況的可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語從句。例如：Confinedtobed(=Becauseshewasconfinedtobed)，sheneededtobewaitedonineverything.她臥病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。(作原因狀語)區(qū)別：Havingonlybookknowledge(=Ifyouonlyhavebookknowledge)，youwillnotbeabletoworkwell.如果只有書本知識，你就不可能做好工作。(作條件狀語)Theystoodthere，waitingforthebus.(=Theystoodthereandwaitedforthebus.)(作伴隨狀語)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的用法比較不管是現(xiàn)在過去分詞還是過去過去分詞作狀語，如果單獨(dú)作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致。過去分詞作狀語通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語從句，如果狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用過去過去分詞；如果狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在過去分詞。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，過去分詞前可帶連詞when，while，if，though，asif，unless等一起作狀語，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：Defeated（=Thoughhewasdefeated），heremainedapopularboxer.雖然他被擊敗了，但他仍然是一個(gè)受人喜愛的拳擊手。區(qū)別：Workinghard（Ifyouworkhard），youwillsucceed.如果你努力，你會成功的。過去分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)1）過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，要特別注意其邏輯主語必須和謂語動(dòng)詞的主語一致。否則，過去分詞必須有自己的主語，這種帶主語的過去分詞被稱為過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。在句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。例如：Theprojectfinished，theyhadatwoweeks'leave.完成那個(gè)計(jì)劃后，他們休了兩周假。Hebeingabsent，nothingcouldbedone.由于他缺席，什么事也沒法干。2）獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可以用“with/without+名詞（或代詞的賓語）+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示伴隨狀況。例如：Theysattheresilently，（with）theireyesfixedonthelake.他們靜靜地坐在那里，眼睛看著湖面。區(qū)別：Withhimhelpingme，Ifeltlucky.有他的幫助，我感到很幸運(yùn)。溫馨提示：非謂語動(dòng)詞解題三大步驟：辨別“謂語與非謂語”；找邏輯主語；分析時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一、選擇1.Theproblemjustisanimportantone.A.tobereferredtoB.referredtoC.referringtoD.referred2.Thewaterinthisglassistoohot.Iprefersomecoldwater.A.toboilB.havingboiledC.boiledD.boiling3.Thestorywassothatallofusweretotears.A.moving;movingB.moved;movedC.moved;movingD.moving;moved4.Shewasverygladtoseeherchildwell.A.takecareofB.takencareofC.totakecareofD.takingcareof5.Hehadhisleg—inthefootballmatchyesterday.A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.breaking6.Withthejob_,theywenttothecinema.A.doingB.doC.todoD.done7.Withtheboy—theway,thesoldiersmanagedtowalkthroughtheforest.A.toleadB.ledC.leadingD.tobeleading8.Thecaptainplacedtheflagovertheboy,_onlyhisfaceuncovered.A.leftB.beleftC.tobeleftD.leavingmanytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhewastoldahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.ahotday.W^’dbettergoswimming.A、beingB.tobeC.ItwasD.Itbeing二、填空Hetoldmeaboutthethings(discuss)atthemeeting.2.Ifoundmydaughterquite(interest)indrawing.(enter)thetheatre,Isawhimseatedinthefirstrow.Istillremember(take)totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.(bring)upbyhisgrandparents,Jimmywasn'tusedtolivingwithhisparents.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem(feel)easyinhisclasses.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood(breathe)Hewasbusywritingastory,only(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot(tire)fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.Wealllookforwardto(hear)fromyousoon.Don'tkeepus(wait)forlong.三、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(1)(turn)totheleft,andyou'llseethebusstop.(2)(turn)totheleft,you'llseethebusstop.(1)Ashe(be)anengineer,heknewhowtorunthemachine.(2)(be)anengineer,heknewhowtorunthemachine.(1)Weather(permit),we'llgoandpayavisittoyourschool.(2)Ifweather(permit),we'llgoandpayavisittoyourschool.(1)Wedon'tallow(smoke)intheofficebecauseofthepublichealth.(2)Wedon'tallowanyone(smoke)intheofficebecauseofthepublichealth.(1)The(frown)girlwasdeeplypuzzledbythequestion.(2)Thegirlwho(frown)wasdeeplypuzzledbythequestion.6.(1)(succeed)inthetournament,hestillfeelsunsatisfied.(2)Thoughhe(succeed)inthetournament,hestillfeelsunsatisfied.四、語法填空Onceuponatime,therewasaboywhousedtoexplorejungleforfun.Itwashisdailyroutine1__(walk)aroundthejungle.Oneday,whenwalkingthroughthejungle,hesawathirstyoldmanwhoaskedforsomewater.Theboywantedtohelphim,buthehadnowater,sohemovedon.Whileleaving,heimagined2__(get)somewaterfortheoldman.Movingfurther,hesawahungryoldwoman__3__(beg)forfood.Shewassoweakthatshecouldn’tevenstandonherfeet.Theboylookedeverywherenearby,butcouldn’tfindanyfood4__(give)toher,sohemovedonagain.5(feel)veryguilty,theboywentdeepinsidethejunglewherehesawafamilywhoneedsomematchestolightafire.Theboyhappenedtohave6__(collect)somematchesthatmorning.7__(offer)hismatches,hehelpedthefamilypreparefoodfortheirfamilymembers.Inreturn,thefamilyofferedhimsomefoodandwater__8__(take)backwithhim.Theboyhappilyacceptedthefoodandwater,andhurriedbacktotheoldmanandwoman.Boththeoldmanandwomanweresurprisedtoseetheboy__9(carry)