初中英語語法介詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)

初中英語語法介詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總介詞介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，需與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞搭配，才能在句子中充當(dāng)成分。介詞是用于名詞或代詞之前，表示詞與詞之間關(guān)系的詞類，介詞常與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞搭配表示不同意義。介詞短語中介詞后接名詞、代詞或可以替代名詞的詞(如:動(dòng)名詞v-ing).介詞后的代詞永遠(yuǎn)為賓格形式。一、表示時(shí)間的介詞(一)表示時(shí)間段的介詞(1)in,afterin+時(shí)間段，表示從現(xiàn)在起往后推算一段時(shí)間after+時(shí)間段，表示過去某時(shí)間往后推算一段時(shí)間，如:He’llcomebackintwodays.after(afterthreeHeleftonJuly2andreturnedafterthreedays.in,duringinduringTheworkwasdonein/duringtheholidays.:in1999,inJune,inwinterin(3)inlast,forthepast+時(shí)間段,during表示在最近一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)IhavebeeninShanghaiinthelastfewyears.(4)for表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。I’llstudyintheU.SfortwoyearsI’vewaitedforBingoforhalfanhour.(二)表示某一時(shí)間的介詞(1)at,onat表示某一時(shí)刻，on表示某一天或日期,如:at7:14,onSaturdaymorningonthenightofMay2一天內(nèi)各段時(shí)間表達(dá),選用正確的介詞，請(qǐng)比較:inthemorningonawinter/snow/cold/atnightthonthenightofMarch7intheeveningonFriday(2)before,bybeforeby時(shí)態(tài)。如::Youmustgetupbeforesix.你必須六點(diǎn)之前起床。Bytheendoflastmonththeboyhadgot44A.after,sinceafter可以表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后，并不延續(xù)說話時(shí)間,和一般過去連用，而since表示從過去某時(shí)間開始的一段時(shí)間延續(xù)到說話時(shí)間,與現(xiàn)在完時(shí)連用如;MyfatherlivedinShanghaiafterliberation.解放后我父親住在上海.Sincetheendoflastyeartheladyhasgivenfiveconcerts.自去年年底以來，這位女士開了五十場音樂會(huì)from…to,until/tillfrom----tountiltill某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)時(shí)間如:MymotherstudiedinBeijingUniversityfrom1960to1964.從1960年到1964年我媽媽在北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。MymotherenteredBeijingUniversityin1960,andstudiedthereuntil1964.19601964為frommorningtillnight)(三)不用介詞表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組this,that,last,next詞詞組前不用介詞,如:thisyearlastsummer,yesterday,thedayaftertomorrow二、表示事物之間位置的介詞(1)at,in當(dāng)事物被視作一點(diǎn)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)其空間常用介詞at,而表示空間內(nèi)部用介詞in,如:We’llmeetatthesupermarket我們在超市見面Ihadtostayinthesupermarketasitwasraininghard因?yàn)橄麓笥辏抑缓么粼诔欣?arriveatin)in,to(2in表示事物在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)的位置，to表示事物對(duì)區(qū)域范圍之外另一事物的位置，如:ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.上海在中國東部JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國東面。infrontof表示在前面,一般不在范圍內(nèi)，inthefrontof表示在前面.在同一范圍內(nèi)。(3)after,behindafter指順序先后,behind指位置在某事物之后，相對(duì)于infrontof而言,如:HeenteredtheclassroomaftertheteacherAboveOverHehidhimselfbehindthedoor他在門后。On(4)on,inon表示“在某事物表面上”。如將事物看作空間，表示On在其內(nèi)部，用介詞in。OnThereisamodernpaintingonthewall.UnderThereisamodernpaintingonthewall.Below(5)from,off都表示“離開”above,over,below,underover,underabove,below或“低于”,不表示垂直關(guān)系。between,amongbetween表示“兩個(gè)事物之間”,among表示“三者以上的事物之間”。三、表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞(1)into,inside,in從外到內(nèi)如:Hewentquicklyinto/insidetheroom.Hewentquicklyinto/insidetheroom.(2)outof從里到外，相當(dāng)于outside,或從里向外,相當(dāng)于fromShewentoutoffromtheofficeinahurry她匆匆走出辦公室.Theboywatchedthebuses,carsandbikesoutfromthewindow.這男孩透過窗觀看外面的公交車、小汽車和自行車。(3)on在??表面，onto到??上Aboatisontheriver.一條小船在河上。Hejumpedontoatree.他跳上一棵樹(4)across穿過一平面、through穿過一空間Theboykickedtheballhardanditmovedacrossthegrass.這男孩用力踢球，球飛過草地。Thetrainmovedfastthroughthetunnel.火車飛駛隧道。)Thetrainmovedfastthroughthetunnel.火車飛駛隧道。(5Shewalkedtothebank她步行到銀行去Sheswamtowardstheshore她朝岸邊游去。四、常用介詞用法比較(1)as,likeas表示“作為”強(qiáng)調(diào)身份，like(介詞)表示“像”Asateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.Likeateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.(2)with,inwith表示“外貌特征或附帶的東西”,“用??作工具”inAmanwithdarkglasseswantedtobuydrinks.Amaninblackwantedtobuydrinks.Theboyislearningtowriteinpencil/withapencil.HeretoldthetextinEnglish.(3)for,tofor表示“為了.”To表示動(dòng)作對(duì)象,“對(duì),向.”如:Hewoulddoanythingforhismotherland.Didyoumentionthistomyfather?你對(duì)我父親提起過這件事嗎?for表示“就某情況而說”,to表示一“對(duì)某對(duì)象而言”如:It’squitewarmtodayforFebruary.就二月的天氣，今天夠暖和的。Whathetoldyoujustnowwasnotnewtome他剛才對(duì)你所說的話對(duì)我并不新鮮forgo,come(4)except,besidesexceptbat同義，besides部分還有另一部分”Weallfailedexcepthim.我們都失敗了，但他沒有。HespeaksGermanbesidesFrench.他懂法外還會(huì)講英語。(5)注意成對(duì)介詞的用法:getinto(outof)thecar,geton(off)thebus,jumponto(off)theplatform,outof介詞和名詞動(dòng)詞等有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法:toone’ssurprise/joy,inchargeof,insteadof,inbed(hospital),introuble,inahurry,insurprise,withasmile,withonevoice,accordingto,atonce,ontime,intime,inall,athome,(school,work),atlast,atleast,intheend,bytheway,forexample,atthesametime,atthesamespeed,onone’sway(to),inthesun,onthefootballteam,inline,withthehelpo