2020年職稱英語綜合類A級(jí)真題及答案

2020年職稱英語綜合類A級(jí)真題及答案第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1?15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。Itwasunfortunatethatshehaderasedthemessage.AheardofBrubbedoutClookedatDspokenoutHecamebackhome,wearyandfatigued.AexhaustedBscaredCworriedDfrightenedThewomanlivingnextdoorisextremelyslender.AslimBtallCweakDpaleYouraccusationiswhollywithoutfoundation.AalmostBprobablyCevidentlyDcompletelyHewasobsessedwithAmericanhorrormovies.AkeptthinkingaboutBtookadvantageofCpaidnoattentiontoDcarednothingaboutIhavetoapologizeformyabruptdepartureyesterday.AlateBsuddenCunfriendlyDuntoldIthinkshemadeablunderbyannouncingitaheadoftime.AdecisionBmistakeCpromiseDplanSomeastronomerscontendthattheuniversemaybeyoungerthanpreviouslybelievedApredictBthinkCsuggestDargueMyroomisreallyverycosy.AcoolBcoldCcleanDcomfortableSheisalovelyandgraciouswoman.AcuriousBcourteousCquietDshyHenevergrumbledaboutworkingovertime.AcomplainedBtalkedCwroteDspokeShehuggedmelikeanoldfriendandinvitedmetodinnerthenextday.AheldBembracedCkissedDpattedDifferenthypotheseshavebeenputforwardtoexplainwhyUFOsexist.AsentencesBcommentsCtheoriesDconclusionsImustapologizeformyoutrageousbehavior.AcourageousBangryCgreedyDgloriousTostartwith,weneedtodecidewhowillpresideoverthemeeting.AattendBcelebrateCchairDprepare第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16?22題，每題l分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是準(zhǔn)確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。Cities“WorsetoliveinThan20Yearsago”O(jiān)nethousandpeopleweresurveyedaboutarangedofissuewhichaffectcities,andtheremarkablefindingsshowthatlifeintoday'smega-citiesissostressfulthatatleasttwo-thirdsofthosecurrentlylivinginbigcitieswouldliketorelocatetothecountrysideorasmalltown.ThestressofthegettingfromAtoBinbigcitiesisatthetopofthelistofproblems.Formanypeople,thedailycommute（通勤）toworkisasourceoffrustration.40%ofthepeopleinthesurveyhavesufferedfromroadragewhilestuckintrafficonthewaytowork.Thecostofpublictransportisalsoaseriousproblem.Manypeoplethinkthepriceofundergroundandbustravelistoohighandthattheyhavetodevotemorethan10%oftheirsalarytotransportcosts.Thegeneralcostoflivingincitiesisanotherproblem.Thehighpropertypricesinmostbigcitiesputbuyingapropertyoutofreachofmostfirst-timebuyers.Manyyoungpeoplearepricedoutofthehousingmarket,andhavetotakeinlodgerstomakeendsmeet,orrentover-pricedflatsmilesawayfromthecitycentre.InLondon,forinstance,thepriceofbuyingevenaone-bedroomflatissoprohibitivethatmanyhavegivenupevenconsideringputtingmoneyasideforadeposit.Anotherissuefacingpeoplewholiveincitiesisrisingcrime.Crimerateshaverocketedinmanybigcities,andmanysaythereareseveraldangerousno-goareasintheircity.Fearofcrimeisontheincrease-streetcrimes,suchasmuggingandassault,arenowverycommon-andmanyareafraidofgoingoutatnightalone.Manywerealsoconcernedbythelackofgreenspacesandplayfacilitiesforchildren.Mostmajorconurbations（有衛(wèi)星城的大都市）surveyedhaveafarsmallernumberofparksandgardensthanagenerationago.Planningpermissionseemstohavebeengivenforanever-greaternumberofsupermarkets,officedevelopmentsandapartmentsonsiteswheretherewerepreviouslygreenspaces.Manyoftherespondentsinthesurveysaidtheyfeltstressedandsuffocated（窒息）inthecity,aproblemwhichiscompoundedbypollution.Andfinally,themajorityofpeopleinthesurveywerefedupwiththeconstantnoisepollution-theroaroftraffic,thesoundofloudmusicblaring（發(fā)刺耳聲）outofaneighbour'swindow,andtheconstantsoundofactivity.