寫作習(xí)題及答案(期末考試)

Unit1一、PracticingthebasicsofnarrationCheckthesentencesthatyouthinkwouldmakeinterestingtopicsentencesforapersonalexperiencenarrative.Explainwhytheotherswouldnot.OnceIalmostdrowned.WhenRobertwasfifteen,hemadehisfirstgiftoftruelovetohisfather.Ajourneyofonemileor5,000milesbeginsthesameway:withasinglestep.WhenIwasfive,Idiscoveredthatlearningwasfun.Thefive-minutedrivetothehospitalseemedtohavetakenhours.Hewasdrivinghomeoneevening,onatwo-lanecountryroad.XiaoWanghasprovedonceagainthatheisanincurableoptimist.ThedayIgottheletterofadmissionfromBFSU(BeijingForeignStudiesUniversity)wasoneofthehappiestofmylife.Myfamilybelievedifsomethingwentwrong,itwasalwayssomeoneelse'sfault.OneofmymostmemorableexperiencestookplacewhenIworkedasaschoolteacherinamountainvillage.Thosethatwouldmakeinterestingtopicsentences:2,4,7,8,and10.1wouldmakeatopicsentence,butonlyadullone.3,5,6and9wouldInmattersofprinciple,standlikearock;inmattersoftaste,swimwiththecurrent.ThomasJefferson?twoimperativeclausesconnectedbyasemicolonIhavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tears,andsweat.WinstonChurchill?fournouns:blood,toil,tears,andsweatJusttobealiveandtobeofservicetosomebodyisareward.AnnCayee?twoinfinitivephrases:tobealiveandtobeof'servicetosomebodyAlivingdogisbetterthanadeadlion.?twonounphrases:alivingdogandadeadlionCrawlingdownamountainissometimesharderthanclimbingup.?twogerundphrases:crawlingdownamountainandclimbingup(amountain)Thepersonnelmanagertoldthenewsecretarythatshewouldanswerthephone,attendtovisitorsanddosometyping.?threeverbphrases:answerthephone,attendtovisitorsanddosometyping.Thesoilisnotdifficulttotillwhenthereisalotofrain,butinabadyear,ifsnotonlytheploughsthatbreakbutourheartstoo.?twonounphrasesjoinedbyapairofcorrelativeconjunctionsnotonly...butThestrangertoldmehecamefromthesouthandthathewasgoingtojoinhisbrotherinnorthernShanxi.?twoobjectclausesconnectedbyand(Note:thesecondclauseshouldbeintroducedbytheconjunctionthat.)二、Correctfaultyparallelismsinthefollowingsentences.Mycousinlikesswimming,runningandtoplaytabletennis.改：Mycousinlikesswimming,runningandplayingtabletennis.Chemistryusedtobetaughtfromatextbook;nowthelabmethodisused.改：Chemistryusedtobetaughtfromatextbook;nowitistaughtinthelab.Youcanforceachildtoattendclassbutnotthink.改：Youcanforceachildtoattendclassbutnottothink.XiaoLincouldnotdecidewhethersheshouldisstartcollegerightafterhighschoolortogetajobfirst.改：XiaoLincouldnotdecidewhethertostartcollegerightafterhighschoolortogetajobfirst.Theessayisdifficulttounderstandnotbecauseofthetechnicalvocabularybutbecausethesentencestructuresarecomplicated.改：Theessayisdifficulttounderstandnotbecausethevocabularyistechnicalbutbecausethesentencestructureiscomplicated.Eitherwemustmakenuclearpowersafeorstopusingitaltogether.改：Wemusteithermakenuclearpowersafeorstopusingitaltogether,(or:Eitherwemustmakenuclearpowersafeorwemuststopusingitaltogether.ThedayIlefthomewasdark,coldanditrained.改：ThedayIlefthomewasdark,cold,andrainy.Incarelessdriving,thedriver,notonlyrisksthelivesofhisownpassengers,butalsothelivesofothers.改：Acarelessdriverrisksnotonlythelivesofhisownpassengers,butalsothoseofothers.E-mailisnotonlyfastandeasy,butitalsosavespaperandtheworkofmovingpaperfromoneplacetoanother.改：E-mailisnotonlyfastandeasybutalsosavespaperandtheworkofmovingpaperfromoneplacetoanother,(or:Notonlyise-mailfastandeasy,butitalsosavespaperandtheworkofmovingpaperfromoneplacetoanother.)Hebelievesthatgivingisasmuchajoyastoreceive.改：Hebelievesthatgivingisasmuchajoyasreceiving.