2020年英語中考歸納復習專題：非謂語動詞

【非謂語動詞】非謂語動詞是指在句中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分的動詞形式，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足語等，在句中起名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用。非謂語動詞包含三種形式：動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞（現在分詞和過去分詞）?！緞釉~不定式】1?動詞不定式的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，其否定形式為：notto+動詞原形。（要注意省略to的動詞不定式）2?動詞不定式的用法句法功能說明例句作、?語常用it作形式主語，真正的主語是后置的不定式。常用句型:Itis+adj.+（of/forsbjtodosth.Toswimhereisverydangerous?=ltisverydangeroustoswimhere?在這兒游泳很危險。作表語常位于be動詞之后。Myjobistocleanclassrooms.我的工作就是打掃教室。作賓語一般只作某些動詞的賓語。IdecidetogoonatriptoBeijing.我決定去北京旅游。作賓語補足語在使役動詞make,let和感官動詞hear,see,watch等后，省略不定式付號to。MymotherallowsmetowatchTVforawhileeverynight?我媽媽允許我每晚看一會兒電視。作定語常放在所修飾詞的后面，作后置定語。Doyouhaveanythingtodo?你有要做的事嗎？作狀語一般在句中作目的狀語、結果狀語和原因狀語。Wegetupearlyeverymorningtocatchtheearlybus?我們每天早上早起是為了趕上早班車。

與疑問詞(what,how,who,which,when.??)構成不定式短語在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。Ireallydon'knowwhattodonext.我真的不知道下一步該怎么辦。巧記口訣：常見的只跟不定式作賓語的動詞決定學會有希望(decide,learn,wish,hope,expect),同意計劃莫假裝(agree，plan,pretend),膽敢拒絕會失敗(dare，refuse，fail)，準備設法來幫忙(prepare,manage,help),提供請求負擔起(offer，beg，afford)，答應安排理應當(promise,arrange,besupposed),以上后跟不定式，勸君牢記永不忘?！究键c訓練1】1.Shevolunteersthereonceaweek(help)kidslearn(read).2?IfaSwiss(瑞士人)invitesyou(meet)himorheratnoon,thenyoureexpected(be)thereatnoon.3?Mybrotheralwaysrefuses(let)me(watch)myfavoriteTVshow?LilyplansTheAmazingRace(《極速前進》)tonight?()A?watchB?watchesC?towatchD?watching5?Ourteachertellsusinthestreetbecauseit'stoodangerous?()A?notplaysoccerB?nottoplaysoccerC?tonotplaysoccerD?notplayingsoccer答案：tohelptoreadtomeettobetoletwatchCB【動名詞】1?動名詞由動詞的-ing形式構成，其否定形式為：not+doing。2?動名詞的用法

句法功能說明例句作、?語單個動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。Playinggamestoomuchisbadforyourstudy?游戲玩得太多不利于你的學習。作賓語動詞賓語表示一般的習慣性行為或經常性的動作。IlikewatchingTVverymuch.我很喜歡看電視。介詞賓語要注意to在短語中作介詞的情況。Iamlookingforwardtomeetingher?我盼望著和她見面。作表語多數情況下，動名詞作表語可轉換為作主語。Yourtaskiscleaningthewi