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatthelevelsofstress-relatedillnessesamongpeoplewholiveincitiesarehigherthaneverbefore.Bigcities,onceamecca（朝拜的地方）forambitiouspeopleseekingfameandfortune,arenowlessandlesspopularamongpeopleofallages.Perhapsthe21stcenturyissettobethecenturyofthesmalltownandthecountryside.Mostpeopleinthesurveywholiveinbigcitieswouldliketomovesomewheresmaller.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedManypeopleinthesurveythinkpublictransportisreasonablypriced.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedItisdifficulttobuyaflatinLondonbecauseofthecost.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedThecrimeratehasremainedstableinrecentyears..ARightBWrongCNotmentionedTherearefewergreenareasincitiesthanthereusedtobe.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedLondonhashadsomesuccessinreducingpollution.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedNoisepollutionisseenasabigproblembymostpeopleinthesurvey.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23-30題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有兩項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中未第2~5段每段選擇1個(gè)標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)選項(xiàng)。TeachingIs“OneoftheLeastPopularJobsintheUK”TheUKgovernmenthasjustpublishedareportonthefutureofsecondary-schoolteaching(pupilsaged11~16),andtheconclusionofthereportisthatmanysecondaryschoolsnowfacegreatdifficultiesinfindingpeoplewhowanttobeteachers.Sincethe1980s,thenumberofgraduateswhosaytheywould“seriouslyconsider”teachingasacareerhasfallensharply,from64%in1982tojust17%today.Thereportsuggeststhaturgentactionneedstobetakeninordertoencouragemoreintelligentyounggraduatesintoteaching.Themaindrawbackofsecondaryteaching,accordingtothereport,isthelowsalary.Earningsinteachingaremuchlowerthaninmanyotherjobs,andthismeansthatfewerandfeweryoungpeopledecidetobeteachers.JoanneManners,24isagoodexample.“Igraduatedinmathslastyear,andIwasthinkingofdoingateachertrainingcoursetobecomeamathsteacher—butwhenIlookedintothedetails,itbecameclearthatteachingisn'taverylucrative(賺錢的)jobthesedays.IsawIcouldearntwiceasmuchifIworkedinmarketingoradvertising,andsoIdecidednottobecomeateacher.”It'snotjustaboutthemoney,however.Thesurveyconcludedthatanotherreasonwhypeopledon'twanttobeteachersisthatsometeenagersbehaveverybadlyinschool.Alotofschoolshaveproblemswithdiscipline,anditseemsclearthatchildrendonothavethesamerespectforteachersasinthepast.Here'stheviewofDaveHallam,anaccountantfromLondon：”Ithinkparentsaretoblame.Theyshouldhavestricterruleswiththeirchildrenathomeandalsoteachtheirchildrentohavemorerespectforteachers.”“Itmakesmefeelsoproud.”SaysBrianJones,whoworksinasecondaryschoolinLondon.Sowhatdoeshethinkthegovernmentshoulddotoencouragemorepeopletobecometeachers?”