(or:Hebelievesthattogiveisas.muchajoyastoreceive.)unit3一、PracticingpointofviewIdentifythepointofviewinthefollowingpassagesandexplainwhyitissuitableforthenarrative.Thefollowingparagraphsareselected,fromContemporaryCollegeEnglish,IntensiveReading.Letmetellyouoneoftheearliestdisastersinmycareerasateacher.ItwasJanuaryof1940andIwasfreshoutofgraduateschoolstartingmyfirstsemesterattheUniversityofKansasCity.Partofthestudentbodywasabeanpolewithhairontop,whocameintomyclass,satdown,foldedhisarms,andlookedatmeasiftosayRight,teachmesomething."TwoweekslaterwestartedHamlet.Threeweekslaterhecameintomyofficewithhishandsonhiships.Look/'hesaid,Icameheretobeapharmacist.WhydoIhavetoreadthisstuff?"Andnothavingabookofhisowntopointto,hepointedtomine,whichwaslyingonthedesk.(Para.l,Lesson1,Book2)?Thefirstpersonpointofviewisusedinthepassageinwhichthenarratorisaparticipantintheactiondescribed.Thispointofviewallowsthenarratortoexpresshisopinionsandfeelingsaboutthestudentfreely.Shesaid,Thankyou,"andwalkedfromthekitchenintothelivingroom.Amomentlaterheheardherturningthepagesofamagazine.Heknewthatshewastooangrytobeactuallyreadingit,butshedidn'tsnapthroughthepagesthewayhewouldhavedone.Sheturnedthemslowly,asifshewerestudyingeveryword.Shewasdemonstratingherindifferencetohim,andithadtheeffectheknewshewantedittohave.Ithurthim.(Para.40,Lesson5,Book2)?Thewritertellsthestoryinthelimitedthirdpersonpointofview,inwhichanunknownnarratordescribeswhathappenedandreportstheman'sthoughtsandfeelings.InthemorningtheyawokeoutsideanotherHowardJohnson'sandthistimeVingowentin.Thegirlinsistedthathejointhem.Heseemedveryshyandorderedblackcoffeeandsmokednervously,astheyoungpeoplechatteredaboutsleepingonbeaches.Whentheygotbackonthebus,thegirlsatwithVingoagain.Afterawhile,slowlyandpainfully,hebegantotellhisstory.HehadbeeninjailinNewYorkforthelastfouryears,andnowhewasgoinghome.(Para.5,Lesson2,Book1)?Thestoryisnarratedfromanobjectivethirdpersonpointofview.Thenarratormerelytellswhatheobservesanddoesnotgointothemindofanybodyinvolved.二、Foreachofthefollowingtopics,discusswithyourclassmateswhichpointofviewyouwillchooseandstateyourreason(s).Achanceofmeetingwithafavoritefootballstarofyours?Thefirstpersonpointofview,forthispointofviewallowswriterstoeasilyexpresstheirjoyandexcitementonsuchanoccasion.Areportofaroadaccidentbyawitness?Theobjectivethirdpersonpointofview,becausewitnessesaresupposedtoreport,faithfullyandimpartially,whattheyhaveseenwithoutofferinginterpretationandcommentary.Apracticaljokeyouandafewclassmatesplayedonanotherclassmate?Thefirstpersonpointofview,whichallowsexpressionofattitudesandfeelings,thusmakingthenarrativepersonalandvivid.Asmallincidentoncampusthatgaveyouafreshinsightinto?Boththefirstpersonandthelimitedthirdpersonpointsofviewarepossible.Theincidentcanbenarratedbyeitherafirstpersonnarratorwhoisanobserveroraparticipant,orathirdpersonnarratorwhogoesintothemindofoneormorepeopleinvolved.Somethingunpleasantthathappenedbetweentwoofyourfellowstudents?Boththefirstpersonandthelimitedthirdpersonpointsofviewcanbeusedforthesamereasonsasstatedfortheprevioustopic.三、PracticingwritingeffectivesentencesRewritethefollowingsentences,makingthemmoreeffective.Example:Original:Thereareseveralexcellentexamplesintheessay.Rewritten:Theessayincludesseveralexcellentexamples.Ithasbeenmycousin'swishtobecomeadetectivestorywritereversinceherchildhood.?Mycousinhasbeenwishingtobecomeadetectivestorywritereversinceherchildhood.Therearedozensofpeoplewaitingoutsidethemanager'sofficetohaveaninterviewwithhim.?Dozensofpeoplearewaitingoutsidethemanager'sofficetohaveaninterviewwithhim.TherearethreereasonswhyXiaoWang'scompositionwonthefirstprize.?XiaoWang'scompositionwonthefirstprizeforthreereasons.ThereisfinallyagoodplayfortheDramaClubtoperformoncampus.?They'vefoundagoodplayfortheDramaClubtoperformoncampus.Therearen'tmanygrammarmistakesinthefinaldraftofJim'sessay.?Thewritingteacherdidn'tfindmanygrammarmistakesinthefinaldraftofessay.Tolearntorideahorse,thefirstthingIhavetodoistobeitsfriend.?Tolearntorideahorse,firstIhavetomakefriendswithit.Whentheponywasfriendly,theproblemwasonmyside.AssoonasIwasonitsback,Iwasnervous.?Whentheponyacceptedme,Istillcouldn'trideitallbymyself,forassoonasIgotonitsbackIbecamenervous.WhenIwasachild,Iwasveryparticularaboutmyfoodandonlyatewhatwascookedbymygrandma.?Asachild,Iwasveryparticularaboutmyfoodandonlyatewhatmygrandmacooked.WhentheballiscaughtbySteve,itwassuretobekickedorheadedintotheotherteam'sgoalninetimesoutoften.?WhenStevecatchestheball,ninetimesoutoften,hewillkickorheaditintotheotherteam'sgoal.ItisthehopeofbothhisfamilyandfindsthatThomaswouldbeabusinessmaninthefuture.BothThomasfamilyandhisfriendshopedthathewouldgointobusiness.unit5*、PracticingnarrativeskillsPointout,ineachofthefollowingpassages,whichnarrativemethodtellingorshowing-ischieflyused,Passage1Shoes(AuthorUnknown)AsGandhisteppedaboardatrainoneday,oneofhisshoesslippedofandlandedonthetrack.Hewasunabletoretrieveit,asthetrainwasmoving.Totheamazementofhiscompanions,Gandhicalmlytookoffhisothershoeandthrewitbackalongthetracktolandclosetothefirst,Askedbyafellowpassengerwhyhedidthis,Gandhismiled."Thepoormanwhofindstheshoelyingonthetrack"hereplied,”w川nowhaveapairhecanuse."(88words)?Thewriterusesthemethodofshowingtodramatizethescene.Passage2OldPeopleLeAnnThiemanAteninety-two,GrandmaFritzstilllivedinheroldtwo-storyfarmhouse,madehomemadenoodlesanddidherlaundryinherwringer-washerinthebasement.Shemaintainedhervegetablegarden,bigenoughtofeedallofBentonCounty,withjustahoeandspade.Herseventy-year-oldchildrenlovinglyprotestedwhensheinsistedonmowingherhugelawnwithherancientpushmower."Ionlyworkoutsideinthecool,earlymorningsandintheevenings.Grandmaexplained,“andIalwayswearmysunbonnet”Still,herchildrenwereunderstandablyrelievedwhentheyheardshewasattendingthenoonlunchesatthelocalseniorcitizensJcenter.“Yes,"Grandmaadmitted,asherdaughternoddedapprovingly,"Icookforthem.Thoseoldpeopleappreciateitsomuch!"?Thewriterusesbothmethods.SheusestellingtoprovideinformationaboutGrandmaFritz,butshowingtodramatizeoneinstancetoshowhowthis92-year-oldwomanhelpsotheroldpeople.Passage3PHGetAnotherOneDavidWallechinskyAthisfather9funeral,AmericanCarlLewisplacedhisone-hundred-metergoldmedalfromthe1984Olympicsinhisfather'shands."Don'tworry,“hetoldhissurprisedmother.“rIIgetanotherone.”Ayearlater,intheone-hundred-meterfinalatthe1988games,LewiswascompetingagainstCanadianworld-record-holderBenJohnson.makegoodopeningsentencesofanessay,notnecessarilyanarrative,butnoneofthemexemplifieswhatanarrativeisabout.二、Readthepassages,decidewhethertheyaregoodorpoorpersonalnarratives,andstateyourreasons.ItwasthelastdayofourstayinNanjing.MyparentsweresittinginthewaitingroomoftherailwaystationwaitingforourtrainbacktoBeijingAsarestlessfiveyearold,Ibeganwanderingaboutandthenfoundmyselflost.IwasgettingworriedwhenIsawawomandressedlikeapolicewoman.ImmediatelyIheadedtowardherandtoldherIcouldn'tfindmyparents.Shetookmetothebroadcastingstation,andtheirannouncementovertheloudspeakersoonbroughtmyparents.?Thepassageisanarrativewithoutatopicsentence.Wedon'tknowwhatpointthewriterwantstomake.Wecouldimprovethepassagebyaddingatopicsentencesuchas“AttheageoffiveIlearnedthatinatightcornerwecanturntoapoliceman/policewomanforhelp.,,OnceIalmostdrownedinaswimmingpool.Iwas