介紹故宮的英文作文

/人,人人%6EUiEi.AOClAxXA\\\斗％。凱A包「。曲瓦5為66印宜JA0￡QAAaeC六，切士a50o%OduAiEO%-iLiA^eEU^^pA^O0iAf-1?o^OOA^A^^if；；\倭馥。電I”A6dAx?iAi\jj[Whatstrikesonefirstinabird's-eyeviewofBeijingproperisavasttractofgoldenroofsflashingbrilliantlyinthesunwithpurplewallsoccasionallyemergingamidthemandastretchofluxurianttreeleavesflankingoneachside.ThatistheformerImperialPalace,popularlyknownastheForbiddenCity,fromwhichtwenty-fouremperorsoftheMingandQingDynastiesruledChinaforsome500yearsjajafrom1420to1911.TheMingEmperorYongLe,whousurpedthethronefromhisnephewandmadeBeijingthecapital,ordereditsconstruction,onwhichapproximately10,000artistsandamillionworkmentoiledfor14yearsfrom1406to1420.Atpresent,thePalaceisanelaboratemuseumthatpresentsthelargestandmostcompleteensembleoftraditionalarchitecturecomplexandmorethan900,000piecesofcourttreasuresinalldynastiesinChina.jjj[LocatedinthecenterofBeijing,theentirepalacearea,rectangularinshapeand72hectaresinsize,issurroundedbywallstenmetershighandamoat52meterswide.Ateachcornerofthewallstandsawatchtowerwithadouble-eaveroofcoveredwithyellowglazedtiles.jjjjThemainbuildings,thesixgreathalls,onefollowingtheother,aresetfacingsouthalongthecentralnorth-southaxisfromtheMeridianGate,thesouthentrance,toShenwumen,thegreatgatepiercinginthenorthwall.Oneithersideofthepalacearemanycomparativelysmallbuildings.SymmetricallyinthenortheasternsectionliethesixEasternPalacesandinthenorthwesternsectionthesixWesternPalaces.ThePalaceareaisdividedintotwoparts:theOuterCourtandtheInnerPalace.Theformerconsistsofthefirstthreemainhalls,wheretheemperorreceivedhiscourtiersandconductedgrandceremonies,whilethelatterwasthelivingquartersfortheimperialresidence.AttherearoftheInnerPalaceistheImperialGardenwheretheemperorandhisfamilysoughtrecreation.\jjjThemainentrancetothePalaceistheMeridianGate(l),whichwassonamedbecausetheemperorconsideredhimselfthe"SonoftheHeaven"andthePalacethecenteroftheuniverse,hencethenorth-southaxisastheMeridianlinegoingrightthroughthePalace.Thegateiscrownedwithfivetowers,commonlyknownastheFive-PhoenixTowers(2),whichwereinstalledwithdrumsandbells.WhentheemperorwenttotheTempleofHeaven,bellswerestrucktomarkthisimportantoccasion.WhenhewenttotheAncestralTemple,itwasthedrumsthatwerebeatentopublicizetheevent.jjjjBeyondtheMeridianGateunfoldsavastcourtyardacrosswhichtheInnerGoldenWaterRiverrunsfromeasttowest.Theriverisspannedbyfivebridges,whichweresupposedtobesymbolsofthefivevirtuespreachedbyConfucius\ajabenevolence,righteousness,rites,intelligence,andfidelity(3).jjjjAtthenorthendofthecourtyardisathree-tieredwhitemarbleterrace,sevenmetersabovetheground,onwhich,oneafteranother,standthreemajestichalls;theHallofSupremeHarmony(4),theHallofCompleteHarmony(5),andtheHallofPreservingHarmony(6).hjjTheHallofSupremeHarmony,rectangularinshape,27metersinheight,2,300squaremetersinarea,isthegrandestandmostimportanthallinthePalacecomplex.ItisalsoChina'slargestexistingpalaceofwoodstructureandanoutstandingexampleofbrilliantcolorcombinations.Thishallusedtobethethronehallforceremonieswhichmarkedgreatoccasions:theWinterSolstice,theSpringFestival,theemperor*sbirthdayandenthronement,andthedispatchofgeneralstobattles,etc.OnsuchoccasionstherewouldbeanimperialguardofhonorstandinginfrontoftheHallthatextendedallthewaytotheMeridiangate.jjjjOnthenorthfaceofthehallinthecenteroffourcoiled-goldendragoncolumnsisthenGoldenThrone",whichwascarvedoutofsandalwood.Thethronerestsonatwo-meter-highplatformwithascreenbehindit.Infrontofit,totheleftandright,standornamentalcranes,incenseburnersandotherornaments.Thedragoncolumnsentwinedwithgoldendragonsmeasureonemeterindiameter.Thethroneitself,theplatformandthescreenareallcarvedwithdragondesigns.Highabovethethroneisacolor-paintedcofferedceilingwhichchangesinshapefromsquaretooctagonaltocircularasitascendslayeruponlayer.Theutmostcentralvaultiscarvedwiththegildeddesignofadragontoyingwithpearls,whentheEmperormountedthethrone,goldbellsandjadechimessoundedfromthegallery,andcloudsofincenserosefromthebronzecranesandtortoisesandtripodsoutsidethehallontheterrace.Theauraofmajestycreatedbytheimposingarchitectureandsolemnritualweredesignedtokeepthesubjectsofthe"SonoftheHeaven"inaweandreverence.jjjjTheHallofCompleteHarmonyissmallerandsquarewithwindowsonallsides.Heretheemperorrehearsedforceremonies.ItisfollowedbytheHallofPreservingHarmonyinwhichbanquetsandimperialexaminationswereheld.jjjjBehindtheHallofPreservingHarmonyliesahugemarblerampwithintertwiningcloudsanddragonscarvedinrelief.Theslab,about6.5meterslong,3meterswideand250tonsinweight,isplacedbetweentwoflightsofmarblestepsalongwhichtheemperor'ssedanwascarriedupordowntheterrace.ItisthelargestpieceofstonecarvingintheImperialPalace.QuarriedinthemountainsscoresofkilometerssouthwestofBeijing,thisgiganticstonewasmovedtothecitybyslidingitoveraspeciallypavediceroadinwinter.Toprovideenoughwatertobuildtheiceroad,wellsweresunkatvery500metersalongtheway.jjjjThethreehallsoftheInnerPalacearereplicasofthethreehallsinthefront,butsmallerinsize.TheyarethePalaceofHeavenlyPurity(7),theHallofUnion(8),andthePalaceofEarthlyTranquility(9).jjjjThePalaceofHeavenlyPuritywasoncetheresidenceoftheMingemperorsandthefirsttwooftheQingemperors.ThentheQingEmperorYongZhengmovedhisresidencetothePalaceofMentalCultivationandturneditintoanaudiencehalltoreceiveforeignenvoysandhandledthestateaffairs.Thepromotionanddemotionofofficialswerealsodecidedinthishall.Aftertheemperofsdeathhiscoffinwasplacedherefora49-dayperiodofmourning.jjj[ThePalaceofUnionwastheempress'sthroneroomandtheHallofEarthlyTranquility,onceaprivatelivingroomfortheempress,waspartitioned.Thewestchamberservedreligiouspurposesandtheeastonewasthebridalchamberwherethenewlymarriedemperorandempressspenttheirfirsttwonightsaftertheirwedding.jjjjTheImperialGardenwaslaidoutduringtheearlyMingdynasty.Hundredsofpinesandcypressesoffershadewhilevariousflowersgivecolorstothegardenallyearroundandfilltheairwiththeirfragrance.InhecenterofthegardenistheHallofImperialPeace,aDaoisttemple,withaflatroofslightlyslopingdowntothefoureaves.ThistypeofroofwasrareinancientChinesearchitecture.Inhenortheasterncornerofthegardenisarockhill,knownastheHillofthePiled-upWonders,whichistoppedwithapavilion.Atthefootofthehillaretwofountainswhichjettwocolumnsofwaterhighintotheair.Itissaidthatontheninthnightoftheninthmonthofthelunarcalendar,theempresswouldmoundthehilltoenjoytheautumnscene.Itisalsobelievedthatclimbingtoahighplaceonthatdaywouldkeeppeoplesafefromcontagiousdiseases.jjjjThesixWesternPalaceswereresidencesforempressesandconcubines.Theyarekeptintheiroriginalwayforshow.ThesixEasternPalacesweretheresidencesforthemtoo.Butnowtheyserveasspecialmuseums:theMuseumofBronze,theMuseumofPorcelainandtheMuseumofArtsandCraftsoftheMingandQingdynasties.Inthenortheastern-mostsectionoftheInnerPalacearetheMuseumofTraditionalChinesePaintingsandtheMuseumofJewelryandTreasureswhererarepiecesofimperialcollectionsareondisplay.IjjjNowtheForbiddenCityisnolongerforbidding,butinviting.AvisittothePalaceMuseumwillenrichthevisitors1knowledgeofhistory,economy,politics,artsaswellasarchitectureinancientChina.