ndows?=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask?你的任務就是擦窗戶。作定語只表明所修飾詞的用途等，位于所修飾詞之前。Iboughtanewwashingmachinelastmonth?我上個月買了一臺新洗衣機。巧記口訣：常見的只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語)喜歡不斷提建議(enjoy,keep,suggest),盼望習慣卻完畢(lookforwardto,beusedto,finish),想要花費去練習(feellike,spend,practice),忍俊不禁還介意（can'thelp,mind）,避免放棄不拖延（avoid,giveup,putoff）,忙于考慮很值得（bebusy,consider,beworth）,以上后跟動名詞，一定要注意（payattentionto）。要點提醒:有些動詞（短語）后既可跟不定式也可跟動名詞，但意義有很大不同。如stoptodosth?停下來去做某事stopdoingsth?停止做某事remembertodosth?記住要做某事（動作未發(fā)生）rememberdoingsth?記得做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）forgettodosth?忘記做某事（動作未發(fā)生）forgetdoingsth?忘記做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）trytodosth.努力去做某事trydoingsth.試著去做某事goontodosth?做完一件事,接著去做另外一件事goondoingsth?繼續(xù)不停地做某事meantodosth?打算、想做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事needtodosth.需要去做某事（主動意義）needdoingsth?需要(被動意義)【考點訓練2】1?Themanonlythoughtabout(save)alifewhenhejumpedintotheriver.Lindahasfinished(read)thenovel.3?lwasboiling(drink)waterwhenmymothercamebacklastnight.(do)eyeexercisesisgoodforoureyes.—Jane'sspokenEnglishisprettygood.—Yeah,sheworkshardandpracticesitbothinandoutofclass.()A.spokeB.speaksC.speakingD.tospeak答案：savingreadingdrinkingDoingC分詞1?分詞有現在分詞(-ing形式)和過去分詞(通常是ed形式)兩種。既可構成時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)，又常作賓語、賓語補足語等句子成分。2?分詞的用法

句法功能說明例句作定語單個分詞作定語常位于所修飾詞的前面，分詞短語作定語常位于所修飾詞的后面。現在分詞Herushedintotheburninghouse?他沖進著火的房子。Heisamanlovedbyall?他是一個受大家愛戴的人。

表示主動、進行意義，過去分詞表示被動、完成意義。作狀語現在分詞作伴隨狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。Shesatdown,listeningtotheir她坐下來，聽他們的談話。

作表語現在分詞表示主語的性質、特征等；過去分詞表示某種狀^態(tài)。Thestoryisveryinteresting?那個故事非常有趣。1'iinterestedinthatbook?我對那本書感興趣。作賓語補足語賓語與補足語為主動關系或表示動作正在進行用現在分詞；反之，為被動關系或動作已完成用過去分!詞。Iheardalittleboycryinginthesmallhouse?我聽見有個小男孩正在小房子里哭泣?？键c訓練3】1.Snakesdon'thaveearsbutcanfeelthings(move).2.ItissaidthataChineseruler(call)ShenNongwasthefirsttodiscoverteaasadrink.Theboy(stand)bythedoorismybrother.

Advertisingisahighly(develop)industry.5.Ifyouwanttomakeyourself(understand)，you'dbetterspeakclearlyandslowly.Ithinkit'simpolitetokeepothers(wait)答案：movingcalledstandingdevelopedunderstoodwaiting考題熱身】(2017?長春)1enjoy(read)Chineseancientpoemsaloudtobetterunderstandthem.(2017?甘肅)Thegirlexpectedallherclassmates(come)toherparty.(2017?十堰)Hemadethedecisionwithout(think)twice.(2017?鄂州)Thedoctordidwhathecould(save)thepatient'slife.(2017?宿遷)Theboyhaspromised(notplay)computergamesagain.(2017?畢節(jié))Myparentsalwaysaskmemorevegetablesandfruit.(A.eatB.eatingC.toeatD.eatsA.eatB.eatingC.toeatD.eats（2017?鄂州）一Jackhasn'ttakenhispianolessonsforalongtime.—Heisconsidering___hispianocourseandspendingmoretimeonhisstudy.（）A.todropB.tothrowC.droppingD.throwing（2017?哈爾濱改編）MyfavoriteprogramisReaders?Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecaninoursparetime.（）A.readB.toreadC.readingD.toreading9.（2017?蘭州）AnurseCarolynwilllookafterthebabywhenhismotheraway.（）A.naming;isB.naming;willbeC.named;isD.named;willbe（2017?甘肅）Ilookforwardyousoon.（）A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.toseeingC.tosee（2017?臨沂）Doctorsinthetownareusingthebookstheirstudiesandtreatpatients.（A.continueB.tocontinueA.continueC.continuingC.continuingD.continues12?（2017?阜康、米泉）DickinAmerica,buthehasbeenChinesefoodsincehemovedtoChina.（）A?usedtolive;usedtoeatingB?isusedtolive;usedtoeatC?isusedtolive;usedtoeatingD?usedtoliving;usedtoeat13?（2017?河南）Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus___surewedon'tbreakanything?（）A?makeB?madeC?tomakeD?making（2017?上海）Theworkersar