12andwaslearningtoswim.Ibegantopaddletothefarsideofthepool.ButsuddenlyIcouldn'tmoveaninchandkeepmyheadabovethewaterandIbegantodrown.Justthenmyfathercametomyrescue.Halfwaythroughtherace,Johnsonwasfivefeetinfront.Lewiswasconvincedhecouldcatchhim.Butateightymeters,hewasstillfivefeetbehind.It'sover,Dad,Lewisthought.AsJohnsoncrossedthefinish,hestaredbackatLewisandthrusthisrightarmintheair,indexfingerextended.Lewiswasexasperated.HehadnoticedJohnson'sbulgingmusclesandyellow-tingedeyes,bothindicationsofsteroiduse.Ididn'thavethemedal,butIcouldstillgiveittomyfatherbyactingwithclassanddignity,"Lewissaidlater.HeshookJohnson'shandandleftthetrack.ButthencametheannouncementthatJohnsonhadtestedpositiveforanabolicsteroids.Hewasstrippedofhismedal.ThegoldwenttoLewis,areplacementforthemedalhehadgivenhisfather.?Thewriterbasicallyusesthemethodoftelling,summarizingwhatLewisdidathisfather'sfuneralandhowhefinallywonthegoldmedalforthe100-meterrace.二、Studythefollowingpassageandpointouthowthestudentsucceedsincreatingasceneofhorror.Hair-RaisingMomentsZhaoTingTheveryfirstdayIcametoBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,aformerschoolmatetoldmeaghoststoryabouttheMainBuilding.ThecreepyfeelingitarousedstilllingeredamonthlaterwhenIhebuilding.Headingfortheplaceinthedark,IkeptlookingbacktoseeifIwasbeingfollowed.Butatthattimeofthedaytherewasnobodytherebutmyself.AsIgotclosetothebuilding,Isawlightglowingthroughafewwindows,butthehallwaspitchdark.However,themomentIsteppedin,thelightscameon,asifbymagic.Mylimbsfeltnumb,anditwassometimebeforeIregainedmycomposureandrealizedthatthelightsweresound-controlled.Iknewtherewasamirrorinthehall,butIdarednotlookintoit,forfearofseeingtheimageofsomeoneelse,evenscarier,forfearoffindingmyselfaloneinamysteriousplaceasinghoststories.Thethoughtmademyhairstandonend.SoIhadtofeelthehandrailstomakemywayuptothesecondfloor,clappingfromtimetotimetokeepthelightson.Notknowingwherethemeetingroomwas,Iturnedleftinstinctively.Atthefarendofthecorridorinadimlylit,halfopenroom,Ifoundtwofiguresmovingaboutsoundlessly,asifdancing.ButIwastoofrightenedtogivethemasecondlook.SoIaskedloudly,Excuseme,butisthisthemeetingplacefor...?Thenextdooropenedinstantly,revealingafriendlyface.Izinreturn,forcedasmile.ButsincethenIhaveneverdaredtoenterthebuildingagainatnight.?Thestudentdescribesachainofeventsthatleadtohergrowingfright:aghoststoryshehadheardamonthearlierherapprehensiononherwaytothebuildingherfearwhenthelightsinthehallcameonbythemselvesherfearofbothfindingsomeoneelsethereandfindingherselfaloneinthemirrorherefforttokeepthelightsonassheclimbedthestairsherfrightwhenshesawtwofiguresinadimlylitroomthefinalresult:herlingeringfear(shehasneverdaredtoenterthebuildingagainatnight).Shealsousesalotofactionverbstocreatethescene.?Thepassagehastwoproblems.First,thelastsentenceconcludesthenarrativebutdoesnotleadtoanyinsightthewriterhasgainedthroughtheincident.Ithasatopicsentence,butthenarrationisvague.Withoutsufficientdetails,thestoryishumdrumandbare.Thefollowingisanimprovedversion:OnceIalmostdrownedinaswimmingpool.Iwastwelveandwaslearningtoswim.Iwaslearningfast,andsoon,withoutknowingit,Ibegantopaddletothefarsideofthepool.ButbeforeIreachedit,suddenlyIcouldn'tmoveorkeepmyheadabovewater.Ibegantosink.JustthenIfeltapairofstronghandspushingmeup-myfatherhadcometomyrescueandpulledmeoutofthewater.Onceagain,Dadgotmeoutofatightcorner,ashehasdonesomanytimesinmylife.Ifinallyarrivedattheuniversityaftertwoandahalfhoursofriding.Ifoundanewbattletofightrunningfromoneofficetoanother,completingallkindsofformsandsigningmynamenumeroustimes.Ifinishedallthat.Itrulybecomeamemberoftheuniversity.Iwastiredout.ItbegantorainbeforeIcouldrestmyfeetinmydorm!?Thepassagehastwoproblems.First,itdoesnotprovideatopicsentencetodirectthechoiceofthedetails(thelongbusride,thenumerousformstocomplete,therepeatedname-signingsandtheunwelcomerain).Inthisversion,theyarenotconnectedwell.Wecanimprovethepassagebyimprovingthetransitions.Thefollowingisanimprovedversion:WhenIfinallyarrivedattheuniversityaftertwoandahalfhoursofridingonabus,Ifoundanewbattletofight—runningfromoneofficetoanother,completingallkindsofforms,andsigningmynamenumeroustimes.OnlywhenIhadfinishedallthatdidItrulybecomeamemberoftheuniversity.BythattimeIwastiredout.Whafsmore,itbegantorainbeforeIreachedmydormroomandcouldfinallyrest!Myfirstdayatcollegewasanightmare!Assoonasthewinterholidaysbegan,mybestfriendinhighschoolandIfixedadatetomeet.Wehadn'tseeneachotherforhalfayearandduringthisperiodwechieflykeptcontactviaWeChat.Themomentwemet,wehuggedeachotherforalongtime,completelyunawareofthepeoplearoundus.Neitherofussaidmuch,andwebothenjoyedbeingwitheachother.Wewenttotheshopstohavealookatthethingswewereinterestedin.Thenshetreatedmetolunch,usingthefirstmoneyshehadearnedplayingtheharpinheruniversityorchestra.Howtimeflewwhenweweretogether!Soonitwastimetosaygoodbye.Perhapsitwouldbeanothersixmonthsbeforewecouldmeetagain.ButIwasnotatallworriedthatwemightbecomeestrangedfromeachother,forIknewthattimewouldneverseparateusandthatwewouldonlycherishourfriendshipmoreastimewentby.?Thispassageiswell-organized:ithasabeginning(thefirsttwosentences)thatprovidesthebackgroundforthereunion.Itsmiddlepart(thenextsevensentences)describesthedetailsofthereunion:whattheydidandhowtheyfelt.Thepassagewindsupwiththetopicsentence.Alsothesentencesareneatlyknittedtogetherbyappropriateconnectiveexpressions.三、ActivitylPracticingcoordination&subordinationIdentitycoordinationandsubordinationandpointouthowcoordination/subordinationisachievedineachsentence.ThefollowingsentencesareselectedfromContemporaryCollegeEnglish,IntensiveReading,LessonOne,BookTwo.NewasIwastothefaculty,Icouldhavetoldthisspecimenanumberofthings.(Para.2)?Subordination,expressedinanadverbclauseofconcession"NewasIwastothefaculty.,,Icouldhavetoldhimallthis,butitwasfairlyobvioushewasn'tgoingtobeherelongenoughtomatter.(Para.3)?Coordination,byjoiningtwoclausesexpressingequallyimportantideaswiththecoordinatingconjunctionbut.Havingfinishedtheday'swork,whatdoyoudowiththoseothereighthours?(Para.6)?Coordination,byjoiningtwocoordinatingclauseswithacommaplusand;Subordinationwithinthefirstcoordinatingclause,byexpressingtheminorideainarerelativeclause"(that)everymanmustrespect."Theyinvolveskillseverymanmustrespect,andtheycanallbringyoubasicsatisfactions.(Para.5)?Subordination,byexpressingtheminorideainapresentparticiplephrase“havingfinishedtheday'swork.”FourteenyearslaterIamstillteaching,andIamheretotellyou...(Para.8)?Coordination,byconnectingtwocoordinatingclauseswithacommaplusandthebusinessofthecollegeisnotonlytotrainyou,buttoputyouintouchwith...(Para.8)?Coordination,byconnectingtwoinfinitivephraseswithapairofcorrelativeconjunctionsnotonly...but(also)youhavenotimeforShakespeare,forabasiclookatphilosophy,forthecontinuityofthefinearts,forthatlessonofman'sdevelopment...(Para.9)?Coordination,byconnectingfourequallyimportantfor-prepositionalphraseswithcommas.Ispeak,I'msure,forthefacultyoftheliberalartscollegeandforthefacultiesofthespecializedschoolsaswell...(Para.14)?Coordination,byconnectingtwocoordinatingprepositionalphraseswithanduniversityhasnorealexistenceandnorealpurpose...(Para.14)?Coordination,byconnectingtwonounphrases"n