；i；a。境J|iA6/Ax+iA2jjjjSituatedinthewesternoutskirtsofHaidianDistrict,theSummerPalaceis15kilometers(9.3miles)fromcentralBeijing.Havingthelargestroyalparkandbeingwellpreserved,itwasdesignated,in1960bytheStateCouncil,asaKeyCulturalRelicsProtectionSiteofChina.Containingexamplesoftheancientarts,italsohasgracefullandscapesandmagnificentconstructions.TheSummerPalaceisthearchetypalChinesegarden,andisrankedamongstthemostnotedandclassicalgardensoftheworld.In1998,itwaslistedasoneoftheWorldHeritageSitesbyUNESCO.jjj[ConstructedintheJinDynasty(1115-1234),duringthesucceedingreignoffeudalemperors;itwasextendedcontinuously.BythetimeoftheQingDynasty(1644-1911),ithadbecomealuxuriousroyalgardenprovidingroyalfamilieswithrestandentertainment.Originallycalled'QingyiGarden*(GardenofClearRipples),itwasknowasoneofthefamous'threehillsandfivegardens1(LongevityHill,JadeSpringMountain,andFragrantHill;GardenofClearRipples,GardenofEverlastingSpring,GardenofPerfectionandBrightness,GardenofTranquilityandBrightness,andGardenofTranquilityandPleasure).LikemostofthegardensofBeijing,itcouldnoteludetherampagesoftheAnglo-Frenchalliedforceandwasdestroyedbyfire.In1888,EmpressDowagerCixiembezzlednavyfundstoreconstructitforherownbenefit,changingitsnametoSummerPalace(Yiheyuan).Shespentmostofherlateryearsthere,dealingwithstateaffairsandentertaining.In1900,itsufferedagain,beingransackedbytheEight-PowerAlliedForce.Afterthesuccessofthe1911Revolution,itwasopenedtothepublic.Hi[ComposedmainlyofLongevityHillandKunmingLake,TheSummerPalaceoccupiesanareaof294hectares(726.5acres),threequartersofwhichiswater.Guidedbynature,artistsdesignedthegardensexquisitelysothatvisitorswouldseemarvelousviewsandbeamazedbyperfectexamplesofrefinedcraftworkusingthefinestmaterials.jjj(CenteredontheTowerofBuddhistIncense(Foxiangge)theSummerPalaceconsistsofover3,000structuresincludingpavilions,towers,bridges,andcorridors.TheSummerPalacecanbedividedintofourparts:thecourtarea,front-hillarea,front-lakearea,andrear-hillandback-lakearea.jjjjFront-HillArea:thisareaisthemostmagnificentareaintheSummerPalacewiththemostconstructions.ItslayoutisquitedistinctivebecauseofthecentralaxisfromtheyardofKunmingLaketothehilltop,onwhichimportantbuildingsarepositionedincludingGateofDispellingClouds,HallofDispellingClouds,HallofMoralGlory,TowerofBuddhistIncense,theHalloftheSeaofWisdom,etc.jjjjRear-HillandBack-LakeArea:althoughtheconstructionsarefewerhere,ithasauniquelandscape,withdensegreentrees,andwindingpaths.Visitorscanfeelararetranquility,andelegance.ThisareaincludesscenicspotssuchasKunmingLakeandBackLake,whichpresentsatranquilbeauty,GardenofHarmoniousInterest,builtbyimitatingthelayoutofSouthernChina;-sclassicalgardens,andSuzhouMarketStreet,endowedwithastrongflavorofthewatertownSuzhou.jjj[CourtArea:thisiswhereEmpressDowagerCixiandEmperorGuangxumetofficials,conductedstateaffairsandrested.EnteringtheEastPalaceGate,visitorsmayseethemainpalacebuildings:theHallofBenevolenceandLongevityservedastheofficeoftheEmperor,theHallofJadeRippleswhereGuangxulived,theHallofJoyfulLongevity,Cixi'sresidence,theGardenofVirtueandHarmonywhereCixiwasentertained,YiyunHouse,whereoncelivedtheEmpressLongyu,andLongGallery,wh