“Myviewisthatthegovernmentshouldreducetheburdenofworkonteachers.IfindthatIalwayshavetoomuchworktodo.”Thereportisclearthattheproblemofteachershortageisaveryseriousone.Itsaysthatthegovernmentshouldraiseteachers'paysignificantly,tocatchupwithworkersinotherprofessions.Italsosuggeststhatthegovernmentcouldlaunchanationwidepublicitycampaign,withsomeadvertisementsonTVandinthenewspapers,toshowthepositivesidesofteachingtoyoungpeople.Anothersolutioncouldbesetamaximumnumberofhoursperweekthatteacherscanwork,inordertoreducestressonteachers.“Hopefully,”thereportconcludes,“thesesolutionscanimprovethepoorimageofsecondaryteaching,andincreasethenumberofyoungpeoplewhowanttobecometeachersinthefuture.【題干】Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4【選項(xiàng)】A.HeavyworkloadonteachersImprovementofchildrenbehaviorAreportonteachershortageAnationwidepublicitycampaignTheproblemoflowsalaryStudents'badbehaviorandlackofdiscipline【題干】TOC\o"1-5"\h\zMoreandmoreyoungpeopleareheldbackfromteaching.ParentsareencouragedtobacktheteacherupwhenthereareThegovernmentshouldreducetheworkloadonteacherstoease.Thegovernmentshouldpromoteteachingasacareerbyadvertising.【選項(xiàng)】theirstressTheirchildhoodmemoriesdisciplineproblemsbecauseofitslowpaymoretrainingbenefits第4部分閱讀理解（第31-45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)選項(xiàng)。What'sKillingtheBats?Firstitwasbees.Nowitisbats.BiologistsinAmericaareworkinghardtodiscoverthecauseofthemysteriousdeathsoftensofthousandsofbatsinthenortheasternpartofthecountry.Mostofthebatsaffectedarethecommonlittlebrownbats（M/otisLucifugus）,butotherspecies,suchasthelong-earedbat,thesmall-footedbat,theeasternpipistrelle,andtheIndianabathavealsobeenaffected.Insomecaves,morethan90percentofthebatpopulationshavedied.Onepossibilityisdisease.Awhitefungus（真菌）knownasfusariumhasbeenfoundonthenosesofbothlivinganddeadbats.However,scientistsdon'tknowifthefungusistheprimarycauseofdeath,asecondarycauseofdeath,ornotacauseatall,buttheresultofsomeotherconditions.Anotherpossiblecauseisalackoffood.Forexample,batstypicallyeatalargenumberofmoths（蛾）,andinsomestatessuchasNewYork,thenumberofmothshasbeendeclininginrecentyears.Ifbatscan'teatenoughfood,theystarvetodeath.tillotherscientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingistoblame.Warmertemperaturesinrecentyearshavebeenwakinguphibernating（冬眠）batsearlierthanusual.Ifbatsbreaktheirhibernationatthewrongtime,theymightnotfindtheirexpectedfoodsources.Theweathermightalsoturncoldagainandweakenorkillthebats.Scientistsmightnotagreeonthecausesofthebatdie-off,buttheydoagreeontheconsequences.Batsareanimportantpredatorofmosquitoes;asinglebrownbatcaneatl,000ormoreinsectsinanhour.Theyalsoeatbeetlesandotherinsectsthatdamageplantcrops.Iftherearen'tenoughbats,damagewillbegreatfromtheinsectstheyeat.Whilebatslivealongtimefortheirsize-thelittlebrownbatcanliveformorethan30years-afemalebathasonlyonebabyperyear,sobatpopulationsgrowslowly.ManybatspeciesintheUnitedStatesarealreadyprotectedorendangered.Howcanyouhelp?DonotdisturbsleepingornestingbatsIfyoudiscoverbatsthatseemtobesickorthataredead,contactyourlocalFish&WildlifeDepartmentwiththedetails.However,becarefulnottotouchtheanimals.31Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?AAllspeciesofbatsinNorthAmericaaredying.BScientistsalreadyknowthecauseofthedeathsofbatsCTherearemanypossiblecausesofthedeathsofbats.DThebatdeathsareaseriousproblem.32WhatdoesthefirstsentenceinParagraphlmean?AThefirstarticleonthewebsiteisaboutbees.BBeesusuallydiebeforebats.CItwasbeesthatcausedthedeathsofbats.DBeeshavebeendyingmysteriously.33.Theword"pipistrelle"inParagraphlreferstoAakindoffungus.BanareaintheU.SCakindofbat.Daspecialcave.34.The"moths"inParagraph3aretakenasanexampleofAinsectsthatbatseat.Bdiseasesthatkillbats.Canimalsthathavediseases.DbatspeciesthatarestarvingtodeathWhatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?ATotellthepublichowtohelpbats.BTogetpeopletostopkillingbats.CTohireworkersfortheFish&WildlifeDepartmentDToaskpeoplenottotouchdeadbats.第二篇IsThereaWaytoKeepBritain'sEconomyGrowing?Intoday'sknowledgeeconomy,nationsdesignelectronicswhiletheGermansexportsurviveonthethingstheydobest.TheJapaneseengineeringtechniques.TheFrenchservethebestfoodandAmericansmakecomputers.Britainspecializesinthegiftoftalking.Thenationdoesn'tmanufacturemuchofanything.Butithaslawyers,stylistsandbusinessconsultantswhoearntheirlivingfromtalk,talkandmoretalk.TheWorldFoundationthinktanksaystheUKsfouriconic（標(biāo)志性的）jobstodayarenotscientists,engineers,teachersandnurses.Instead,they'rehairdressers,celebrities,managementconsultantsandmanagers.ButcanallthistalkingkeeptheBritisheconomygoing?TheBritishgovernmentthinksitcan.Althoughthecountry'stradedeficitwasmorethan$60billionin2006,UK'slargestinthepostwarperiod,officialssaythecountryhasnothingtoworryabout.Infact,Britaindoeshaveaworld-classpharmaceutical(制藥lyj)industry,anditstillmakesasmallsumfromsellingarmsabroad.Italsotradesservices-accountancy,insurance,bankingandadvertising.ThegovernmentbelievesBritainisonthecuttingedgeoftheknowledgeeconomy.Afterall,thecountryofShakespeareandWordsworthhasaliterarytraditionofwhichtobeproud.Rock'n'rollisanEnglishmadebytheircutting-edgebands.InotherstrengthtocarrytheBritisheconomy.However,creativeindustriesaccountforonlyabout4percentofUK'sexportsofgoodsandservices.Theindustriesarefindingithardtomakeaprofit,accordingtoareportoftheNationalEndowmentforScience,TechnologyandtheArts.Thereportshowsonly38percentofBritishcompanieswereengagedin"innovationactivities",3percentagepointsbelowtheEUaverageandwellbelowGermany(61percent)andSweden(47percent).Infact,itmightbebettertocallBritaina"servant"economy-thereareatleast4millionpeople"inservice".Themajorityofthepopulationareemployedbytherichtocook)clean,andtakecareoftheirchildren.Manygraduatesareevendoingmenial(體力勞動(dòng)的)jobsforwhichtheydonotneedadegree.Mostemploymentgrowthhasbeen,andwillcontinuetobe,atthelow-skillendoftheservicesector-inshops,bars,hotels,domesticserviceandinnursingandcarehomes.AccordingtotheWorldFoundationthinktank,oneoftheiconicjobsinBritaintodayisAlawmakers.Bhomeservants.Cschoolteachers.Dbusinessconsultants.Thephrase"thecuttingedge"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningtoAthemostadvanced.Bthemostpopular.Cthemostpolitical.Dtheproudest.Theofficialsarenotworriedaboutthetradedeficitin2006,becausetheybelieveABritainishometothelargestpharmaceuticalindustryintheworld.BBritainisonthecuttingedgeoftheknowledgeeconomyCtheliterarytraditionofBritainwillhelpmakebillionsofpounds.DtheworldeconomyisstrongenoughtocarrytheBritisheconomy.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecreativeindustriesinBritain?ATheycontributealottothecountry'stradedeficit.BTheyarenotdoingaswellasthoseinotherEuropeannations.CTheycan'tmakeaprofitoutoftheirinnovationactivities.DTheymakeBritainonthecuttingedgeoftheknowledgeeconomy.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAthegiftoftalkingcankeeptheBritisheconomygrowing.BtheBritishgovernmentisover-confidentinitseconomyCtheBritisheconomyistheleastinnovativeoneintheEU.DbeingaservanttotherichisoneofthebestjobsinBritain.TheSandwichGenerationTodaypeopleoftenlookforwardtotheirmiddleageasatimewhentheywillbeabletotakethingseasier.Aftertheirchildrenaregrown,theyexpecttoenjoythelifetheyhaveworkedhardtocreate.However,therealityisoftenverydifferent.Inmiddleage,manypeoplediscoverthattheyhavetwoongoingresponsibilities：oneistolookaftertheiragingparents,andtheotheristohelptheiryoungadultchildrendealwiththepressuresoflife.Aroundtheworld,therearemillionsofpeoplewhoare"sandwiched"inbetweentheolderandtheyoungergenerationsSometimestheremaybetwoorthreegenerationslivinginthesamehousehold-asituationthatiscommoninmanyAsiancountriesandinsomepartsofEurope.Inothercases,acouplemaybetakingcareofparentsandchildren,buttheydonotlivewiththem.Therearetwoimportantreasonsfortheriseofthesandwichgeneration.First,peoplearelivinglongerthantheyusedto.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theaveragelifeexpectancyforadultsintheUnitedStates,forexample,wasabout40,whereastodaypeoplelivetoanaverageageof75.Therefore,childrenaretakingcareoftheirparentsoveralongerperiodoftime.Thesecondreasonisthatthesedays,youngadultsoftenlivewiththeirparentsforalongertimethantheydidinthepast.Thisisoftenforfinancialreasons.lt'salsomorecommonfortoday'syoungadultstoreturnhomeduringoraftercollegeiftheyneedfinancialoremotionalsupport.Youngadultsfeelsandwichedbetweentheirfinancialresponsibilitiesandtheirdesiretoenjoylife.Theymayhavetocoverexpensesthattheirparentscannot.Theymayhavetomanagetheirparents'financialandlegalaffairs.Theymayhavetopreparefortheirparents'futureneeds,suchasspecialfinancialcareoramovetoanursinghome.Thiscanbeatraumatic（長期困擾的）experienceforeveryone.CaringforadultchildrenpresentschaIlengesaswell,andcaregivershavetoresolveimportantquestions：Howcanfinancialresponsibilitiesbesharedamongmembersofthehousehold?Howcanhouse*holdchoresbeshared?Whatisthebestwaytoensureeveryone'sprivacy?Successfullycopyingwiththeseissuescanavoidalotofstressforthewholefamily.Thefinancialandemotionalpressuresonthesandwichgenerationcanbeoverwhelming.However,thistimeinlifealsohasitsrewards.Itcanbeatimetorediscoverthespecialqualitiesofone'sparentsorchildren.Itcanalsoprovideavaluableopportunitytospendmoretimewiththem.However,inordertosurvivethisdifficultperiodintheirlives,themembersofthesandwichgenerationmustrememberthattheyalsoneedtopayattentiontotheirownneedsandlookafterthequalityoftheirownlives.Theycan'tbetotallyselfless.Accordingtothefirstpa'ta4graph,manypeopleinmiddleageAareabletotakethingseasierwhentheirchildrenaregrown.Bcan'tenjoytheirlifebecausetheyhaven'tworkedhardenough.Carefacinggreatpressurefromtheirwork.Dcan'tenjoytheirlifeastheyhaveexpectedWhichistrueaboutthesandwichgeneration?ATheirparentsareunabletotakecareofthemselves.BTheirparentsareoftenfacingthepressuresoflife.CTheyaretorn-betweentheresponsibilitiesfortheirparentsandchildren.DTheyallhavetolivewiththeirparentsandchildren.Whydosomeyoungadultschoosetolivewiththeirparentsthesedays?ATheyaretooyoungtobeindependentfromtheirparentsBTheyneedsupportfromtheirparentstodeallwiththeirfinancialproblems.CTheywanttohelptheirparentstotakecareoftheirgrandparents.DTheyaremoreemotionalthantheyoungadultsinthepast.Thesandwichgenerationfacethek;：4llowtngchallengesEXCEPTAsharinghouseholdchores..Bensuringeveryone'sprivacy.CshoulderingthefinancialresponsibilitiesofthehouseholdDdeterminingwhoisthecaregiverofthefamily.Tosurvivethedifficultperiodintheirlives,thesandwichgenerationneedtoAbetotallyselfless.Bconsidertheirownwellbeing.Crediscoverthemeritsoftheirchildren.Dvaluethetimespentwiththeirparents.GorillashaveawordforitKokoisthefirstgorillatohavebeentaughtsignlanguage(awayofcommunicatingbyusinghandsandfingersratherthanspeech).Withavocabularyofmorethan1000words,sheisthefirsttoproveweshareaworldwithotherintelligentbeingswhofeelemotions,lookforwardtocelebrationsandalsohaveasenseofhumor.The30-yearstudyofKokohasredefinedscience'sconceptofgorillaintelligence.46.Butwhathadnotbeenrecognizedbythescientificcommunitywasthatgorillashavetheabilitytolearnalanguageandhavecomplexemotions.KokolivesintheSantaCruzmountainsinNorthAmerica,inawoodedspotoverlookingavalley.47.Shehasherownhome,withcurtains,andanestofblankets,whichisherbed,inonecorner.Shehasabarrelonwhichshelikestositwhen'talking'tohumans-gorillasfeelmoresecurewhentheycanlookdownonothers-whilehertoysarespreadeverywhere.Inadditionshehasanoutsideenclosurewhereshespendsherdayswhenitisnotraining.Itisherconversationswithherteacher,DrPennyPatterson,thatareinspiring.Pennyexplains：‘Therealityofmydiscoveryisthatourabilitiesashumans,ourskills,sensibilitiesandemotionsareverysimilartothegreatapes.48..WhenshebeganteachingKokosignlanguage,placingthelittlefingersoftheone-year-oldgorillaintothecorrectpositionsfor'drink','eat','more',andrewardingherwithfood,DrPattersonhadnoideahowquicklyKokowouldlearn.“Atfirst,itseemedKokowasusingsignlanguageasatooltogetsomething,”saysPatterson.'Itbecamethekindofrewardsystemthatyoucouldexpectofacatoradog.Butearlyinhertraining,shebegantocombinesignsthatmademethinkshewascapableofmore.'49.Forexample,shedidn'tknowthewordfor'ring',soshecombinedthesignsfor‘finger'and'bracelet'toexpressit.DrPattersoncontinues：‘Kokolovesbabiesandyoungpeople.Andwhensheisaskedwhatgorillaslikebest,shealwayssays"Gorillaloveeat,good''.'OneofPatterson'sfavoritestoriesdemonstratesKoko'ssenseofhumor.50..Fromtheageofthree,KokosharedheraccommodationwithMichaelwhowasintendedasamate.However,Michaeldiedsuddenlytwoyearsagoofaheartattack.‘KokowentintoadepressionfollowingMichael'sdeath,'saysPatterson.“Shewouldsitforhourswithherheadhunglowlookingupset.”DrPattersonaskedherifshewaslookingforwardtomovingtoHawaii,wherePattersonisraisingmoneytobuildagorillarefuge.Kokosigned“Yes”,providedshecouldhavecurtainsinhernewhome!Whenavisitoraskedhertoshowhimsomethingscary,sheheldupamirrortohisface!Whatwehavelearntisthatgorillasaremorecomplexthanweeverimaged.Accordingtosomescientists,geneticallythereisonlya2%differencebetweengorillasandhumans：wesharethesamebloodtype,havethesamenumberofhairspersquareinchandalsothesa